{"id":39269,"date":"2025-03-03T16:44:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-03T08:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=39269"},"modified":"2025-11-18T16:55:13","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T08:55:13","slug":"%e6%b4%97%e6%be%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=39269","title":{"rendered":"\u6d17\u6fa1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Screenshot<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u9060\u53e4\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u6d17\u6fa1\u55ce\uff1f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u689d\u4ef6\u826f\u597d\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662fNo\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u771f\u7684\u662f\u5927\u932f\u7279\u932f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But, for all the Neolithic’s innovations, it was in the Bronze Age that public sanitation properly began. In modern Pakistan and India, the ancient Harappans were devotees of mass hygiene. Keeping clean was their thing, just as passive aggression and fanatical queuing is Britain’s thing. As we’ve already discovered, underpinning Harappan cities were sprawling sewer systems built of gypsum-coated bricks, comprising a combo of subterranean pipes and roadside gutters that collected the waste water pouring from run-off pipes installed in homes. Even multi-storey dwellings were catered for, as they cleverly housed interior flues running through the walls, or plug holes in the floor, so that water could exit from every level. In the plumbing hall of fame, the Harappans were definitely up there with Mario and Luigi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u985e\u5f9e\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u6642\u4ee3(Neolithic\uff0c\u5f9e10,000\u5e74\u524d\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u7d50\u675f\u6642\u9593\u5f9e\u8ddd\u4eca7,000\u591a\u5e74\u81f32,000\u591a\u5e74\u4e0d\u7b49)\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u660e\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u516c\u5171\u885e\u751f\u7684\u6ce8\u91cd\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u59cb\u65bc\u9752\u9285\u6642\u671f(Bronze Age), \u5728\u4eca\u5929\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5883\u5167\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u54c8\u62c9\u5e15\u4eba(Harappans)\u6240\u5275\u7684\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300e\u5370\u5ea6\u6b21\u5927\u9678\u7684\u9752\u9285\u6642\u671f\u5f9e\u897f\u5143\u524d3300\u5e74\u8d77\u2026\u2026\u5370\u5ea6\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u54c8\u62c9\u5e15\u4eba\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u51b6\u91d1\u53ca\u7149\u88fd\u9285\u3001\u9752\u9285\u3001\u925b\u53ca\u932b\u7684\u6280\u8853\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5f8c\u662f\u9435\u5668\u7684\u5420\u9640\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u54c8\u62c9\u5e15\u6587\u660e\u7d04\u5728\u897f\u5143\u524d1700\u81f31300\u5e74\u300f(~\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u54c8\u62c9\u5e15\u4eba\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u516c\u773e\u7684\u885e\u751f\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e7e\u6de8\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u52d9\u3002\u5728\u8003\u53e4\u907a\u8de1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u54c8\u62c9\u5e15\u4eba\u5728\u5730\u4e0b\u5ee3\u4f48\u4e86\u7528\u78da\u6240\u780c\u6210\u4e26\u5305\u8986\u4e86\u77f3\u818f\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u7ba1\u8def\u548c\u8def\u908a\u7684\u6392\u6c34\u6e9d\uff0c\u627f\u63a5\u4e86\u6bcf\u5bb6\u6bcf\u6236\u6cc4\u6c34\u7ba1\u6240\u6392\u5c80\u4f86\u7684\u5ee2\u6c34\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u6a13\u623f\uff0c\u7246\u58c1\u4e2d\u6709\u7159\u9053\uff0c\u5730\u4e0a\u6709\u6cc4\u6c34\u5b54\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u5404\u6a13\u5c64\u7684\u6392\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u64da\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u54c8\u62c9\u5e15\u4eba\u7684\u6392\u6c34\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u9632\u6d2a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8a72\u5730\u7684\u5e74\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u624d13\u91d0\u7c73(\u516c\u5206)\u3002\u54c8\u62c9\u5e15\u4eba\u4ef0\u8cf4\u7684\u662f\u5145\u6c9b\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6e90\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5ee3\u5efa\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e95\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u4f9b\u5927\u773e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u54c8\u62c9\u5e15\u4eba\u4e2d\u5c0a\u8cb4\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u6709\u8d85\u5927\u6c34\u6c60\u9032\u884c\u6de8\u8eab\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5927\u773e\u5247\u6709\u5c0f\u7684\u77e9\u578b\u78da\u780c\u6d78\u6ce1\u6c60\uff0c\u53ef\u4f9b\u6d17\u6fa1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u54c8\u62c9\u5e15\u4eba\u5728\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u4e0a\u7684\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u53e4\u57c3\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u4e4f\u5584\u53ef\u9673\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026When