{"id":6112,"date":"2009-06-29T13:48:00","date_gmt":"2009-06-29T05:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=6112"},"modified":"2023-05-22T17:23:50","modified_gmt":"2023-05-22T09:23:50","slug":"complications%e3%80%82%e9%86%ab%e7%94%9f%e4%b9%9f%e6%9c%83%e7%8a%af%e9%8c%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=6112","title":{"rendered":"Complications\u3002\u91ab\u751f\u4e5f\u6703\u72af\u932f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u4f5c\u8005<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">Atul Gawande <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u751f\u7684\u89aa\u8eab\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u63ed\u958b\u5728\u91ab\u751f\u990a\u6210\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u5ae9\u7684\u5916\u79d1\u5be6\u7fd2\u91ab\u751f\u5411\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u52d5\u5200\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b78\u7fd2\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u8853\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u592a\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u8aa0\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u5be6\u7fd2\u91ab\u751f\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u8cc7\u6df1\u7684\u4e3b\u6cbb\u91ab\u751f\u7684\u76e3\u7763\u6307\u5c0e\u4e0b\u4f86\u57f7\u5200\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u990a\u6210\u80fd\u7368\u7576\u4e00\u9762\u7684\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u8b93\u5be6\u7fd2\u91ab\u5e2b\u53ca\u65e9\u6709\u5be6\u52d9\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u7dad\u6301\u91ab\u7642\u54c1\u8cea\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u96d6\u7136<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">Atul<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u767c\u751f\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u662f\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b &ndash; <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">Atul<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u51fa\u751f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6df1\u77e5\u5be6\u7fd2\u91ab\u5e2b\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u4f5c\u696d\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u4e5f\u5805\u6301\u7531\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u4e3b\u6cbb\u91ab\u751f\u4f86\u770b\u8a3a\uff0c\u800c\u5a49\u62d2\u4e86\u5be6\u7fd2\u91ab\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u600e\u6703\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5967\u5999\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8853\u5f8c\u6062\u5fa9\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u8ab0\u6703\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u5be6\u9019\u7576\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u624b\u8853\u662f\u5be6\u7fd2\u91ab\u751f\u5728\u4e3b\u6cbb\u91ab\u751f\u7684\u76e3\u7763\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4e8b\u5148\u5fb5\u5f97\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u610f\u3002<\/span>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/06\/477970262_m.jpg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\u9996\u91cd\u5be6\u969b\u64cd\u5200\u7684<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u6b21\u6578\u8207<\/span>\u719f\u7df4\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u8ce6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7576\u7136\u6709\u4eba\u5929\u8ce6\u624b\u8173\u4fd0\u843d\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u719f\u8a18\u624b\u8853\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u5c0d\u624b\u8853\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387\u6703\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u4f46\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u662f\u719f\u7df4\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u751f\u7684\u826f\u7ab3\u3002\u9019\u8ddf\u4e16\u754c\u7d1a\u7684\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u5bb6\u3001\u68cb\u85dd\u9ad8\u624b\u3001\u8077\u696d\u6e9c\u51b0\u9078\u624b\u3001\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8207\u5176\u5b83\u8f03\u5e73\u5eb8\u7684\u540c\u5115\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7df4\u7fd2\u3002<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5728\u4e00\u842c\u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u6f14\u7df4\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u8f03\u53ef\u80fd\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7d1a\u9ad8\u624b\uff0c\u8a73\u898b<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">Outliers)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3002\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u751f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font color=\"#000080\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\"><b>Atul<\/b><\/font><b>\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u751f\u990a\u6210\u8a18\u9304<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\uff0c\u7f85\u99ac\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5929\u9020\u6210\u7684<\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u524d\u516d\u500b\u6708<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">1. <\/font>\u95cc\u5c3e\u5207\u9664 <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Appendectomies)<\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">2. <\/font>\u76ae\u819a\u79fb\u690d <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Skin grafts)<\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">3. <\/font>\u96b1\u776a\u75c7\u4fee\u88dc <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Hernia repairs)<\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">4. <\/font>\u4e73\u623f\u5207\u9664 <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Mastectomies)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><\/font><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u516d\u500b\u6708\u81f3<\/span>\u4e00\u5e74<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u9593<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">1. <\/font>\u622a\u80a2 <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Limb amputations)<\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">2. <\/font>\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d50\u5207\u7247 <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Lymph node biopsies)<\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">3. <\/font>\u75d4\u7621\u5207\u9664 <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Haemorrhoidectomies)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><\/font><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u4e00\u5e74\u81f3\u5169\u5e74\u9593<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">1. <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u6c23\u5207 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Tracheotomies)<\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">2. <\/font>\u5c0f\u8178\u624b\u8853 <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Bowel operations)<\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">3. <\/font>\u81bd\u56ca\u8179\u8154\u93e1\u624b\u8853 <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Laparoscopic gallbladder operations)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><\/font><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u4e03\u5e74\u8cc7\u6b77<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">1. <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u8179\u4e3b\u52d5\u8108\u7624 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Abdominal aortic aneurysms)<\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">2. <\/font>\u80f0\u81df\u764c <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Pancreatic cancer)<\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">3. <\/font>\u9838\u52d5\u8108\u4e3b\u585e <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Blocked carotid arteries)<\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">4. <\/font>\u7d50\u8178\u764c <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Colon cancer)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u4ed6\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u8853\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u5728\u57f7\u5200\u5f8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u624d\u9054\u5230\u5dd4\u5cf0\u3002<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u72af\u904e\u4e0d\u5c11\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u6c23\u5207\u624b\u8853\u6642\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u54bd\u5589\u4e0b\u6a6b\u5207\u5230\u8840\u7ba1\uff0c\u53c8\u56e0\u5149\u7dda\u592a\u6697\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5c07\u6c27\u6c23\u7ba1\u901a\u5230\u6c23\u7ba1\u88cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u53ca\u6642\u6c42\u52a9\u4e3b\u6cbb\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u7d93\u904e\u4e09\u5206\u9418\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u7121\u6548\uff0c\u624d\u627e\u4f86\u4e3b\u6cbb\u91ab\u751f\u3002\u4e3b\u6cbb\u91ab\u751f\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u54bd\u5589\u4e0b\u7a7f\u5165\u6c27\u6c23\u7ba1\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u5728\u8a66\u7531\u53e3\u8154\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u5f88\u5e78\u904b\u5230\u4e86\u6c23\u7ba1\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8166\u888b\u7f3a\u6c27\u8d85\u904e\u4e09\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u6703\u6709\u8166\u6b7b\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u3002\u6240\u5e78\u904b\u6c23\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u8853\u5f8c\u7adf\u7136\u5947\u8e5f\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5eb7\u5fa9\u3002\u4e3b\u6cbb\u91ab\u751f\u5728\u4e8b\u5f8c\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\uff0c\u6025\u6551\u7684\u6c23\u5207\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u662f\u76f4\u5411\u5207\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5207\u5230\u8840\u7ba1\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u6709\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u53ca\u6642\u627e\u4e3b\u6cbb\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u5728\u7f3a\u6c27\u4e09\u5206\u9418\u4e4b\u5f8c\u8166\u7d30\u80de\u6703\u53d7\u640d\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u3002\u5728\u91ab\u9662\u7684\u6aa2\u8a0e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u6cbb\u91ab\u751f\u4e00\u79c9\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u4e00\u80a9\u6311\u8d77\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7576\u6642\u61c9\u5c07\u4ed6\u6b63\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u624b\u8853\u653e\u4e0b\u4ea4\u7531\u5176\u5b83\u91ab\u751f\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u6211\u6aa2\u8a0e\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8981\u99ac\u4e0a\u99b3\u63f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font color=\"#000080\"><b>\u91ab\u751f\u4e5f\u6703\u72af\u932f<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u6839\u64da<font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">1991<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5e74<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">New England Journal of Medicine <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7a31\u70ba<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">Harvard Medical Practice Study <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4e09\u842c\u540d\u4f4f\u9662\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">4%<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7684\u4eba\u56e0\u4e0d\u7576\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u6240\u7522\u751f\u56b4\u91cd\u5f8c\u679c<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Complications) <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5ef6\u5f8c\u75ca\u7652\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7d42\u751f\u6b98\u969c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5728\u9019<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">4%<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u7167\u8b77\u4e0d\u7576\uff0c<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">1% <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u7f6a\u8b49\u78ba\u947f\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u8207\u758f\u5ffd\u6240\u9020\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u5982\u679c<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u767c\u751f\u5728\u65bc\u91ab\u8853\u8f03\u5dee\u7684\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u5c31\u932f\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u751f\u5728\u597d\u91ab\u751f\u8207\u5dee\u52c1\u7684\u91ab\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7adf\u5448\u73fe\u5e38\u614b\u7684\u5206\u4f48\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u986f\u8457\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5c0d<\/span>\u4e0d\u7576\u7684\u91ab\u7642<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7684\u6551\u6fdf\u4e00\u5411\u6c92\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5c0d\u4f4e\u65bc\u6c34\u6e96\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u53ea\u6709<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">2%<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u88ab\u7533\u8a34\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u7576\u91ab\u7642\u7684\uff0c\u537b\u5c11\u4e4b\u53c8\u5c11\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5c0d\u7c3f\u516c\u5802\uff0c\u91ab\u75c5\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u76f8\u7576\u5bb9\u6613\u6d41\u65bc\u7fa9\u6c23\u4e4b\u722d\uff0c\u91ab\u751f\u66f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u516c\u958b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6216\u627f\u8a8d\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u75c5\u60a3\u8981\u8d0f\u5f97\u5b98\u53f8\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u8a72\u91ab\u7642\u884c\u70ba\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u8003\u616e\u8a72\u5f8c\u679c\u662f\u5426\u662f\u75be\u75c5\u6216\u7167\u8b77\u6240\u7121\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u5728<font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">Atul <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u91ab\u9662\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6aa2\u8a0e\u91ab\u7642\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u91ab\u5e2b\u5fc5\u9808\u5c07\u5404\u7a2e\u7591\u96e3\u96dc\u75c7\u5728\u8a72\u6703\u8b70\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u91ab\u751f\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u6703\u8b70\u4e2d\u6aa2\u8a0e\u81ea\u5df1\u4e26\u5b78\u7fd2\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6703\u8b70\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u57f9\u990a\u51fa\u5c0d\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f9e\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u6aa2\u8a0e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u4e8b\u8005\u52c7\u65bc\u4efb\u4e8b\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u8b00\u6c42\u672a\u4f86\u9810\u9632\u4e4b\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font color=\"#000080\"><b><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7576\u597d\u91ab\u751f\u8b8a\u6210\u58de<\/span>\u91ab\u751f<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u5728\u3127\u822c\u7684\u5c31\u696d\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7d04\u6709<font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">32%<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5\uff1a\u6182\u9b31\u3001\u72c2\u4e82\u3001\u6050\u614c\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u55d1\u85e5\u3002\u5728\u57f7\u696d\u7684\u91ab\u751f\u4e2d\u7d04<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">3%-5% <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u56e0\u70ba\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u7e7c\u7e8c\u770b\u8a3a\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u62ec\u58d3\u529b\u3001\u96e2\u5a5a\u3001\u904e\u5ea6\u60b2\u50b7\u3001\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5f15\u8d77\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5\u8af8\u5982\uff1a\u6182\u9b31 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Depression)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3001\u8e81\u9b31\u75c7 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Bipolar disorder)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3001\u5438\u6bd2 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Drug)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3001\u9157\u9152 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Alcohol)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3001\u55d1\u85e5 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Drug)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3001\u6c89\u8ff7\u60e1\u7fd2 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Addition)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Psychosis)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u5f9e\u75c5\u60a3\u62b1\u6028\u8207\u8a34\u8a1f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u7aef\u502a\u3002<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u75c7\u72c0\u7684\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u66ab\u6642\u6b47\u696d\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u8f14\u5c0e\u8207\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u7e7c\u7e8c\u52dd\u4efb\u91ab\u7642\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8f14\u5c0e\u8207\u6aa2\u67e5\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u9762\u8ac7\u3001\u9a57\u8840\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u8b6c\u5982\u662f\u5426\u6c89\u8ff7\u8ced\u535a\u3001\u662f\u5426\u60a3\u6050\u614c\u75c7 