{"id":38361,"date":"2024-08-16T23:27:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-16T15:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=38361"},"modified":"2024-11-22T23:29:35","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T15:29:35","slug":"the-9-9%ef%bc%8cthe-new-aristocracy-that-is-entrenching-inequality-and-warping-our-culture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=38361","title":{"rendered":"The 9.9%\uff0cThe New Aristocracy That Is Entrenching Inequality and Warping Our Culture"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u4e0d\u65b7\u52a0\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6392\u540d\u524d0.1% \u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u57281963\u52302016\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u5728\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u589e\u70ba\u539f\u4f86\u76843\u500d\u3002\u90190.1% \u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u5168\u7f8e\u63a5\u8fd125%\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6392\u540d\u5f8c90%\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c113\u5206\u4e4b1\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u5168\u7f8e\u63a5\u8fd125%\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6392\u540d\u524d0.1% \u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u90a3\u7fa4\u4eba\uff0c\u548c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6392\u540d\u5f8c90%\u7684\u90a3\u7fa4\u4eba\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7d04\u7576\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5047\u8a2d\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u76840.1% \u662f1\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6392\u540d\u5f8c90%\u7684\u5c31\u6709900\u500b\u4eba\u3002\u800c\u53c8\u5047\u6c92\u7f8e\u570b\u6574\u9ad4\u793e\u6703\u8ca1\u5bcc\u662f\u7f8e\u91d12\u5143\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ee3\u8868\u90a3\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u64c1\u67091\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u5269\u4e0b\u76841\u5143\u5247\u662f\u7531900\u4eba\u5206\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u4e4b\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6392\u540d\u9802\u7aef0.1% \u5f8c\u76849.9%\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5247\u64c1\u6709\u5168\u7f8e\u570b50%\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6de8\u8cc7\u7522\u8d85\u904e\u7f8e\u91d1120\u842c\u5143(\u7d04\u53f0\u5e633600\u842c)\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u5c31\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u90199.9%\u7684\u9019\u500b\u7fa4\u9ad4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5011\u8ca1\u5bcc\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8d85\u904e\u7f8e\u91d12000\u842c\u5143(\u7d04\u53f0\u5e636\u5104)\uff0c\u5c31\u9032\u5165\u6700\u9802\u5c16\u76840.1%\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u7b46\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u4f9d\u53f0\u7063\u623f\u5730\u7522\u90a3\u6a23\u98c6\u6f32\uff0c\u6de8\u8cc7\u7522\u8981\u8d85\u904e\u53f0\u5e633,600\u842c\u5143\u4e26\u4e0d\u96e3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u57289.9%\u9019\u500b\u7d1a\u8ddd\u5167\uff0c\u5dee\u7570\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u6de8\u8cc7\u7522\u53f0\u5e633,600\u842c\u5143\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6bd4\u8f03\u662f\u63a5\u8fd1\u90a390%\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u773e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u592a\u64c1\u6709\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u623f\u5730\u7522\u7684)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300aThe 9.9 Percent\u300b\u9019\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b50%\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u90a39.9%\u7684\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u5d29\u58de\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\u5bcc\u4e0d\u904e\u4e09\u4ee3\uff0c\u90a3\u5176\u5be6\u8b1b\u7684\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5145\u6eff\u5411\u4e0a\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u7e31\u4f7f\u51fa\u8eab\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IGE(inter generational elasticity) of earning\uff0c\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u7236\u6bcd\u628a\u4ed6\u5011\u8cfa\u9322\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8f49\u79fb(\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u300c\u907a\u50b3\u300d)\u7d66\u4ed6\u5011\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6307\u6a19\u5df2\u7d93\u5f9e0.3\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u4e860.5\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7236\u6bcd\u76f8\u5c0d\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u4e5f\u76f8\u5c0d\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u589e\u5f37\u4e86\u3002\u5f9e\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u914d\u7684\u96f6\u5408\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u5982\u679c\u7236\u6bcd\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ca7\u7aae\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u4e00\u51fa\u751f\u5c31\u5e7e\u4e4e\u8a3b\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e5f\u662f\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7522\u751f\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8b8a\u5f97\u6703\u300c\u907a\u50b3\u300d\uff1f\u6211\u60f3\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\u7e7c\u627f\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u66f4\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6295\u8cc7\u5728\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6210\u9577\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4e0a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b78\u6821\uff0c\u8d0f\u5728\u8d77\u8dd1\u9ede\u4e0a\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u7406\u8ca1\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u5b50\u5973\uff0c\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u4eba\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u548c\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u5f80\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300c\u9f8d\u4ea4\u9f8d\u3001\u9cf3\u4ea4\u9cf3\u300d(assortative