it came to cleanliness, their priestly caste was particularly careful to avoid the curse of lice infestation by regularly shaving every inch of skin, and washing the body in cold water up to five times per day. To men who inhabited the sacred temples of the revered gods, corporeal purity was everything – there was nothing more insulting to the heavenly deities than sporting hirsute limbs more befitting a Halloween werewolf costume.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u60df\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u796d\u53f8\u968e\u7d1a(priestly caste)\u70ba\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u8768\u5b50\u4e0a\u8eab\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8981\u7d93\u5e38\u522e\u9664\u9ad4\u6bdb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u81f3\u5c11\u6d175\u6b21\u51b7\u6c34\u6fa1\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4f4f\u5728\u656c\u795e\u7684\u795e\u8056\u5bfa\u5edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e7e\u6de8\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8eab\u9ad4\u9aaf\u9ad2\u662f\u5c0d\u795e\u660e\u83ab\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u656c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u5728\u9910\u524d\u548c\u9910\u5f8c\u90fd\u6703\u6d17\u624b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u5011\u7528\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u8f9b\u82e6\u7531\u5c3c\u7f85\u6cb3\u7528\u9676\u7f50\u9802\u5728\u982d\u4e0a\u5e36\u56de\u4f86\u3002\u9632\u6c34\u7684\u77f3\u5730\u677f\u53ca\u6dfa\u6392\u6c34\u6e9d\u7684\u907a\u8de1\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u4eba\u5bb6\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u6d17\u6fa1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9664\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u57c3\u53ca\uff0c\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u514b\u91cc\u7279\u5cf6(Crete)\u7684\u7c73\u8afe\u65af\u6587\u660e(Minos)\u5728\u514b\u8afe\u7d22\u65af(Knossos)\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u907a\u5740\uff0c\u5b9a\u5e74\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u897f\u5143\u524d1500\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u500b5\u544e\u9577\u7684\u7d05\u9676\u6d74\u7f38\uff0c\u6ea2\u51fa\u7684\u6c34\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u6cc4\u6c34\u53e3\u6392\u6389\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u7c73\u8afe\u65af\u6587\u660e\u6240\u77e5\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u9019\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u6d17\u6fa1\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7c73\u8afe\u65af\u4eba\u4e0d\u50cf\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u8981\u8f9b\u82e6\u5730\u63d0\u6c34\u3002\u5f9e\u514b\u91cc\u7279\u5cf6\u9130\u8fd1\u6709\u7c73\u8afe\u65af\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5cf6\u5dbc\u4e0a\u963f\u514b\u7f85\u8482\u91cc(Akrotiri)\u907a\u5740\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7528\u6c34\u9053\u628a\u6c34\u5f9e\u5c71\u4e0a\u5f15\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u9032\u6c34\u6709\u5169\u500b\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5206\u5225\u7528\u4f86\u5f15\u5165\u6eab\u6cc9\u548c\u51b7\u6c34\u7684\u3002\u5728\u706b\u5c71\u6bc0\u4e86\u963f\u514b\u7f85\u8482\u91cc\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u5df2\u7d93\u4eab\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6d17\u6fa1\u6216\u6ce1\u6fa1\u7684\u6a02\u8da3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7c73\u8afe\u65af\u4eba\u5728\u897f\u5143\u524d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5343\u79a7\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u8449(\u7d04\u897f\u5143\u524d1500\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3)\u88ab\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u9081\u932b\u5c3c\u4eba(Mycenaeans)\u6240\u6ec5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u628a\u6642\u9593\u5feb\u8f49\u81f3\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u660e\u6975\u76db\u671f\u7684\u897f\u5143\u524d\u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\uff0c\u5f9e\u5317\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u5967\u6797\u7d22\u65af(Olynthus)\u907a\u5740\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u5bb6\u6236\u90fd\u6709\u7d05\u9676\u6d74\u7f38\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u7576\u6642\u7684\u5e0c\u81d8\u6d17\u71b1\u6c34\u6fa1\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u7684\u5c08\