{"id":39530,"date":"2025-03-20T22:07:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T14:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=39530"},"modified":"2025-11-20T22:09:55","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T14:09:55","slug":"%e9%8a%80%e6%9d%8fginkgo-ginkgo-biloba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=39530","title":{"rendered":"\u9280\u674f(Ginkgo) Ginkgo biloba"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u9280\u674f(Ginkgo) Ginkgo biloba <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Losing the ginkgo would have been a botanical disaster because it is a most amazing survivor\u2014according to the fossil record, it had evolved 200 million years ago. But the ginkgo is also the only living member of a whole division of plants that once constituted a significant proportion of the world\u2019s vegetation but that died out almost entirely along with the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago. To put this in perspective, conifers constitute on division, all the flowering plants are another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u9280\u674f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5947\u5999\u7684\u5b51\u907a\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6f14\u5316\u4e862\u5104\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u690d\u7269\u754c\u4e0b\u5171\u6709\u516d\u500b\u9580\uff1a\u7da0\u85fb\u9580\u3001\u82d4\u861a\u690d\u7269\u9580\u3001\u8568\u985e\u690d\u7269\u9580\u3001\u88f8\u5b50\u690d\u7269\u9580\u3001\u8607\u9435\u9580\u3001\u9280\u674f\u9580\u548c\u88ab\u5b50\u690d\u7269\u9580(\u958b\u82b1\u690d\u7269)\u3002\u800c\u9280\u674f\u662f\u9280\u674f\u9580\u5167\u81f3\u4eca\u552f\u4e00\u5b51\u907a\u7684\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u57286\u53435\u767e\u842c\u5e74\u524d\u96a8\u8457\u6050\u9f8d\u7684\u6e1b\u7d55\u800c\u901a\u901a\u90fd\u6ec5\u7d55\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fdd\u80b2(\u91ce\u751f)\u7684\u9280\u674f\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u65bc\u4fdd\u80b2\u4e86\u4e00\u9580\u7684\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u800c\u4e14\u7279\u5225\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ginkgo, which can be male or female, is a strange mixture of a conifer combined with evolutionary remnants of much more primitive ferns. Pollen from little catkin-like cones on the male tree carries on the wind; with luck, it lands on a tiny droplet of a liquid exuding from a structure on the female tree that resembles a diminutive green acorn\u2014the ovule. The pollen is drown inside and extends a tube to absorb nutrients. After some weeks, the pollen grain bursts to release swimming sperm, each roughly spherical and less than tenth of a millimeter across, propelled on a journey of fertilization by a coordinated phalanx of beating hairs. The ovules develop into seeds with freshly coats that enticing resemble miniature apricots, but whose smell, especially when over-ripe and crushed underfoot, is cocktail of vomit and dog poo\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u9280\u674f\u96cc\u96c4\u7570\u682a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u6df7\u96dc\u4e86\u91dd\u8449\u6a39\u548c\u539f\u59cb\u8568\u985e\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u5947\u5999\u6709\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9280\u674f\u96c4\u82b1\u662f\u7a57\u72c0\u82b1\u5e8f(\u67d4\u8351\u82b1\u5e8f)\uff0c\u82b1\u7c89\u96a8\u98a8\u50b3\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u82b1\u7c89\u6709\u5e78\u6389\u5230\u96cc\u682a\u7684\u80da\u73e0(ovule)\u5167\uff0c\u82b1\u7c89\u4f38\u51fa\u82b1\u7c89\u7ba1\u5438\u6536\u71df\u990a\uff0c\u82b1\u7c89\u7c92\u7206\u88c2\u51fa\u5e36\u97ad\u6bdb\u7684\u7cbe\u5b50\uff0c\u6e38\u5411\u5375\u7d30\u80de\u5b8c\u6210\u53d7\u7cbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53d7\u7cbe\u7684\u80da\u73e0\u9577\u6210\u9280\u674f\u7684\u7a2e\u5b50\u3002\u9280\u674f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u9846\u7a2e\u5b50\uff0c\u5916\u9762\u7684\u300c\u679c\u8089\u300d\u5176\u5be6\u53ea\u662f\u589e\u539a\u7684\u7a2e\u76ae\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u9019\u5c64\u7a2e\u76ae\u5728\u9280\u674f\u6210\u719f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6703\u6563\u767c\u51fa\u6709\u82e5\u5927\u4fbf\u7684\u60e1\u81ed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u751f\u9280\u674f\u7684\u7a2e\u6838(seed kernels)\u6709\u6bd2\uff0c\u662f\u9280\u674f\u6bd2\u7d20(4-O-\u7532\u57fa\u5421\u54c6\u9187, ginkgotoxin), \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u795e\u7d93\u6027\u6bd2\u7d20\u3002\u6240\u5e78\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5145\u5206\u52a0\u71b1\u70f9\u719f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u89e3\u800c\u4f9b\u4eba\u98df\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6606\u660e\u5927\u5b78\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u91ce\u751f\u7684\u9280\u674f\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wild Ginkgos have been found in Dalou mountains, located between Guizhou Province and Chongqing Municipality, southwestern China (27\u00b043’44”- 28\u00b056’14″N; 107\u00b015’53”- 108\u00b004’46″E; altitude 840-1200 m a.s.l.