mating)\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u300c\u98db\u4e0a\u679d\u982d\u8b8a\u9cf3\u51f0\u300d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u4f9d\u820a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An OECD study that covers cohabitation as well as marriage patterns confirms that assortative mating has risen faster in the highly unequal United States than in other developed countries.” The data further reveal that this kind of mating is not just an effect of inequality but a contributing cause. As much as one third of the increase in household income inequality in recent decades (the estimates vary depending on various measurement assumptions) is attributable to the fact that money mates with money and broke mates with broke. The practice is to some extent a consequence of the privatization of care already discussed. You can’t marry the nanny anymore, so the trick is to marry someone who can split the cost of the nanny with you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u9f8d\u4ea4\u9f8d\u3001\u9cf3\u4ea4\u9cf3\u300d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5728\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u66f4\u986f\u8457\uff0c\u52a0\u5287\u8ca7\u5bcc\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u3002\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u548c\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u4e92\u7d50\u9023\u7406\uff0c\u7aae\u4eba\u548c\u7aae\u4eba\u540c\u5b88\u5bd2\u7aaf\uff0c\u70ba\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u7684\u52a0\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u4e86\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u793e\u6703\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u53bb\u7d50\u5a5a\u800c\u64c1\u6709\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026While people with college degrees have been getting married and staying married in roughly constant proportions (after a transitional blip in the 1970), the proportion of working-class adults in marriages plummeted from 57 percent in 1990 to 39 percent in 2020, while the proportion among low-income adults crashed from 51 percent to 26 percent. Meanwhile, among women with high school education or less, the rate of births out of marriage shot up from 20 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2012\u2026” <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9e1990\u52302020\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u5c08\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5b78\u6b77\u7d50\u5a5a\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5927\u6982\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8b8a\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u7d50\u5a5a\u7684\u753157%\u964d\u523039%\uff0c\u800c\u4f4e\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u753151%\u964d\u523026%\u3002\u800c\u75311970\u5e74\u52302012\u5e74\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b78\u6b74\u7684\u5a66\u5973\uff0c\u6709\u5a5a\u751f\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5247\u753120%\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u4e8660%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ca7\u5bcc\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7d50\u5a5a\u548c\u5e73\u7a69\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5962\u4f88\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How do those succeed in the assortative game against the odds\u2014\u2014that is, those who make it without having access to the Ultra lifestyle\u2014\u2014respond to these developments?\u2026All of this can be read from the simplest demographic comparisons between America’s red states and blue states: high inequality correlates with both higher porn usage and higher church attendance, with both higher divorce rates and higher levels of “pro-family” belief.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f9e\u7f8e\u570b\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u5dde\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5dde\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7d71\u8a08\u8cc7\u6599\u6bd4\u8f03\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8ca7\u5bcc\u7684\u61f8\u6b8a\u6108\u5927\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8272\u60c5\u696d\u66f4\u6cdb\u6feb\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u4e0a\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u96e2\u5a5a\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u66f4\u64c1\u8b77\u300c\u5bb6\u5ead\u81f3\u4e0a\u300d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u53f0\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5ddd\u666e\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026He is a “strongman.” He is definitely not “gay.” He prizes those women who perform stereotypical femininity unstintingly. To the disempowered men, he offers a model of the virility they wish to have in themselves, a conviction that they have a right to property in women, and the prospect of exacting revenge against those women who do not follow the rules. To disempowered women, he offers the model of a strong provider, the hope for security in a world not organized for their benefit. To the defensive couples that make up much of the middle of society, he offers protection against the loose (or empowered) women and effete men who threaten this precarious order of the genders on which their own sense of security depends. This is the reality not just in Trump’s America but in Putin’s Russia, Erdogan’s Turkey, Orb\u00e1n’s Hungary, Bolsonaro’s Brazil, and in countless other instances from the past.