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u4ee5\u5927\u6d74\u5834\u805e\u540d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5efa\u65bc\u897f\u5143\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6d74\u57f8\u5c45\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u4e0b1600\u4eba\u5462\uff01\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u6c60\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d78\u6ce1\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5f9e\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u518d\u6ce1\u6eab\u5ea6\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u6c60\u6c34\u4f86\u6536\u6582\u6bdb\u7d30\u5b54\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6ce1\u6eab\u6c60\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u84b8\u6c23\u6d74\uff0c\u84b8\u6c23\u7531\u5974\u96b8\u71d2\u716e\uff0c\u5f9e\u5730\u677f\u5192\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f85\u99ac\u6d74\u5834\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u968e\u7d1a\u5206\u660e\u3002\u5973\u6027\u3001\u50d5\u5f9e\u3001\u5c0f\u5b69\u7528\u65e9\u4e0a\u7684\u6642\u6bb5\uff0c\u5348\u5f8c\u5247\u662f\u7537\u4eba\u9592\u6563\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c34\u7684\u5206\u914d\u4e5f\u4f9d\u7167\u968e\u7d1a\uff0c\u570b\u738b\u5f97\u5176\u4e2d10%\uff0c\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u7d0d\u5f97\u8d77\u6c34\u8cbb\u7684\u5f9740 \uff05\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u768450 \uff05\u5247\u7528\u65bc\u5927\u773e\u6d74\u6c60\u3001\u5ec1\u6240\u53ca\u5674\u6cc9\u3002\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7aae\u4eba\u5bb6\u88e1\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u81ea\u4f86\u6c34\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u6de8\u300d(cleanliness)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u7a2e\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u8ce4\u6c11(the untouchable) \uff0c\u66f4\u9ad8\u968e\u7a2e\u59d3\u7684\u4eba\u78b0\u89f8\u5230\u4e86\u8ce4\u6c11\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u6c61\u67d3\u4e86\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u900f\u904e\u7279\u5225\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u6de8\u5316\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c45\u7136\u662f\u7528\u6ce1\u5728\u725b\u7684\u5c3f\u6db2\u548c\u7cde\u4fbf\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\uff0c\u725b\u662f\u8056\u6f54\u7684\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\uff0c\u7528\u5949\u737b\u7d66\u795e\u7684\u7378\u8840\u5674\u7051\u5230\u906e\u98a8\u907f\u96e8\u7684\u4f4f\u6240\u6216\u8056\u58c7\uff0c\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u6de8\u5316\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7336\u592a\u5a66\u5973\u5728\u4f86\u7d93\u8840\u6b62\u4e03\u5929\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u958b\u59cb\u6709\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u90a3\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u9808\u6d78\u6ce1\u5230\u53d7\u6d17\u7684\u6c34\u7f38\u4e2d\u300c\u6de8\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u6c34\u7f38\u6b63\u662f\u65b0\u9032\u6559\u5f92\u53d7\u6d17\u6d78\u5165\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6c60\u5b50\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u7570\u6559\u5f92\u5728\u7948\u79b1\u524d\u6703\u6d17\u624b\uff0c\u5728\u7d50\u5a5a\u524d\u6703\u6d17\u6fa1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6ce1\u5230\u795e\u8056\u7684\u6046\u6cb3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u9664\u53bb\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u4e0d\u6f54\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5b\u6559\u3001\u795e\u9053\u6559\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u5f37\u8abf\u6c34\u5c0d\u6de8\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e00\u65e6\u53d7\u6d17\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u6f54\u6de8\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5c0f\u76c6\u7684\u51b7\u6c34\u6d17\u628a\u81c9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u90a3\u7a2e\u4eab\u6a02\u7684\u6ce1\u6fa1\u6216\u84b8\u6c23\u6d74\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u671f\u671f\u4ee5\u70ba\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u6c61\u7a62\u70ba\u8056\u6f54(sacred filth)\uff0c\u5728\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5641\u5fc3\u9aaf\u9ad2\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Prophet Muhammad had declared cleanliness as \u2018one half of faith\u2019\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684, so the rituals of washing became crucial to the daily life of all Muslims, beginning with the wudhu ablutions, performed prior to the five daily prayers, that cleansed the hands, mouth, nose, face, right arm, left arm, hair, ears, right foot and then left foot. This elaborate protocol was, and still is, also deployed after visits to the toilet, or any unhygienic discharge of bodily fluids, such as a bleeding cut. But Islam’s greatest contribution to hygiene was to extend the Roman tradition of public bathing with their glorious hammams, or what are more commonly now known as Turkish steam baths.