{"id":837,"date":"2022-06-10T18:31:12","date_gmt":"2022-06-10T10:31:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=837"},"modified":"2023-05-24T17:05:09","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T09:05:09","slug":"%e5%88%a5%e5%91%8a%e8%a8%b4%e4%b8%8a%e5%b8%9d%e7%a5%82%e8%a9%b2%e6%80%8e%e9%ba%bc%e5%81%9a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=837","title":{"rendered":"\u5225\u544a\u8a34\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7942\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u505a"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/a>
<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u300e\u725b\u9813\u904b\u52d5\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u96d6\u7136\u5f88\u5ee3\uff0c<\/span>……<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u4fdd\u8b49\u5728\u6163\u6027\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u9ad4\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u4fdd\u8b49\u7269\u9ad4\u662f\u4f4e\u901f\u7684\u5b8f\u89c0\u7269\u9ad4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u7814\u7a76\u5fae\u89c0\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u6216\u8005\u5149\u901f\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u7814\u7a76\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002\u300f<\/span>*<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u754c\u6709\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u7522\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1900<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>12<\/span>\u6708<\/span>14<\/span>\u65e5\uff0c\u666e\u6717\u514b\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u4fee\u6b63\u63a8\u5c0e\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u9ed1\u9ad4\u5e45\u5c04\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u4e00\u4efd\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u9023\u7e8c\u7684<\/span>(<\/span>\u800c\u9019\u500b\u524d\u63d0\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u754c<\/span>)<\/span>\u3002\u300e\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5411\u5916\u50b3\u64ad\uff0c\u7d66\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u91cf\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u6253\u958b\u4e86\u820a\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ad6\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u5927\u9580\u3002\u300f<\/span>*<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u9678\u7e8c\u6295\u5165\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u7d00\u5ff5\u9019\u9805\u7a81\u7834\uff0c<\/span>12<\/span>\u6708<\/span>14<\/span>\u65e5\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u91cf\u5b50\u65e5\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1905<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u5149\u91cf\u5b50\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u628a\u300c\u5149\u5b50\u300d\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u548c\u725b\u9813\u8a8d\u70ba\u5149\u662f\u6709\u5be6\u5fc3\u7684\u300c\u5fae\u7c92\u300d\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u300c\u5149\u96fb\u6548\u61c9\u300d\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u5149\u540c\u6642\u6709\u6ce2\u52d5\u548c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u628a\u5149\u5b50\u540c\u6642\u5177\u5099\u6ce2\u52d5\u548c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u63a8\u5ee3\u81f3\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u91cd\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u662f\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u5fae\u89c0\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u548c\u5de8\u89c0\u6709\u5929\u58e4\u4e4b\u5225\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u758a\u52a0<\/span>(quantum superposition)<\/span>\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5169\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u7684\u91cd\u758a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6578\u5b78\u7684<\/span>1<\/span>\u52a0<\/span>1<\/span>\u7b49\u65bc<\/span>2<\/span>\u90a3\u9ebc\u7c21\u55ae\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u91cf\u5b50\u758a\u52a0\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5341\u5206\u751f\u52d5\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7684\u8c93\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u300e<\/span>……<\/span>\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u76d2\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u5f9e\u5916\u754c\u5f97\u77e5\u9019\u500b\u76d2\u5b50\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u96bb\u8c93\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u76d2\u5b50\u88e1\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u8cea\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u51fa\u81f4\u8c93\u65bc\u6b7b\u7684\u6709\u6bd2\u6c23\u9ad4\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u503c\u5f97\u6176\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u653e\u51fa\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u662f\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e94\u5341\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5c0d\u9019\u96bb\u8c93\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5b83\u8eab\u8655\u96aa\u5883\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u820a\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u80fd\u5920\u6d3b\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002<\/span>……<\/span>\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u6253\u958b\u76c6\u5b50\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9019\u96bb\u8c93\u5230\u5e95\u51fa\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5462\uff1f<\/span>…..