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\u662f\u8aaa\uff1a\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u5f37\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u8b9a\u63da\u76e1\u5fc3\u626e\u6f14\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5a66\u5973\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d\u65bc\u88ab\u525d\u596a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5011\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u5c55\u793a\u7537\u5b50\u6c23\u6982\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u7279\u8cea\u64c1\u6709\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4e26\u6703\u5831\u5fa9\u4e0d\u9806\u5f9e\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d\u88ab\u525d\u596a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5011\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5e87\u8b77\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u672a\u80fd\u7b26\u5408\u5973\u6027\u5229\u76ca\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d\u65bc\u7d44\u6210\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u5c64\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\u4f34\u4fb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u653e\u8569(\u6216\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u6b0a\u529b\u7684)\u5973\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5a01\u8105\u5230\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u5169\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u4e4b\u6240\u7e6b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b62\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5ddd\u666e\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u666e\u4e01\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\uff0c\u57c3\u723e\u591a\u5b89\u7684\u571f\u8033\u5176\uff0c\u5967\u73ed\u7684\u5308\u7259\u5229\uff0c\u535a\u723e\u7d22\u7d0d\u7f85\u7684\u5df4\u897f\uff0c\u5728\u904e\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7121\u6578\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6027\u5225\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u662f\u9060\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f9e\u8fb2\u696d\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u751f\u7522\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8ca7\u5bcc\u4e0d\u5747\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u4e4b\u5f8c\u767c\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u53ad\u5973(misogyny)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u76849.9%\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6df1\u77e5\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u70ba\u4f55\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026Their achievement in demonstrating that a liberal, relatively gender-equal, care-centered way of life, far from spelling doom as the priesthoods of ancient rulers and modern think tanks have long warned, creates vibrant families and a vigorous society remains a significant historical accomplishment. But they have built this liberated world on an island of privilege\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u5011(\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u76849.9%\u7684\u4eba)\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3001\u6027\u5225\u76f8\u5c0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u95dc\u611b\u70ba\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9060\u6bd4\u53e4\u4ee3\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u5229\u7528\u796d\u53f8\u4ee5\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6050\u5687\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u73fe\u4ee3\u667a\u5eab\u9577\u671f\u5c0d\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u8ac4\u8ac4\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u9084\u66f4\u70ba\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5728\u5275\u9020\u5145\u6eff\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u53ca\u751f\u6c23\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u7d42\u7a76\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u9019\u500b\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u81ea\u5916\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\u5b64\u5cf6\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9020\u5c31\u64c1\u6709\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u76849.9%\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u65e2\u662f\u5176\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u7acb\u570b\u7684\u5148\u8ce2\u9ad8\u77bb\u9060\u56d1\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u666e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u5357\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u5f88\u591a\u9ed1\u5974\u7684\u838a\u5712\uff0c\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u300c\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u300d\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u6703\u8d0a\u540c\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u82b1\u5927\u9322\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6797\u80af\u7e3d\u7d71\u57281962\u5e74\u5165\u4e3b\u767d\u5bae\uff0c\u6642\u503c\u5728\u5357\u5317\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u6230\u7dda\u5f8c\u65b9\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u4ee3\u8868\u5f37\u529b\u63a8\u52d5\u666e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u57281890\u5e74\u901a\u904e\u571f\u5730\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b1700\u842c\u516c\u755d\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e8669\u9593\u5927\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u671f\u9593\u53ca\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u9000\u4f0d\u8ecd\u4eba\u4e0a\u5927\u5b78\u3002\u53ca\u81f31965\u5e74\uff0cEducation