{"id":758,"date":"2022-06-29T11:26:03","date_gmt":"2022-06-29T03:26:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=758"},"modified":"2023-05-24T16:55:41","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T08:55:41","slug":"ph%e5%80%bc%e5%92%8c%e4%ba%9e%e4%bd%9b%e5%8a%a0%e5%8e%a5%e5%b8%b8%e6%95%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=758","title":{"rendered":"pH\u503c\u548c\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\u5e38\u6578"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/a>
<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1909<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4e39\u9ea5\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u745f\u502b\uff0e\u7d22\u4efb\u751f<\/span>(SØren Peder Lauritz)<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u7528\u300c<\/span>pH<\/span>\u300d<\/span>(power of hydrogenion <\/span>\u6216\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7684<\/span>pondus hydrogenii)<\/span>\u4f86\u8861\u91cf\u9178\u9e7c\u503c\u3002<\/span>*<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u300c<\/span>H<\/span>\u300d\u4ee3\u8868\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50<\/span>(H+)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u745f\u502b\uff0e\u7d22\u4efb\u751f\u672c\u4f86\u662f\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u8981\u505a\u5be6\u9a57\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50<\/span>(H+)<\/span>\u7684\u6fc3\u5ea6\u5c0d\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u9175\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50<\/span>(H+)<\/span>\u7684\u6fc3\u5ea6\u6e2c\u91cf\u51fa\u4f86\u6578\u5b57\u90fd\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5beb\u51fa\u4f86\u5728\u5c0f\u6578\u9ede\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u96f6\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u95b2\u8b80\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5c07\u90a3\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u53d6\u4e86\u5c0d\u6578\u4e26\u52a0\u4e0a\u8ca0\u865f<\/span>*<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

pH=-log<\/span>[<\/span>H+<\/span>]\uff1b[<\/span>H+<\/span>]\u70ba\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u9ad4\u7a4d\u83ab\u8033\u6fc3\u5ea6<\/span>**<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u9019\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u901a\u7528\u7684\u9178\u9e7c\u503c\u516c\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u9ad4\u7a4d\u83ab\u8033\u6fc3\u5ea6<\/span>=mol(<\/span>\u6eb6\u8cea\u83ab\u8033\u6578<\/span>)\/<\/span>\u516c\u5347<\/span>(<\/span>\u6eb6\u6db2\u9ad4\u7a4d<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1 mol(<\/span>\u83ab\u8033<\/span>)= 6.02214078(18)×10^23<\/span>\u500b\u7c92\u5b50<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u800c\u9019\u500b<\/span>6.02214078(18)×10^23<\/span>\u6578\u5b57\u53eb\u505a\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\u5e38\u6578\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7528\u96fb\u5b50\u96fb\u8377\u91cf\u53cd\u63a8\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u300e<\/span>1911<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u5bc6\u7acb\u6839\u6cb9\u6ef4\u5be6\u9a57\u6e2c\u51fa\u6bcf\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u5e36\u96fb\u91cf\u70ba<\/span>1.6×10^-19<\/span>\uff0c\u65b9\u53ef\u64da\u4ee5\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u8f03\u6e96\u78ba\u7684\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\u5e38\u6578\u3002<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5229\u7528\u96fb\u934d\u6cd5\u5f97\u77e5\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u516c\u514b\u7684\u9285\u539f\u5b50\u6240\u9700\u7684\u96fb\u91cf\u70ba<\/span>3037<\/span>\u5eab\u4f96\uff0c\u5df1\u77e5\u9285\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u70ba<\/span>63.5<\/span>\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u9285\u96e2\u5b50\u5e36\u4e8c\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\u6b63\u96fb\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u64da\u4ee5\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u6bcf\u83ab\u8033\u9285\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u500b\u6578\u3008\u5373\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\u5e38\u6578\u3009<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu <\/span>\u300f<\/span>***<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\u5e38\u6578\u4f9d\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u96fb\u8377\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u70ba<\/span>6.026*10^23 = 3037\/(2*63.5)\/(1.6*10^-19)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5f8c\u4f86\u6709\u66f4\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728<\/span>2011<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>1<\/span>\u6708\u6642\u767c\u8868\u7684\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\u5e38\u6578\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u6578\u503c\uff0c\u70ba<\/span>6.02214078(18)×10^23 (<\/span>\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u300e\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\u5e38\u6578\u4ee5<\/span>19<\/span>\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\u7684\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u963f\u83ab\u8fea\u6b50·\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u5728<\/span>1811<\/span>\u5e74\u4ed6\u7387\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u9ad4\u7a4d\uff08\u5728\u67d0\u6eab\u5ea6\u8207\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\uff09\u8207\u6240\u542b\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u6578\u91cf\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u8207\u8a72\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u7121\u95dc\u300f<\/span>* ** <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\u5e38\u6578\u4e26\u975e\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u7d00\u5ff5\u4ed6\u3002\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\u6578\u9996\u5148\u7531\u6cd5\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u8b93·\u4f69\u862d\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/span>……<\/span>\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba<\/span>12<\/span>\u514b\u78b3<\/span>-12 <\/span>\u6240\u542b\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6578\u91cf\u3002\u8a72\u8ca2\u737b\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u8b93·\u4f69\u862d\u5728<\/span>1926<\/span>\u5e74\u5f97\u5230\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002<\/span>(<\/span>\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u628a\u5143\u7d20\u7528<\/span>6.02214078(18)×10^23 <\/span>\u500b\u539f\u5b50<\/span>\/<\/span>\u5206\u5b50\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u800c\u8861\u91cf\u5b83\u7684\u7e3d\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf<\/span>\/<\/span>\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H <\/span>\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf<\/span>=1    <\/span>(6.02214078(18)×10^23 <\/span>\u500b<\/span>H<\/span>\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u91cd\u91cf<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