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u5148\u77e5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\uff0c\u628a\u6e05\u6f54\u8996\u70ba\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5728\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7948\u79b1\u5100\u5f0f\u524d\u7684\u6de8\u624b\uff0c\u8b8a\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u5f15\u7533\u81f3\u4e0a\u5ec1\u6240\u6216\u8eab\u9ad4\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u9ad4\u6db2\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u6e05\u6f54\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u7528\u6c34\u6e05\u6d17\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u628a\u7f85\u99ac\u516c\u5171\u6d74\u5834\u767c\u63da\u5149\u5927\u6210\u70ba\u571f\u8033\u5176\u84b8\u6c23\u6d74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5011\u5148\u5165\u70ba\u4e3b\u8a8d\u70ba\u91ce\u883b\u7684\u7dad\u4eac\u4eba(Vikings)\u662f\u9aaf\u9ad2\u4e0d\u4fee\u908a\u5e45\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5f88\u611b\u4e7e\u6de8\u7684\u7684\u602a\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u5c07\u6bcf\u500b\u661f\u671f\u516d\u7a7a\u4e0b\u4f86\u6d17\u6fa1\uff0c\u7a31\u4e4b\u70baLaudag, \u610f\u601d\u662f\u300c\u6e05\u6d17\u65e5\u300d(washing day)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u70ba\u5317\u570b\u7684\u745e\u5178\u7f85\u65af\u4eba(Swedish Rus)\u7684\u5546\u5ba2\u6216\u50ad\u5175\uff0c\u6f2b\u904a\u7d93\u904e\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5230\u9054\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u88ab\u7576\u5730\u4eba\u767c\u73fe\u5c45\u7136\u90a3\u9ebc\u611b\u4e7e\u6de8\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u8981\u5973\u50ad\u5e6b\u4ed6\u5011\u6d17\u81c9\u548c\u6d17\u982d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5cb8\u7684Algonquian tribes\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e5f\u662f\u559c\u6b61\u6c57\u84b8\u6d74\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u628a\u6c57\u84b8\u6d74\u7684\u5c0f\u6728\u5c4b\u5efa\u5728\u6e56\u6216\u6c34\u908a\uff0c\u84b8\u51fa\u6c57\u4f86\u5c31\u8df3\u5230\u51b7\u6c34\u4e2d\u6ce1\u6d17\uff0c\u9019\u548c\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u7684\u4e09\u6eab\u6696\u662f\u5982\u51fa\u4e00\u8f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1638\u5e74\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u548c\u82ac\u862d\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u79fb\u6c11\u8239\u62b5\u9054Delaware River \u53e3(\u4eca\u8cbb\u57ce\u9644\u8fd1), \u7576\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u767c\u73fe\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u5efa\u4e86\u6c57\u84b8\u5c4b\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u6a23\u559c\u6b61\u6c57\u84b8\u6d74\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u548c\u5e73\u76f8\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u897f\u5074\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u559c\u6b61\u7d93\u5e38\u53bb\u6d17\u6eab\u6cc9(onsen), \u6216\u53bb\u4e0a\u516c\u5171\u6d74\u5834(sento)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d50\u8ad6\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u73fe\u5728\u559c\u6b61\u4e09\u6eab\u6696(sauna)\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6a6b\u8de8\u5404\u5927\u6d32\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u6df5\u6e90\u548c\u50b3\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u6c61\u7a62\u6e05\u82e6\u70ba\u50b2\u5e7e\u767e\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c12\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u8ecd\u6771\u5f81\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9aaf\u9ad2\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9a0e\u58eb\u7a81\u767c\u767c\u73fe\u571f\u8033\u5176\u6d74(hammams)\u7684\u597d\u8655\u3002\u4fdd\u6301\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u6e05\u6f54\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5c0a\u91cd\u5a66\u5973\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u9a0e\u58eb\u7684\u5b88\u5247\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6d17\u500b\u6fa1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u6559\u5802\u81ed\u6c23\u76f8\u6295\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u897f\u51431290\u5e74\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u624d\u670929\u9593\u571f\u8033\u5176\u6d74\u5ba4\u3002\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6d17\u6fa1\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u60f3\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u773e\u7684\u4e2d\u4e0b\u968e\u5c64\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u9694\u5f88\u4e45\u624d\u80fd\u6d17\u4e00\u6b21\u6fa1