Opportunity Grants\u6cd5\u6848\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u6bcf\u5e74\u82b1200\u5104\u7f8e\u91d1\u5e6b\u52a9700\u842c\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u6236\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u4e0a\u5927\u5b78\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u6bcf\u5e74\u9084\u82b1300\u5104\u7f8e\u91d1\u88dc\u52a9\u5927\u5b78\u7d93\u8cbb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u666e\u53ca\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u67d0\u500b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u70ba\u90a39.9%\u7684\u5bcc\u6709\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1967\u5e74\uff0c\u96f7\u6839\u7576\u9078\u52a0\u5dde\u5dde\u9577\uff0c\u5be6\u65bd\u6e1b\u7a05\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u5c0d\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u88dc\u52a9\u4e26\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b78\u8cbb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026Considered in its totality, the agenda that has guided American higher education over the past four decades may be called the “Great Reprivatization. The motivating idea behind the agenda is the belief that education is a private good that trades in accordance with every one of the prejudices of economic dogma. Educating citizens has no public purpose beyond satisfying the desires of the particular parties involved: a student in need of training and an institution willing to supply it. Producing knowledge can only matter insofar as it produces private profits. The merit of individuals can be measured entirely in their ability to make money. Government at all levels should therefore remove itself as much as possible from the higher education business. Although the agenda was and often still is wrapped in the flag and presented in the rhetoric of freedom, it is very nearly the opposite of the vision of Americs founders for education in a democratic society\u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Following Reagan’s election to the presidency in 1980, the Great Reprivatization was soon encoded in state budgets around the nation. Even as enrollments continued to climb, the states slashed funding to universities from 15 percent of state expenditures in 1990 to 9 percent in 2017 In the first fourteen years of the twenty-first century, state funding per student collapsed by nearly 30 percent in inflation-adjusted dollars\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u96f7\u6839\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u79c1\u6709\u8ca1\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u7f8e\u570b\u5148\u8ce2\u6240\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u3002\u5728\u96f7\u6839\u9032\u5165\u767d\u5bae\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u5c31\u63a8\u52d5\u81f3\u5168\u570b\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u91cf\u522a\u6e1b\u88dc\u52a9\u7684\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u8ca1\u52d9\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u5c31\u4ee5\u9ad8\u5b78\u8cbb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u843d\u5728\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u53d7\u5230\u6700\u5927\u885d\u64ca\u7684\u662f\u6536\u5165\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4e86\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u6216\u4e00\u7562\u696d\u5c31\u63f9\u8ca0\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u50b5\u52d9\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u6703\u59a8\u7919\u793e\u6703\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u53c8\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u6df1\u8ca7\u5bcc\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u4f7f\u90a39.9%\u7684\u5bcc\u88d5\u968e\u7d1a\u53c8\u76ca\u5f62\u7a69\u56fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u7684\u8cbb\u7528\u522a\u6e1b\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e0d\u53ea\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u7d93\u8cbb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u516c\u5171\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9577\u6625\u85e4\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u56db\u5e74\u5b78\u8cbb\u5927\u7d04\u898135\u842c\u7f8e\u91d1\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u734e\u52a9\u5b78\u91d1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u5bb6\u5ead\u80fd\u8ca0\u64d4\u5f97\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u5230\u540d\u6821\u904e\u6c34\u934d\u91d1\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u65c1\u9580\u5de6\u9053\uff0c\u5343\u65b9\u767e\u8a08\u60f3\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u4e0a\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u60dc\u72af\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a39.9%\u7684\u5bcc\u88d5\u968e\u7d1a\