<\/span>\u5728\u6253\u958b\u76d2\u5b50\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9019\u96bb\u8c93\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5728\u751f\u6216\u6b7b\u4e4b\u524d\u5f98\u5f8a\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5169\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/span>……<\/span>\u300f<\/span>* <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u76d2\u5b50\u88cf\u7684\u8c93\uff0c\u7167\u7406\u8aaa\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6253\u958b\u76d2\u5b50\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8c93\u7684\u300c\u751f\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6b7b\u300d\u7686\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5169\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u5171\u5b58\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u66e1\u52a0\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u96fb\u8166\uff0c\u904b\u7b97\u662f\u4ee5\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u7684\u300c<\/span>0<\/span>\u300d\u6216\u300c<\/span>1<\/span>\u300d\u70ba\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u55ae\u5143\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u628a\u96fb\u8166\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u70ba\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u300c\u66e1\u52a0\u300d\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u300c<\/span>0<\/span>\u300d\u6216\u300c<\/span>1<\/span>\u300d\u4e4b\u5916\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u904b\u7b97\u4e0a\u5c31\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8a71\u8aaa\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982<\/span>RSA<\/span>\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u6cd5<\/span>(<\/span>\u898b\u9644\u9304\u4e00\u7684\u7bc4\u5074<\/span>)<\/span>\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u9078\u5b9a\u5169\u500b\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8cea\u6578\uff0c\u7b97\u51fa\u8cea\u6578\u4e58\u7a4d\uff0c\u4e26\u4f9d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b97\u51fa\u516c\u9470\u548c\u79c1\u9470\uff0c\u5c0d\u65b9\u7528\u516c\u9470\u53ca\u8cea\u6578\u4e58\u7a4d\u5c07\u8cc7\u6599\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u800c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7528\u624b\u4e0a\u7684\u79c1\u9470\u548c\u8cea\u6578\u4e58\u7a4d\u9032\u884c\u89e3\u5bc6<\/span>(<\/span>\u53cd\u51fd\u6578\u904b\u7b97<\/span>)<\/span>\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u8981\u7531\u8cea\u6578\u4e58\u7a4d\u53cd\u7b97\u51fa\u662f\u54ea\u5169\u500b\u5927\u8cea\u6578\u4e58\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u662f\u56f0\u96e3<\/span>(<\/span>\u8cbb\u6642<\/span>)<\/span>\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5<\/span>RSA<\/span>\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u6cd5\u7b97\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u6f5b\u5728\u5f37\u5927\u904b\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166<\/span>(<\/span>\u5c1a\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u4e2d<\/span>)<\/span>\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c<\/span>RSA<\/span>\u5c31\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u5920\u5b89\u5168\u4e86\u3002\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u901a\u8a0a\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u6280\u8853\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1984<\/span>\u5e74\u767c\u4f48\u7684<\/span>BB84<\/span>\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u5354\u5b9a\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u91cf\u5b50\u5bc6\u9470\u5206\u767c<\/span>(Quantum key distribution, QKD)<\/span>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u6280\u8853\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u5229\u7528\u5149\u5b50\u7684<\/span>4<\/span>\u7a2e\u504f\u632f\u9001\u8a0a\u606f\u7d66\u5c0d\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u5176\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u7aca\u807d<\/span>(<\/span>\u5075\u6e2c<\/span>)<\/span>\u5149\u5b50\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u504f\u632f\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u50b3\u8f38\u8cc7\u6599\u8005\u5c31\u80fd\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u5075\u6e2c\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u5982\u679c\u767c\u9001\u65b9\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u5982\u679c\u96a8\u6a5f\u9078\u64c7\u300c\u57fa\u300d\uff0c\u5169\u65b9\u76f8\u5408\u7684\u504f\u632f\u4f9d\u7167\u6a5f\u7387\u61c9\u8a72\u63a5\u8fd1<\/span>50%<\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f4e\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u6c34\u6e96\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u88ab\u7aca\u807d<\/span>(<\/span>\u5075\u6e2c<\/span>)<\/span>\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u91cd\u767c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b49\u5bc6\u9470\u50b3\u9001\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/span>(<\/span>\u53c3\u7167\u9644\u9304\u4e8c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u91cf\u5b50\u5bc6\u78bc\u5c1a\u505c\u7559\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u6e2c\u8a66\u968e\u6bb5<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfe\u7e8f<\/span>(quantum entanglement)<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u300e\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfe\u7e8f\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5169\u500b\u6216\u8005\u5169\u500b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u4e8c\u8005\u8ddd\u96e2\u591a\u9ebc\u9059\u9060\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u4e5f\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u795e\u5947\u7684\u611f\u61c9\u3002<\/span>…….