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">&#8211; Paranoid schizophrenia<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7b49\u7b49<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u4e00<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u822c\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u6297\u58d3\u6027\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u8f03\u5f37\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u96a8\u8457\u770b\u8a3a\u7684\u75c5\u60a3\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u770b\u8a3a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u9593\u7121\u9650\u5236\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u9435\u4eba\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u7684\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u58d3\u57ae\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6839\u7a3b\u8349\u662f\u9072\u65e9\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u58de\u91ab\u751f\u7d93\u5e38\u662f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7121\u6cd5\u5f4c\u88dc\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u53d7\u5230\u6b63\u8996\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u91ab\u751f\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u9762\u81e8\u9019\u7a2e\u6311\u6230\u7684\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u75c5\u60a3\u6c92\u6709\u5169\u6a23\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font color=\"#000080\"><b>\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u7406\u8ad6<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u7e3d\u9019\u88e1\u75db\u90a3\u7406\u75db\uff0c\u7a2e\u985e\u66f4\u662f\u5305\u7f85\u842c\u9805\uff1a<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u80cc\u75db <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Back pain)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u80a9\u9838\u75e0\u75db <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Neck pain)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u98a8\u6fd5\u75db <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Arthritic pain)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u5168\u8eab\u75e0\u75db <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Total-body pain)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u795e\u7d93\u75db <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Neuropathic pain)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">AIDS <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u75bc\u75db <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(AIDS-related pain)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u9aa8\u76c6\u8154\u75bc\u75db <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Pelvic pain)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7d93<\/span>\u5e38\u6027<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u982d\u75db <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Headaches)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u764c\u75c7\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u75bc\u75db <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Cancer pain)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u622a\u80a2\u5e7b\u89ba\u75bc\u75db <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Phantom-limb pain)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u4e3b\u5c0e\u91ab\u754c\u591a\u6642\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8d77\u539f\u65bc\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\u524d\u7684 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">Rene Descartes<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u75bc\u75db\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u7406\u7684\u73fe\u8c61<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Cartesian <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u89c0\u9ede<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d44\u7e54\u53d7\u5230\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u89f8\u767c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u5c07\u8a0a\u606f\u50b3\u9054\u5230\u5927\u8166\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7522\u751f\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728<\/span>\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u8449\uff0c<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u91ab\u751f\u5c31\u8457\u91cd\u7814\u7a76\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u75db\u89ba\u795e\u7d93 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(pain-specific nerve fibres, A-delta and C fibres) <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d7\u50b7\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u6cbb\u7642\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7684\u50b7\u5175\uff0c\u91ab\u751f\u767c\u73fe\u58eb\u5175\u53d7\u50b7\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f8\u896f\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u53d7\u50b7\u5f88\u91cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u91cd\u7684\u6b62\u75db\u5291\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u50c5\u53d7\u8f15\u50b7\uff0c\u537b\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\u3002\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u5df2\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">1965<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5e74\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">Ronald Melzack <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u66a8\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">Patrick Wall<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u53eb\u505a <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">Gate-Control