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u5927\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u6703\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f4f\u5728\u90fd\u5e02\u6700\u7cbe\u83ef\u7684\u5730\u5340(\u6240\u8b02\u86cb\u9ec3\u5340)\u3002\u4ee5\u7f8e\u570b\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5340\u57df\u7684\u5bcc\u4eba\uff0c\u6703\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u4fdd\u6301\u4f4e\u5ea6\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5229\u7528\u6709\u91cd\u91cd\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u7dad\u6301\u4f4f\u793e\u5340\u623f\u5730\u7522\u7684\u9ad8\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u597d\u768413\u5ea7\u516c\u7acb\u5c0f\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u670910\u5ea7\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7684Palo Alto Unified School District(\u5728\u5340\u5167\u6709\u52a0\u5dde\u6700\u597d4\u5ea7\u516c\u7acb\u4e2d\u5b78\u4e2d\u76842\u5ea7)\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u90fd\u662f\u514d\u8cbb\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u554f\u984c\u662f\u4f60\u5fc5\u9700\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u8cb7\u623f\uff0c\u4e00\u68df\u4e2d\u50f9\u4f4d\u7684\u8981280\u842c\u7f8e\u91d1(8,400\u842c\u53f0\u5e63)\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u8ab0\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u8b80\u5f97\u8d77\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u597d\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u5c0f\u5b78\u3001\u5168\u52a0\u5dde\u6700\u597d\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u4e2d\u5b78\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The geographical concentration of wealth brings many additional advantages for the lucky few beyond better schools and commutes. It supplies residents with social capital, in the form of networks that can help deliver valuable internships for the kids and open up business opportunities with prospective clients and employers. It delivers better security, nicer parks, and other public amenities. Maybe the most underappreciated benefit it delivers is the rush that comes with the exercise of power over one’s local fiefdom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4f4f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5340\u6bb5\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5b78\u5340\u597d\u548c\u901a\u52e4\u4ea4\u901a\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u90a3\u9084\u4ee3\u8868\u5bcc\u88d5\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u5be6\u7fd2\u548c\u505a\u751f\u610f\u53ca\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u5c45\u4f4f\u74b0\u5883\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u516c\u5712\u66f4\u4e7e\u6de8\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8a2d\u65bd\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u524d0.1%\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\u662f\u5728\u80a1\u7968\u4e0a\u9762\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u6b21\u7684\u90a39.9%\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5247\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u900f\u904e\u623f\u5730\u7522\u81f4\u5bcc\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6bcf\u7576\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u51fa\u623f\u5730\u7522\u7684\u5229\u591a\uff0c\u5982\u6e1b\u7a05\u6216\u4f4e\u5229\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6536\u5165\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u67d0\u500b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u88dc\u8cbc\u9019\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bcc\u88d5\u76849.9%\u7684\u4eba\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u516c\u5171\u8a2d\u65bd\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5c0d\u4ef0\u8cf4\u516c\u5171\u8a2d\u65bd\u6bd4\u8f03\u6df1\uff0c\u4f4f\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ca7\u7aae\u5730\u5340\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u986f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f549.9%\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0d\u91d1\u9322\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u662f\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u6211\u5011\u7d71\u8a08\u8af8\u5982\u8eab\u9ad8\u3001\u9ad4\u91cd\u3001\u667a\u5546\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u9ad8\u65af\u5206\u4f48(Gaussian distribution)\uff0c\u4e5f\u53eb\u505a\u5e38\u614b\u5206\u4f48(Normal distribution)\uff0c\u5728\u5716\u5f62\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9418\u578b\u66f2\u7dda(Bell curve)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u8eab\u9ad8\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5f88\u77ee\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u96a8\u8457\u8eab\u9ad8\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4eba\u6578\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u7de9\u6162\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4\u5e73\u5747\u8eab\u9ad8\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9644\u8fd1\u9054\u5230\u9ad8\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u5f9e\u90a3\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4eba\u6578\u9010\u6f38\u8b8a\u5c11\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u4f48\u61c9\u8a72\u4e5f\u662f\u63a5\u8fd1\u5e38\u614b\u5206\u4f48\u624d\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5047\u8a2d\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc(\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u5f97)\uff0c\u662f\u8ad6\u529f\u884c\u8cde(meritocracy)\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u80fd\u529b(merit)\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7167\u7406\u8aaa\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6216\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5206\u4f48\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u4e5f\u662f\u5448\u73fe\u5e38\u614b\u5206\u914d\u7684\u624d\u5c0d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5206\u914d\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u5176\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u5247\u662f\u6307\u6578\u5206\u914d(Exponential