<\/span>\u300f<\/span>*<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfe\u7e8f\u5c31\u50cf\u5169\u500b\u9060\u8ddd\u7c92\u5b50\u9593\u300c\u5fc3\u6709\u9748\u7280\u4e00\u9ede\u901a\u300d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u5920\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u662f\u901a\u8a0a\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u7e3d\u7d50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u6f5b\u5728\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166<\/span>(<\/span>\u8a08\u7b97<\/span>)<\/span>\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u300e\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u4ee5\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u70ba\u57fa\u672c\u55ae\u5143\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u7684\u53d7\u63a7\u6f14\u5316\u5be6\u73fe\u6578\u64da\u7684\u5132\u5b58\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7d93\u5178\u8a08\u7b97\u7121\u6cd5\u6bd4\u64ec\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8a0a\u606f\u64d5\u5e36\u548c\u8d85\u5f37\u5e73\u884c\u8655\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u8655\u7406\u5668\u6709\u8d85\u5c0e\u3001\u96e2\u5b50\u9631\u3001\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u3001\u4e2d\u6027\u539f\u5b50\u3001\u5149\u91cf\u5b50\u3001\u91d1\u525b\u77f3\u8272\u5fc3\u548c\u62d3\u6a38\u7b49\u591a\u7a2e\u6280\u8853\u8def\u7dda\u3002<\/span>……<\/span>\u96e2\u5b50\u9631\u548c\u8d85\u5c0e\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u5df2\u7d93\u6b65\u5165\u5546\u7528\u3002<\/span>……<\/span>\u300f<\/span>* <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166<\/span>(<\/span>\u8a08\u7b97<\/span>)<\/span>\u6703\u5a01\u8105\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u5bb6\u6240\u4ef0\u8cf4\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u96b1\u79c1\u3001\u5546\u696d\u6a5f\u5bc6\u4ee5\u81f3\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u9020\u6210\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u8d85\u7d1a\u5927\u570b\u83ab\u4e0d\u7af6\u76f8\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u6295\u5165\u9245\u8cc7\u9032\u884c\u57fa\u790e\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ee5\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u96e2\u5b50\u9631\u6280\u8853\u5feb\u4e0a<\/span>1000<\/span>\u500d\u7684\u8d85\u5c0e\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u6975\u4f4e\u6eab\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u9032\u5834\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u9580\u7968\u4ee3\u50f9\u4e0d\u53ef\u8b02\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4e00\u76f4\u5230<\/span>1955<\/span>\u5e74\u901d\u4e16\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfe\u7e8f\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ea\u662f\u7576\u6642\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0d\u5920\u5b8c\u5099\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u67d0\u7a2e\u7684\u96a8\u6a5f\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u8aaa\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u64f2\u9ab0\u5b50\u300d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u537b\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8b49\u5be6\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u6703\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u5916\u4f86\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf<\/span>(<\/span>\u89c0\u5bdf<\/span>)<\/span>\u7684\u300c\u5e72\u64fe\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u7576\u5e74\u73bb\u723e\u56de\u61c9\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u300c\u5225\u544a\u8a34\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4ed6\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u9053\u7406\u5594\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4eba\u985e\u8271\u56f0\u5730\u60f3\u5229\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u66e1\u52a0\u548c\u7cfe\u7e92\u7684\u5fae\u89c0\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4f86\u589e\u52a0\u904b\u7b97\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5728\u4e00\u671b\u7121\u969b\u7684\u6c99\u7058\u64bf\u62fe\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\u5409\u5149\u7247\u7fbd\u7684\u5967\u79d8\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u7d42\u7a76\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6536\u7a6b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u6559\u6703\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u4e92\u76f8\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u8b19\u5351\u55ce\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5fc5\u544a\u8a34\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7942\u8a72\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u63d0\u9192\u81ea\u5df1\u8a72\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u7576\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u9084\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u7121\u6578\u4ee4\u4eba\u9f52\u51b7\u7121\u8a00\u7684\u6bba\u622e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8877\u5fc3\u5e0c\u671b\u5148\u64bf\u6301\u5230\u90a3\u5409\u5149\u7247\u7fbd\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u662f\u4efb\u6027\u7684\u84bc\u8805\u738b\u624d\u597d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