Theory of Pain, <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\u62b5\u9054\u5927\u8166\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8a72\u8a0a\u865f\u6703\u5148\u81f3\u810a\u9ad3<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Spinal cord), <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\"><span>\u810a\u9ad3<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u6703\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5c07\u8a72\u8a0a\u606f\u50b3\u5165\u5927\u8166\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u662f\u5b83\u5f37\u8abf\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ea\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d44\u7e54\u53d7\u50b7\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u75bc\u75db\u8a0a\u865f\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\uff0c\u9084\u53d7\u5230\u5fc3\u60c5\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7b49\u5176\u5b83\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u66f8<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u4e2d\u5b83\u8209\u4e00\u500b\u5c07\u624b\u7f6e\u5165\u51b0\u6c34\uff0c\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u6642\u9593\u7684\u9577\u77ed\u4f86\u6e2c\u5ea6\u5c0d\u75bc\u75db\u5f97\u5fcd\u53d7\u5ea6\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5973\u6027\u53ea\u80fd\u5fcd\u53d7<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">37<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u79d2\uff0c<\/span><span lang=\"zh-TW\"><span>\u7537\u6027\u4e5f\u6709\u8f03\u9ad8\u5f97\u5fcd\u53d7\u5ea6\uff0c<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5973\u82ad\u96f7\u821e\u8005\u7684\u5fcd\u53d7\u5ea6\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u4e09\u500d\u4e5f\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u7537\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u9019\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u82ad\u857e\u821e\u8005\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u6709\u7d00\u5f8b\u7684\u3127\u7fa4\uff0c\u5e73\u5e38\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u5fcd\u53d7\u52e4\u7df4\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u808c\u8089\u7684\u75e0\u75db\u6216\u626d\u50b7\u7684\u75bc\u75db\uff0c\u7df4\u5c31\u5c0d\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u8010\u53d7\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5c31\u8f03\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">1994<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5e74<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">John Hopkins Hospital <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u751f <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">Frederick Lenz <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5728\u6cbb\u7642\u53d7\u4e0d\u81ea\u4e3b\u6296\u52d5\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u5b83\u767c\u73fe\u5c0d\u8166\u90e8\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u90e8\u4f4d\u7d66\u8207\u6975\u5c0f\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u75c5\u4eba\u6975\u5927\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">Melzack <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5728<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">1980<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5e74\u9593\u63da\u68c4\u4e86\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8f49\u5411\u8a8d\u70ba\u8166\u624d\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u75bc\u75db\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5916\u5728\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u8166\u888b\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u75bc\u75db\u6a21\u7d44<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Neuromodules<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u96fb\u8166\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e00\u822c<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u9084\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u3002\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u611f\u89ba\u795e\u7d93\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u89f8\u52d5\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u7d44\u7684\u958b\u95dc\uff0c\u8b93\u60a3\u8005\u611f\u5230\u75bc\u75db\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u85e5\u554f\u4e16\uff0c\u5f9e\u8166\u90e8\u4f86\u6e1b\u8f15\u75bc\u75db\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u5c0d\u65bc\u75bc\u75db\uff0c\u85e5\u7269\u662f\u672b\uff0c\u9810\u9632\u624d\u662f\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6380\u8d77\u4e00\u9663\u4eba\u9ad4\u5de5\u5b78<font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Ergonomics)<\/font>\u7684\u98a8\u6f6e\u3002<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5728\u6fb3\u6d32\u91dd\u5c0d\u9577\u6642\u9593\u7528\u9375\u76e4\u6253\u5b57\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u662f\u5c0d\u624b\u53ca\u80cc\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u75bc\u75db\uff0c\u7d93\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u98a8\u96aa\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u66f4\u751a\u65bc\u751f\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u8a72\u7a2e\u75bc\u75db\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u5e38\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u57ce\u5e02\u9593\u7684\u96fb\u8a71\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4e5f\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fa6\u516c\u50a2\u5177\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u4eba\u9ad4\u5de5\u5b78\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u62b1\u6028\u5728<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">1985<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5e74\u9054\u5230\u985b\u5cf0\uff0c\u800c\u5728<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">1987<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5e74\u8ecb\u7136\u800c\u6b62\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u6027\u7684\u75bc\u75db\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u4e3b\u8981<\/span>\u662f<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u60a3\u8005\u5468\u906d<\/span>\u793e\u6703\u7684\u56e0\u7d20<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8981\u771f\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u63a2\u7d22\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u554f\u984c\u66f4\u5f62\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font