C <\/span>\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf<\/span>=12  <\/span>(6.02214078(18)×10^23 <\/span>\u500b<\/span>C<\/span>\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u91cd\u91cf<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

O <\/span>\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf<\/span>=16  <\/span>(6.02214078(18)×10^23 <\/span>\u500b<\/span>O<\/span>\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u91cd\u91cf<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

S <\/span>\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf<\/span>=32  <\/span>(6.02214078(18)×10^23 <\/span>\u500b<\/span>S<\/span>\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u91cd\u91cf<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7d44\u6210\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u4e4b\u76f8\u5c0d\u500d\u6578\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H2O<\/span>\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf<\/span>=18 (=2*1+1*16)<\/span><\/p>\n

C6H12O6<\/span>\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf<\/span>=180 (=6*12+12*1+6*16) <\/span><\/p>\n

H2SO4<\/span>\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf<\/span>=98 (=2*1+1*32+4*16)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u56de\u5230\u9178\u9e7c\u503c\u7684\u6e2c\u5ea6\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

pH=-log<\/span>[<\/span>H+<\/span>]\uff1b[<\/span>H+<\/span>]\u70ba\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u9ad4\u7a4d\u83ab\u8033\u6fc3\u5ea6<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6e2c\u91cf\u6bcf\u516c\u5347\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u83ab\u8033\u6578\u7684\u5c0d\u6578\u503c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u8ca0\u865f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[<\/span>H+<\/span>]<\/span>=10^-1 pH=1<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>H+<\/span>]<\/span>=10^-2 pH=2<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>H+<\/span>]<\/span>=10^-3 pH=3<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>H+<\/span>]<\/span>=10^-4 pH=4<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>H+<\/span>]<\/span>=10^-5 pH=5<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>H+<\/span>]<\/span>=10^-6 pH=6<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>H+<\/span>]<\/span>=10^-7 pH=7<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>H+<\/span>]<\/span>=10^-8 pH=8<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>H+<\/span>]<\/span>=10^-9 pH=9<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>H+<\/span>]<\/span>=10^-10 pH=10<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>H+<\/span>]<\/span>=10^-11 pH=11<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>H+<\/span>]<\/span>=10^-12 pH=12<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>H+<\/span>]<\/span>=10^-13 pH=13<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>H+<\/span>]<\/span>=10^-14 pH=14<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