*<\/span>\uff1a\u300a\u5225\u544a\u8a34\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7942\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u300b\uff0c\u9673\u6839<\/span> <\/span>\u8457<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2022\/6\/10 <\/span>\u5225\u544a\u8a34\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7942\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u505a<\/span> Damakey<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u9644\u9304\u4e00\u3001<\/span>RSA<\/span>\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zed <\/span>\u548c<\/span> Abigail <\/span>\u5169\u5144\u59b9\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u500b\u9280\u884c\u6236\u982d\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5206\u5225\u4f4f\u5728\u5169\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c<\/span>Zed <\/span>\u6700\u8fd1\u525b\u628a\u5bc6\u78bc\u6539\u6210<\/span>1482<\/span>\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u628a\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u52a0\u5bc6\u5f8c\u7528<\/span>email<\/span>\u9001\u7d66\u59b9\u59b9<\/span>Abigail<\/span>\u3002<\/span>Zed <\/span>\u548c<\/span> Abigail <\/span>\u4e4b\u524d\u4e26\u672a\u5171\u4eab\u904e\u5bc6\u9470\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u5171\u4eab\u5bc6\u78bc\u7684<\/span>AES<\/span>\u52a0\u89e3\u5bc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zed <\/span>\u548c<\/span> Abigail <\/span>\u5c31\u7528\u4e86<\/span>RSA<\/span>\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\u662f\u7531<\/span>Abigail <\/span>\u7522\u751f\u516c\u9300\u548c\u79c1\u9300\uff0c\u516c\u9300\u5bc4\u7d66\u54e5\u54e5<\/span>Zed<\/span>\uff0c\u79c1\u9470\u81ea\u5df1\u4fdd\u7559\u8457\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9a5f<\/span>1<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Abigail <\/span>\u9078\u64c7<\/span>2<\/span>\u500b\u8cea\u6578\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u662f<\/span>97<\/span>\u548c<\/span>113<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9a5f<\/span>2<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Abigail <\/span>\u53d6\u5f97\u8cea\u6578\u4e58\u7a4d<\/span>=97*113=10961<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9a5f<\/span>3<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Abigail <\/span>\u7b97\u51fa\u8cea\u6578\u4e58\u7a4d<\/span> 10961<\/span>\u7684<\/span>totient<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Totient <\/span>\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff1a\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57<\/span>N<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u7684<\/span>totient <\/span>\u5c31\u662f\u6bd4\u6578\u5b57<\/span>N<\/span>\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8207<\/span>N<\/span>\u4e92\u8cea\u4e4b\u6578\u5b57\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u56e0\u70ba<\/span>Abigail <\/span>\u77e5\u9053<\/span>10961 <\/span>\u662f\u8cea\u6578<\/span>97<\/span>\u548c<\/span>113<\/span>\u7684\u4e58\u7a4d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5<\/span>10961<\/span>\u7684<\/span>totient <\/span>\u5c31\u662f\u8cea\u6578\u5404\u6e1b<\/span>1<\/span>\u7684\u4e58\u7a4d\uff0c<\/span>(97-1)•(113-1)=10752<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053<\/span>10961 <\/span>\u662f\u8cea\u6578<\/span>97<\/span>\u548c<\/span>113<\/span>\u7684\u4e58\u7a4d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u5f97\u8cbb\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u529f\u592b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u90a3\u500b\u8cea\u6578\u4e58\u7a4d\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u8981\u7b97\u51fa<\/span>totient <\/span>\u5728\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9a5f<\/span>4<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Abigail <\/span>\u9078\u64c7\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u689d\u4ef6\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1. <\/span>\u5927\u65bc<\/span>1<\/span><\/p>\n