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6642\u9593\u5feb\u8f49\u5230\u897f\u514316\u300117\u4e16\u7d00\u3002\u7576\u6642\u958b\u59cb\u7a7f\u5438\u6c34\u5feb\u4e7e\u7684\u4e9e\u9ebb(linen)\u5e03\u6240\u88fd\u7684\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u6d41\u884c\u4e00\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u8aaa\u76ae\u819a\u50cf\u4e00\u5c64\u4fdd\u8b77\u7f69\u4e00\u6a23\u628a\u6c57\u5b54\u906e\u4f4f\uff0c\u6538\u95dc\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u3002\u6d17\u6fa1\u6703\u7834\u58de\u9019\u500b\u4fdd\u8b77\u7f69\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6703\u5371\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u8cb4\u65cf\u548c\u5bae\u5ead\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u6d17\u6fa1\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ea\u8981\u52e4\u65bc\u66f4\u8863\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Henry IV’s son, King Louis XIII, followed in dad’s bath-shunning footsteps and proclaimed triumphantly ‘I take after my father, I smell of armpits\u2019. The illustrious King Louis XIV agreed to install baths at Versailles, but was reluctant to take them himself, while his sister-in-law, the Princess Palatine, felt it significant enough to record in her diary that she\u2019d been forced to wash her face in water after a dusty carriage journey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6cd5\u738b\u4ea8\u5229\u56db\u4e16(Henry IV , 1553-1610)\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u8def\u6613\u5341\u4e09\u4e16(1601-1643)\u90fd\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u559c\u6fa1\u3002\u8def\u6613\u5341\u56db(Louis XIV\uff0c1638-1715)\u96d6\u7136\u540c\u610f\u5728\u51e1\u723e\u8cfd\u5bae\u5efa\u6d74\u5ba4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u5411\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8def\u6613\u5341\u56db\u7684\u5f1f\u5ab3\u4f0a\u8389\u838e\u767d\u00b7\u590f\u6d1b\u7279\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u5df4\u4f10\u5229\u4e9e\uff08\u4f0a\u8389\u838e\u767d\u00b7\u590f\u6d1b\u7279\uff0c\u666e\u6cd5\u723e\u8328\u516c\u4e3b\uff0cElizabeth-Charlotte, Princess Palatine, 1652-1722\uff09\uff0c\u300c\u88ab\u8feb\u300d\u7528\u6c34\u6d17\u53bb\u5750\u99ac\u8eca\u6240\u6cbe\u4e0a\u7684\u9e88\u571f\uff0c\u5979\u9084\u7279\u5730\u628a\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5beb\u5728\u65e5\u8a18\u88e1\u9762\u5462\uff01(\u90fd\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u78b0\u6c34\u6d17\u81c9\uff0c\u5c31\u66f4\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\u6d17\u6fa1\u4e86\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5230\u4e8618\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u60f3\u6cd5\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u6d17\u6fa1\u3002\u7576\u6642\u7684\u65b0\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6c57\u5b54\u662f\u904e\u6ffe\u7a7a\u6c23\u7684\u5b54\u9053\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u6e05\u6f54\u4fdd\u6301\u66a2\u901a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u5176\u6c61\u7a62\u963b\u585e\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u4e86\u6d17\u51b7\u6c34\u6fa1\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u795e\u3001\u6709\u76ca\u8eab\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u62ff\u7834\u5d19(Napoleon Bonaparte, 1769-1821)\uff0c\u57281799\u5e74\u52301815\u5e74\u6ed1\u9435\u76e7\u5175\u6557\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u3001\u4e2d\u6771\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u5230\u8655\u5f81\u6230\uff0c\u64da\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u559c\u6b61\u6ce1\u5728\u6d74\u7f38\u88e1\u64d8\u5283\u6230\u4e8b\u7684\u3002\u800c\u6b50\u6d32\u5217\u5f37\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5411\u9019\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5e36\u56de\u4e86\u6c57\u84b8\u571f\u8033\u5176\u6d74(hammams)\u7684\u6a02\u8da3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e0c\u81d8\u4eba\u548c\u7c73\u8afe\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u6d74\u7f38\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u51b7\u843d\u4e86\u8d85\u904e2000\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u61f7\u62b1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728\u623f\u5b50\ud855\ude83\u6703\u7279\u5730\u5efa\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u9593\u6d74\u5ba4(bathroom)\u4f86\u5b58\u653e\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1898\u5e74, \u68d5\u6b16\u9999\u7682(Palmolive) \u4e00\u63a8\u51fa\u5c31\u9020\u6210\u71b1\u92b7\u3002(\u9ad8\u9732\u6f54-\u68d5\u6b16Colgate-Palmolive\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7af6\u722d\u8005\u662f\u5bf6\u50d1Procter & Gamble\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31P&G)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9999\u7682\u7684\u54c1\u724c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u975e\u5e38\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u722d\u76f8\u5728\u96fb\u8996\u983b\u9053\u4e0a\u5ee3\u544a\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u80a5\u7682\u5287\u300d(soap