PH<\/span>\u503c\u70ba<\/span>7<\/span>\u662f\u4e2d\u6027<\/span>(<\/span>\u4f46\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u5e38\u6eab<\/span>(25<\/span>\u5ea6<\/span>C)<\/span>\u5e38\u58d3<\/span>(1<\/span>\u5927\u6c23\u58d3<\/span>)<\/span>\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u628a\u6eab\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230<\/span>100<\/span>\u5ea6<\/span>C<\/span>\uff0c\u539f\u4f86<\/span>pH<\/span>\u503c\u70ba<\/span>7<\/span>\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u6e2c\u91cf\u51fa\u4f86\u7684<\/span>pH<\/span>\u503c\u6703\u8b8a\u6210<\/span>6<\/span>\u5de6\u53f3<\/span>)*<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6c2b\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u6fc3\u5ea6\u6108\u5927<\/span>(<\/span>[<\/span>H+<\/span>]\u6108\u5927<\/span>)<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>pH<\/span>\u503c\u6108\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6eb6\u6db2\u6108\u9178\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u56e0\u70ba\u5df2\u7d93\u53d6\u4e86\u4ee5<\/span>10<\/span>\u70ba\u5e95\u7684\u5c0d\u6578\u503c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5<\/span>pH<\/span>\u503c\u6bcf\u76f8\u5dee<\/span>1<\/span>\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u9178\u9e7c\u503c\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u5dee\u4e0a<\/span>10<\/span>\u500d\u7684\u3002\u8b6c\u5982<\/span>pH=5<\/span>\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u5c31\u6bd4<\/span>pH6<\/span>\u7684\u9178\u4e0a<\/span>10<\/span>\u500d\u3002<\/span>pH=9<\/span>\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u5c31\u6bd4<\/span>pH=8<\/span>\u7684\u9e7c\u4e0a<\/span>10<\/span>\u500d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5<\/span>pH<\/span>\u503c\u76f8\u5dee<\/span>1<\/span>\uff0c\u9178\u9e7c\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5dee\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u662f<\/span>10<\/span>\u500d\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u5594\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

*<\/span>\uff1a\u3008\u8ab2\u672c\u5ef6\u9577\u7dda<\/span>–PH<\/span>\u503c\u600e\u9ebc\u4f86<\/span>?<\/span>\u3009\uff0c<\/span>hami <\/span>\u66f8\u57ce\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6458\u9304\u81ea<\/span>‎<\/span>\u3008<\/span>PH<\/span>\u503c\u600e\u9ebc\u4f86<\/span>?<\/span>\u3009\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b78\u751f\u5831\uff0c<\/span>2019\/<\/span>\u7b2c<\/span>330<\/span>\u671f<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

**<\/span>\uff1a\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u300b\uff0c\u9673\u5927\u70ba<\/span> <\/span>\u738b\u660a<\/span> <\/span>\u8a31\u5a01<\/span> <\/span>\u738b\u7ff0<\/span> <\/span>\u8457<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

***<\/span>\uff1a\u3008\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\u5e38\u6578\u7684\u7531\u4f86\u3009\uff0c\u9ed1\u91d1<\/span>Shark<\/span>\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u5340\uff0c<\/span>3<\/span>\u6708<\/span> 31, 2019<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2022\/6\/29 pH<\/span>\u503c\u548c\u4e9e\u4f5b\u52a0\u53a5\u5e38\u6578<\/span> Damakey<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  1909\u5e74\uff0c\u4e39\u9ea5\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u745f\u502b\uff0e\u7d22\u4efb\u751f(S&O…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=758"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/758\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19802,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/758\/revisions\/19802"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=758"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}