2. <\/span>\u5c0f\u65bc<\/span>totient <\/span><\/p>\n

3. <\/span>\u8207<\/span>totient <\/span>\u4e92\u8cea<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5047\u8a2d<\/span>Abigail <\/span>\u9078\u64c7\u4e86<\/span>5<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Abigail <\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528<\/span>email <\/span>\u628a<\/span>5<\/span>\u5206\u4eab\u7d66<\/span>Zed<\/span>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u516c\u9470\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9a5f<\/span>5<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Abigail <\/span>\u5fc5\u9808\u9078\u64c7\u4e00\u500b\u79c1\u9470\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u628a<\/span>totient <\/span>\u7684\u6574\u6578\u500d\u52a0<\/span>1<\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u516c\u9470\u6574\u9664\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5546\u6578\u5c31\u662f\u79c1\u9470\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c<\/span>(10752*2+1)\/5=4301….0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5<\/span>4301<\/span>\u5c31\u662f\u79c1\u9470\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u54e5\u54e5<\/span>Zed <\/span>\u63a5\u5230<\/span> <\/span>\u59b9\u59b9<\/span>Abigail <\/span>\u7528<\/span>email <\/span>\u9001\u4f86\u7684\u8cea\u6578\u4e58\u7a4d<\/span> 10961 <\/span>\u548c\u516c\u9300<\/span>5<\/span>\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0d\u8981\u8207\u59b9\u59b9\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc<\/span>1482<\/span>\u9032\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9a5f<\/span>1 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zed <\/span>\u5c07\u5bc6\u78bc<\/span>1482<\/span>\u81ea\u6211\u9023\u7e8c\u4e58\uff0c\u6b21\u6578\u4f9d\u7167\u516c\u9300\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1482^5=7148929565430432<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9a5f<\/span> 2<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5c07\u6b65\u9a5f<\/span>1<\/span>\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u9664\u4ee5\u8cea\u6578\u4e58\u7a4d\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u9918\u6578\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

7148929565430432 mod 10962 = 2122<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2122 <\/span>\u5c31\u662f<\/span>1482<\/span>\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c<\/span>Zed <\/span>\u628a<\/span>2122<\/span>\u5bc4\u7d66<\/span> Abigail<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9a5f<\/span> 3<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Abigail <\/span>\u7528\u79c1\u9470\u89e3\u5bc6\uff1a\u7528\u5bc6\u6587<\/span>2122<\/span>\u70ba\u5e95\uff0c\u79c1\u9470<\/span>4301<\/span>\u70ba\u6307\u6578\uff0c\u7b97\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5929\u6587\u6578\u5b57\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5929\u6587\u6578\u5b57<\/span>=2122^4301<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9a5f<\/span> 4<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5929\u6587\u6578\u5b57\u9664\u4ee5\u8cea\u6578\u4e58\u7a4d\u7684\u9918\u6578\uff0c\u5c31\u662f<\/span>1482<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(2122^4301) mod 10962=1482 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1482 <\/span>\u5c31\u662f<\/span>Zed<\/span>\u8981\u8ddf<\/span>Abigail <\/span>\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u4e86\u3002\u89e3\u5bc6\u5b8c\u6210\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

RSA<\/span>\u7684\u52a0\u6e1b\u5bc6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u900f\u904e\u96fb\u8166\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6536\u53d7\u5bc6\u6587\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u500b\u8cea\u6578\u4e58\u7a4d\u662f\u7531\u54ea\u5169\u500b\u8cea\u6578\u76f8\u4e58\u800c\u5f97\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8cea\u6578\u4e58\u7a4d\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u8981\u627e\u51fa\u5b83\u7684<\/span>Totient<\/span>\u5728\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0a\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u6cc1\u4e14\u99ed\u5ba2\u4e5f\u7121\u5f9e\u77e5\u9053\u79c1\u9470\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zed <\/span>\u548c<\/span>Abigail <\/span>\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u50b3\u8f38\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u6536\u53d7\u65b9\u5148\u7522\u751f\u516c\u9300\u548c\u79c1\u9300\uff0c\u628a\u516c\u9470\u548c\u8cea\u6578\u4e58\u7a4d\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u660e\u6587\u8207\u767c\u9001\u65b9\u5206\u4eab\u3002\u767c\u9001\u65b9\u7528\u516c\u9300\u548c\u8cea\u6578\u4e58\u7a4d\u628a\u96fb\u6587\u52a0\u5bc6\u70ba\u5bc6\u6587\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u9001\u7d66\u6536\u53d7\u65b9\u3002\u6536\u53d7\u6536\u5230\u5bc6\u6587\u518d\u7528\u79c1\u9470\u548c\u6307\u6578\u4e58\u7a4d\u89e3\u5bc6\u3002\u5169\u65b9\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5171\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u52a0\u89e3\u5bc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u9644\u9304\u4e8c\u3001<\/span>BB84<\/span>\u5354\u5b9a<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5047\u5982\u662f<\/span>Alice <\/span>\u8981\u628a\u5bc6\u9470\u9001\u7d66<\/span>Bob(<\/span>\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u50b3\u8f38\u3002<\/span>Alice<\/span>\u96a8\u6a5f\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u4f4d\u5143\uff08<\/span>0<\/span>\u6216<\/span>1<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u96a8\u6a5f\u9078\u64c7\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\uff08<\/span>“+”<\/span>\u6216<\/span>“×”<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f86\u88fd\u5099\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u3002\u5982\u5de6\u5074\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u57fa<\/span>“+”<\/span>\u6642\u628a\u4f4d\u5143<\/span>0<\/span>\u88fd\u5099\u6210<\/span>↑<\/span>\uff0c\u628a\u4f4d\u5143<\/span>1<\/span>\u88fd\u5099\u6210<\/span>→<\/span>\uff1b\u9078\u64c7\u57fa<\/span>“×”<\/span>\u6642\uff0c\u628a\u4f4d\u5143<\/span>0<\/span>\u88fd\u5099\u6210<\/span>\u2197<\/span>\uff0c\u628a\u4f4d\u5143<\/span>1<\/span>\u88fd\u5099\u6210<\/span>\u2198<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u57fa<\/span>  <\/span>0  <\/span>1<\/span><\/p>\n