opera)\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u7de3\u81ea\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u6232\u5287\u64ad\u51fa\u7684\u6642\u6bb5\uff0c\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u80a5\u7682\u5ee3\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b80\u5f8c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6d17\u6fa1\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u751f\u5728\u5357\u570b\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u74b0\u5883\u6f6e\u6fd5\u708e\u71b1\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u98b1\u98a8\u4e0d\u6642\u5e36\u4f86\u5145\u6c9b\u7684\u96e8\u6c34\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6bcf\u5929\u6d17\u500b\u71b1\u6c34\u6fa1\uff0c\u662f\u60f3\u7576\u7136\u8033\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u53bb\u5bd2\u51b7\u7684\u5317\u6975\u5708\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53bb\u5230\u7f3a\u6c34\u7684\u6c99\u6f20\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u6d17\u500b\u71b1\u6c34\u6fa1\u5c0d\u7576\u5730\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u7fa9\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8b1b\u7a76\u82e6\u4fee\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u6d17\u6fa1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u572816\u4e16\u7d0017\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u5bae\u5ef7\u53ca\u8cb4\u65cf\u6015\u6d17\u6fa1\u50b7\u8eab\uff0c\u4e0d\u592a\u6d17\u6fa1\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u4e0b\u968e\u5c64\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u7121\u8ca1\u529b\u65b9\u4fbf\u6d17\u6fa1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u611b\u4e7e\u6de8\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u7f85\u99ac\u5927\u6d74\u5834\uff0c\u666e\u53ca\u4e86\u6c57\u84b8\u571f\u8033\u5176\u6d74\u3002\u900f\u904e\u5341\u5b57\u8ecd\u6771\u5f81\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u6669\u8fd1\u62ff\u7834\u5d19\u5f81\u670d\u6b50\u6d32\u3001\u4e2d\u6771\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\uff0c\u8de8\u6d32\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u628a\u6d17\u6fa1\u9019\u71b1\u60c5\uff0c\u5e36\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u8a18\u5f97\u5c0f\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f4f\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u9109\u4e0b\uff0c\u51ac\u5929\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u5929\u90fd\u6d17\u6fa1\u7684\uff0c\u9802\u591a\u6d17\u8173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5bd2\u51b7\u7684\u5317\u570b\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u5929\u6d17\u6fa1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u6211\u958b\u59cb\u722c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u767e\u5cb3\u624d\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5728\u5e7e\u5929\u7684\u7e31\u8d70\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u6d17\u6fa1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6d17\u6fa1\u65e2\u662f\u4e3b\u89c0\u7684\u6587\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u5bb6\u77e5\u9053\u76ae\u819a\u5448\u73fe\u5fae\u6cb9\u5fae\u9178\u6027\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u83cc\u76f8\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5b88\u4f4f\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\u9632\u7dda\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u4e7e\u6de8\u300d\uff0c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u76ae\u819a\u4fdd\u8b77\u6027\u7684\u6cb9\u8102\u548c\u76ca\u83cc\u5b8c\u5168\u6d17\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6d17\u4e0d\u6d17\u6fa1\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6163\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u53d7\u5ba2\u89c0\u74b0\u5883\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u6538\u95dc\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5065\u5eb7\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u8a6e\u91cb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u54c8\uff01\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7761\u524d\u6d17\u6fa1\uff0c\u4f46\u897f\u6d0b\u4eba\u5247\u5728\u65e9\u4e0a\u6d17\u6fa1\uff0c\u90a3\u53c8\u600e\u6a23\u8aaa\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.S. \u76f8\u7247\u4f86\u81eaWellcome Trust, a global charitable foundation, A woman preparing to bathe. (\u897f\u5143\u524d5\u4e16\u7d00\u65e9\u671f) Gouache painting. Iconographic Collections(~\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*: Greg Jenner, A million years in a day, 2015, Thomas Dunne Books<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2025\/3\/3 \u6d17\u6fa1 Damakey <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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