color=\"#000080\"><b>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u52d5\u4e0d\u52d5\u5c31\u81c9\u7d05<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u56e0<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u70ba\u5c37\u5c2c\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u51fa\u5176\u4e0d\u610f\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u81c9\u7d05\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u81c9\u7684\u76ae\u819a\u5145\u6eff\u5fae\u8840\u7ba1\uff0c\u81c9\u7d05\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u5916\u5728\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u800c\u8b93\u9019\u4e9b\u5fae\u8840\u7ba1\u77ac\u9593\u5145\u8840\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u8209\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u81c9\u7d05\u7684\u5973\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6bdb\u75c5\u8b93\u5b83\u8207\u5922\u5bd0\u4ee5\u6c42\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u4e3b\u64ad\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5931\u4e4b\u4ea4\u81c2\u3002\u6cae\u55aa\u4e4b\u9918\uff0c\u5b83\u6253\u807d\u5230\u745e\u5178\u6709\u91ab\u9662\u70ba\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u81c9\u7d05\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u7528\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u8853\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u52de\u6c38\u9038\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u9019\u7a2e\u624b\u8853\u53eb\u505a <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">ETS (Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u8179\u8154\u93e1\u4e0a\u534a\u8eab\u8ff7\u8d70\u795e\u7d93\u622a\u65b7\u624b\u8853<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">)\u3002 <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u8ff7\u8d70\u795e\u7d93\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u5f8b\u795e\u7d93\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u547c\u5438\u3001\u5fc3\u8df3\u3001\u6d88\u5316\u3001\u6392\u6c57\u7b49\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u622a\u65b7\u901a\u5f80\u81c9\u90e8\u7684\u8ff7\u8d70\u795e\u7d93\uff0c\u5c07\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7652\u56b4\u91cd\u983b\u7e41\u81c9\u7d05\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u5df2\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5f8c\u907a\u75c7\uff1a\u9ad8\u773c\u58d3 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(constricted pupil)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3001\u773c\u77bc\u4e0b\u5782 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Drooping eyelid)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3001\u773c\u73e0\u51f9\u9677 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Sunken eyeball)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3001\u4e0b\u534a\u8eab\u88dc\u511f\u6027\u51fa\u6c57 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Lower-body sweating)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3001\u9ad4\u81ed <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Gustatory sweating)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3001\u5fc3\u8df3\u6e1b\u7de9<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">10% (Heart rate reduced 10%)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u9019<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u4f4d\u5973\u5b50\u5728\u8853\u5f8c\uff0c\u5982\u9858\u4ee5\u511f\u5750\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e3b\u64ad\u7684\u4f4d\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u540c\u4eba\u597d\u5947\u70ba\u4f55\u5b83\u5728\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5167\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5979\u537b\u7f9e\u65bc\u627f\u8a8d\u8a72\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u7d2f\u7a4d\u7684\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u5979\u9084\u662f\u96e2\u958b\u4e86\u4e3b\u64ad\u53f0\u3002\u624b\u8853\u77ef\u6b63\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u8b49\u660e\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u624b\u6c57\u75c7 <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Hyperhidrosis) <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u9032\u884c\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7684\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u5f8c\u907a\u75c7\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u534a\u8eab\u7684\u88dc\u511f\u6027\u51fa\u6c57\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6c57\u6db2\u767c\u51fa\u60e1\u81ed\u3002\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u5341\u5206\u6a5f\u5de7\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u9019\u7a2e\u624b\u8853\u61c9\u4e09\u601d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font color=\"#000080\"><b><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5c0d\u6297\u80a5\u80d6\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u624b\u6bb5\uff1a\u8178\u80c3\u7e5e\u9053\u624b\u8853<\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u904e\u5ea6\u7684\u80a5\u80d6\uff0c<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5bb9\u6613<\/span>\u9020\u6210\u547c\u5438\u56f0\u96e3\u3001\u5fc3\u81df\u75c5\u3001\u50b7\u53e3\u611f\u67d3\u3001\u96b1\u776a\u75c7<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3002\u8178\u80c3\u7e5e\u9053\u624b\u8853 