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u751f\u7684\u91ce\u751f\u9280\u674f\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5357\u8cb4\u5dde\u7701\u548c\u91cd\u6176\u5e02\u4ea4\u754c\u7684\u5927\u6a13\u5c71(Dalou mountains)\u6709\u6240\u767c\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Extant Ginkgo populations in the valley and lower mountain slopes of the Dalou Mountains represent fragments of the original natural Ginkgo range. The area is a glacial refugium for these natural fragments. The climate is subtropical, warm and humid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u6a13\u5c71\u5c31\u662f\u51b0\u6cb3\u5b51\u907a\u690d\u7269\u9280\u674f\u7684\u5e87\u8b77\u6240\uff0c\u6c23\u5019\u5c6c\u526f\u71b1\u5e36\uff0c\u6eab\u6696\u6f6e\u6fd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The floristic composition of these Ginkgo forests shows that of  31 genera of canopy tree species in the present forests, 25 are also found in the Ginkgo biloba-bearing fossil records. The trees in the study sites are limestone outcrops near creeks and are subject to frequent natural disturbances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u5730\u91ce\u751f\u9280\u674f\u6797\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u5927\u6a39\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\u5171\u670931\u7a2e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d25\u7a2e\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u9280\u674f\u5316\u77f3\u7684\u5730\u8cea\u5c64\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u91ce\u751f\u9280\u674f\u9577\u5728\u77f3\u7070\u5ca9\u5730\u5f62\u7684\u9732\u982d\uff0c\u8fd1\u6cb3\u6d41\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u6709\u5730\u5f62\u5730\u7269\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u64fe\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In these rocky inhospitable areas there have been no human settlements during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). The Gelao people are indigenous to the area and they  have strict traditional taboo against either planting or logging Ginkgo trees. Han people began to appear in 1664, and they seem to have shared or agreed with the taboo of the Gelao. They believe that having forests near their farmhouses is good feng shui so they have not cut down the Ginkgo trees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u91ce\u751f\u9280\u674f\u9577\u5728\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u4eba\u985e\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5ca9\u77f3\u5730\u5f62\uff0c\u5f9e\u660e\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u90a3\u5152\u5c45\u4f4f\u3002\u7576\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u662f\u4ee1\u4f6c\u65cf(\u53e4\u7a31\u50da)\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8996\u7a2e\u690d\u6216\u780d\u4f10\u9280\u674f\u662f\u83ab\u5927\u7981\u5fcc\u3002\u800c\u5f8c\u4f86\u9077\u5165\u7684\u6f22\u65cf\uff0c\u5247\u8996\u4f4f\u5bb6\u9644\u8fd1\u6709\u6a39\u6797\u662f\u597d\u98a8\u6c34\uff0c\u91ce\u751f\u9280\u674f\u56e0\u6b64\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9280\u674f\u7684\u8449\u5b50\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u79cb\u5929\u6703\u8b8a\u9ec3\uff0c\u662f\u5b63\u7bc0\u91d1\u71e6\u71e6\u7684\u984f\u8272\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8449\u5b50\u90fd\u843d\u4e86\uff0c\u6a39\u4e0b\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u7247\u6578\u5927\u71b1\u9b27\u7684\u7684\u7f8e\u3002\u9280\u674f\u4f5c\u70ba\u9280\u674f\u9580\u4e0b\u7684\u55ae\u50b3\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u662f\u6f14\u5316\u4e862\u5104\u5e74\u7684\u51b0\u6cb3\u5b51\u907a\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u5c0a\u656c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5c31\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u958b\u82b1\u690d\u7269(\u9580)\u8b8a\u5f97\u50cf\u9280\u674f(\u9580)\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u500b\u7a2e\uff1b\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u7a2e\u82b1\uff0c\u90a3\u6703\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u7684\u5b64\u7368\u3002\u800c\u55a7\u9b27\u7684\u4eba\u5011\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u6b23\u8cde\u4e00\u7a2e\u82b1\uff0c\u90a3\u6703\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u7684\u5bc2\u5bde\u5440\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\uff1aJonathan Drori, \u201cAround the world in 80 plants,\u201c 2021\uff0cLaurence King Publishing<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.S. \u76f8\u72472023\/10\/12 \u651d\u65bc\u65e5\u672c\u6771\u5317\u9752\u68ee\uff0c\u6d77\u908a\u8def\u6a39\uff0c\u6d77\u62d410\u516c\u5c3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2025\/11\/3 \u9280\u674f(Ginkgo) Ginkgo biloba Damakey<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u9280\u674f(Ginkgo) Ginkgo biloba …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39530","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=39530"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39530\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39535,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39530\/revisions\/39535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=39530"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=39530"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=39530"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}