————<\/span><\/p>\n

+   <\/span>↑  <\/span>→<\/span><\/p>\n

×   <\/span>\u2197  <\/span>\u2198<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u504f\u632f\u614b\u88ab\u88fd\u5099\u597d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c<\/span>Alice<\/span>\u628a\u9019\u500b\u5149\u5b50\u901a\u904e\u91cf\u5b50\u983b\u9053\u50b3\u9001\u7d66<\/span>Bob<\/span>\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\u91cd\u8907\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u591a\u6b21\u3002<\/span>Bob<\/span>\u4e26\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053<\/span>Alice<\/span>\u88fd\u5099\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u6642\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u54ea\u7a2e\u57fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u96a8\u6a5f\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u57fa\uff08<\/span>“+”<\/span>\u6216<\/span>“×”<\/span>\uff09\u4f86\u6e2c\u91cf\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u3002<\/span>Bob<\/span>\u6e2c\u91cf\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u8a18\u9304\u6240\u9078\u7684\u57fa\u548c\u6e2c\u91cf\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/span>Bob<\/span>\u6e2c\u91cf\u904e\u6240\u6709\u5149\u5b50\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8207<\/span>Alice<\/span>\u901a\u904e\u516c\u5171\u53e4\u5178\u983b\u9053\u806f\u7d61\u3002<\/span>Alice<\/span>\u516c\u5e03\u88fd\u5099\u6bcf\u500b\u5149\u5b50\u6642\u6240\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u57fa\u3002<\/span>Alice<\/span>\u548c<\/span>Bob<\/span>\u5c0d\u6bd4\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u57fa\uff0c\u6368\u68c4\u90a3\u4e9b\u96d9\u65b9\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u7684\u4f4d\u5143\uff08\u4e00\u534a\u5de6\u53f3\uff09\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4f4d\u5143\u9084\u539f\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5171\u6709\u7684\u91d1\u9470\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Alice <\/span>\u96a8\u6a5f\u4f4d\u5143<\/span>                    <\/span>0   <\/span>1   <\/span>1  <\/span>0  <\/span>1  <\/span>0   <\/span>0  <\/span>1<\/span><\/p>\n

Alice <\/span>\u96a8\u6a5f\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u57fa<\/span>            <\/span>+   <\/span>+  <\/span>x  <\/span>+  <\/span>x  <\/span>x   <\/span>x  <\/span>+<\/span><\/p>\n

Alice <\/span>\u6240\u50b3\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u504f\u614b<\/span>        <\/span>↑ →  <\/span>\u2198 ↑ \u2198 \u2197  <\/span>\u2197 →<\/span><\/p>\n

Bob<\/span>\u96a8\u6a5f\u9078\u64c7\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684<\/span>          <\/span>+   <\/span>x   <\/span>x  <\/span>x  <\/span>+  <\/span>x  <\/span>+  <\/span>+<\/span><\/p>\n

Bob<\/span>\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u504f\u632f\u614b<\/span>  <\/span>↑  <\/span>\u2197  <\/span>\u2198 \u2197 → \u2197 → →<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u516c\u5171\u983b\u9053\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6bd4\u57fa<\/span>          <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5171\u6709\u7684\u91d1\u9470<\/span>                           <\/span>0       <\/span>1          <\/span>0       <\/span>1<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—— <\/span>\u5168\u6587\u5b8c<\/span> ——-<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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