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Roux-en-Y gastric-bypass operation) <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c07\u80c3\u7684\u5bb9\u7a4d\u7e2e\u6e1b\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c07\u5176\u51fa\u53e3\uff0c\u8df3\u904e\u5341\u4e8c\u6307\u8178\uff0c\u63a5\u5230\u7d04\u83ab\u4e00\u516c\u5c3a\u5916\u7684\u5c0f\u8178\u4e0a\u3002\u7e2e\u6e1b\u7684\u80c3\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u6e1b\u5c11\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u98df\u91cf\uff0c\u7e2e\u77ed\u7684\u5c0f\u8178\u4e5f\u53ef\u6e1b\u5c11\u71df\u990a\u7684\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7529\u6389\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u7684\u80a5\u80d6<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7d04<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">45 <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u516c\u65a4<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\uff0c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u8ffd\u8e64\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\u5927\u7d04\u53ea\u6703\u5fa9\u80d6\u7d04 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">4<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u516c\u65a4\u81f3 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">9 <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u516c\u65a4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u60a3\u8005\u5fc3\u81df\u75c5\u3001\u6c23\u5598\u3001\u98a8\u6fd5\u75db\u90fd\u5927\u70ba\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u6709<font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">80%<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u5c45\u7136\u5b8c\u5168\u6cbb\u7652\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u6709<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6e1b\u80a5\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u5fa9\u80d6\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u6548\u679c\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u5f70\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u82e5\u91dd\u5c0d\u80a5\u80d6\u7684<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">6-12<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u6b72\u5152\u7ae5\u6bcf\u9031\u5be6\u65bd\u885b\u6559 <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">8-12<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5468\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u3127\u5e74\u6301\u7e8c\u6bcf\u500b\u6708\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u5e74\u5167\u6709<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">30%<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7684\u5152\u7ae5\u812b\u96e2\u80a5\u80d6\u7684\u56f0\u64fe\u3002\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u80a5\u80d6\u7684\u9810\u9632\u6559\u80b2\u8981\u8d81\u65e9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u95dc\u65bc\u80a5\u80d6\u7684\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u7684<font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">Body Mass Index (BMI) = (<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u9ad4\u91cd\u516c\u65a4\u6578<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">)\/(<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u9ad8\u5ea6\u516c\u5c3a\u6578\u7684\u5e73\u65b9<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">). <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u82e5<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">BMI <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u8d85\u904e <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">40 <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u80a5\u80d6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><font color=\"#000080\"><b><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u91ab\u751f\u5c0d\u75c5\u60c5<\/span>\u8a3a\u65b7\u6240\u9762\u5c0d<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7684<\/span>\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u8cc7\u6df1\u7684<\/span>\u91ab\u751f\u56fa\u7136<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u63a5\u53d7\u904e\u7d2e\u5be6\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8a3a\u65b7\u75c5\u60c5\u4e0a\uff0c\u96e3\u514d\u6703\u843d\u5165\u4eba\u70ba\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8b2c\u8aa4\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u66fe\u7d93\u8a3a\u65b7\u904e\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u3127\u500b\u5341\u5206\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u5fb5\u8c61\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u91ab\u751f\u592a\u6709\u81ea\u4fe1\u800c\u672a\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u75c5\u7406\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u4f86\u8f14\u52a9\u5224\u65b7\u6c7a\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u4f5c\u8005<span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u8209\u4e00\u500b\u5dee\u4e00\u9ede\u8aa4\u8a3a\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u5728\u53c3\u52a0\u7d50\u5a5a\u5178\u79ae\u821e\u6703\u8d64\u8173\u901a\u5bb5\u8df3\u821e\u5f8c\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u8173\u638c\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u78e8\u7834\u7684\u5c0f\u50b7\u53e3\uff0c\u9694\u65e5\u767c\u73fe\u6574\u500b\u5c0f\u817f\u7d05\u816b\u767c\u8139\uff0c\u91ab\u751f\u5e6b\u5979\u6253\u4e86\u7834\u50b7\u98a8\u4e26\u958b\u53e3\u670d\u6297\u751f\u7d20\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5979\u7684\u8173\u4e0a\u505a\u8a18\u865f\uff0c\u56d1\u5490\u60a3\u8005\u82e5\u7d05\u816b\u60e1\u5316\u8d85\u904e\u8a72\u754c\u7dda\u5c31\u8981\u8fc5\u901f\u5c31\u91ab\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u56e0\u6b64\u518d\u5ea6\u5c31\u91ab\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\u4f5c\u8005\u6aa2\u67e5\u60a3\u90e8\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u8de1\u8c61\u986f\u793a\u9019\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8702\u7aa9\u6027\u7d44\u7e54\u708e <font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">(Cellulitis)<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u3002\u6070\u5de7\u5e7e\u500b\u661f\u671f\u524d\uff0c<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">Atul <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u525b\u7167\u9867\u904e\u4e00\u500b <\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">Necrotizing fasciitis (<\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u566c\u808c\u83cc<\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\">) <\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\">\u7684\u6848\u5b50\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6562\u6389\u4ee5\u8f15\u5fc3\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u505a\u808c\u8089\u6df1\u5c64\u5207\u7247\u75c5\u7406\u6aa2\u5bdf\u4f86\u78ba\u8a8d\u75c5\u56e0\u3002 <\/span><span lang=\"zh-TW\"><span>\u566c\u808c\u83cc\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6574\u5e74\u4e0d\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u5343\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u9ad8\u9054<\/span><\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\"><span>70%, <\/span><\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\"><span>\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u4fdd\u4f4f\u6027\u547d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u812b\u622a\u80a2\u7684\u547d\u904b\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u78ba\u8a3a\u662f\u566c\u808c\u83cc\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u7dca\u6025\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u5207\u9664\u58de\u6b7b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u554a\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6b63\u503c\u82b1\u6a23\u5e74\u83ef\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u5973\u5b50\uff0c\u600e\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u622a\u80a2\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u91ab\u5e2b\u63a1\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u58d3\u6c27\u7642\u6cd5<\/span><\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\"><span>(Hyperbaric oxygen)<\/span><\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\"><span>\uff0c\u50c5\u5c07\u58de\u6389\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u522e\u9664\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c07\u5176\u7f6e\u65bc<\/span><\/span><font face=\"Times New Roman, serif\"><span>2.5<\/span><\/font><span lang=\"zh-TW\"><span>\u5927\u6c23\u58d3\u7684\u6c27\u8259\u4e2d\u3002\u9ad8\u58d3\u7684\u6c27\u80fd\u6bba\u83cc\uff0c\u7d93\u679c\u53cd\u8986\u7684\u624b\u8853\u8207\u9ad8\u58d3\u6c27\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u8a72\u5973\u5b50\u7d42\u65bc\u9010\u6f38\u6062\u5fa9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">\n<\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\"><span>\u6aa2<\/span><span lang=\"zh-TW\"><span>\u8996\u6574\u500b\u6c7a\u7b56\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u8aaa\u9019\u5973\u5b50\u904b\u6c23\u592a\u597d\u3002\u5047\u5982\u91ab\u751f\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5e7e\u661f\u671f\u524d\u9047\u904e\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5979\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4ee5\u8702\u7aa9\u6027\u7d44\u7e54\u708e\u4f86\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u9001\u6389\u6027\u547d\u3002\u5047\u5982\u91ab\u751f\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e3b\u89c0\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5fcd\u5e74\u7d00\u8f15\u8f15\u5c31\u9700\u622a\u80a2\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u53bb\u8a66\u9ad8\u58d3\u6c27\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u7642\u6cd5\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u5979\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u70ba\u91ab\u751f\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u4f4f\u5979\u7684\u4e0b\u80a2\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u58d3\u6c27\u7642\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u55aa\u5931\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u600e\u77e5\u9053\u9ad8\u58d3\u6c27\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u6709\u6548\u5462\uff1f\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u91ab\u751f\u548c\u75c5\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e0b\u8981\u505a\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u4eba\u751f\uff0c\u9078\u5c0d\u6216\u9078\u932f\u90fd\u662f\u547d.<\/p>\n<p><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"4\"><strong>\u7d50\u8ad6<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8981\u591a\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u8b93\u8eab\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u5343\u842c\u5225\u751f\u75c5\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u53ea\u597d\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\uff0c\u7948\u79b1\u4e0a\u84bc\u4fdd\u4f51\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/font><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zh-TW\" style=\"MARGIN-BOTTOM:0cm;\">[\u66f8\u8a0a] Comlpications, A surgeon&#39;s notes on an imperfect science, by Atul Gawande, Copyright 2002, Henry Holt and Company<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005Atul Gawande \u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u751f\u7684\u89aa\u8eab\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u63ed\u958b&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6112"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18794,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6112\/revisions\/18794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}