distrition)\uff0c\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5206\u914d\u5716\u7684\u5de6\u65b9\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u96a8\u8457\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4eba\u6578\u6025\u5287\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5fae\u5fae\u4e0b\u51f9\u7684\u9661\u5761\u578b\u66f2\u7dda\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ca1\u5bcc(\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u5f97)\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ad6\u529f\u884c\u8cde(meritocracy)\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u751a\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u793e\u6703\u662f\u8ad6\u529f\u884c\u8cde\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u6df1\u6839\u8482\u56fa\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u5982\u770b\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u6709\u5341\u500d\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u7e3d\u50be\u5411\u76f8\u4fe1\u90a3\u5f8c\u9762\u6709\u591a\u5341\u500d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53ca\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u7b46\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u5ddd\u666e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u770b\u5230\u6bd4\u8f03\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ea\u8981\u90a3\u4e9b\u9ed1\u4eba\u518d\u52aa\u529b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u904e\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u6f5b\u53f0\u8a5e\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\u904e\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u592a\u61f6\u60f0\u3002\u64da\u8aaa\u9019\u662f\u8fa8\u8b58\u5ddd\u666e\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026As one study confirms, \u201clower-income individuals are less likely to reject the meritocratic ideal where economic inequality is greater,\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u6108\u61f8\u6b8a\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u6108\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u662f\u8ad6\u529f\u884c\u8cde\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u6108\u6df1\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7591\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u9435\u5f8b(Iron Law of Merit)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u6108\u986f\u5f97\u6108\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u66f4\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002(The more merit seems to matter, the less it actually explains.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u5bb6\u96b1\u96b1\u611f\u89ba\u8ca1\u5bcc\/\u6240\u5f97\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7684\u4e0d\u76f8\u7a31\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u80fd\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u624b\u4e0a\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u82b1\u66f4\u9577\u7684\u6642\u9593\u53bb\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6700\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5750\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u7e3d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e8b\u4f86\u6d88\u78e8\u6642\u9593\u7684\u767d\u9818\u968e\u7d1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u54c8\u4f5b\u7562\u696d\u7684\u9ea5\u80af\u932b\u9867\u554f\u5e2b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6c92\u65e5\u6c92\u591c\u7684\u9577\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7b26\u54089.9%\u7684\u5bcc\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u80fd\u529b\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u529b\u6295\u5165\u7684\u5974\u6027\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793e\u6703\u6108\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u5c31\u6108\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ad6\u529f\u884c\u8cde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.9%\u7684\u5bcc\u4eba\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u83c1\u82f1\u5f0f\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u57f9\u990a\u548c\u4f9b\u7d66\uff0c\u4e26\u548c\u5be1\u4f54\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u53ca\u91d1\u878d\u696d\u5bc6\u5207\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u81a8\u8139\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u66f4\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u6539\u9769\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7f8e\u570b9.9%\u7684\u5bcc\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u4eba\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u91ab\u751f\u3001\u5f8b\u5e2b\u3001\u6703\u8a08\u5e2b\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u300c\u767d\u9818\u968e\u7d1a\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8ca7\u5bcc\u4e0d\u5747\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u5dff\u5834\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5927\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u5011\u5176\u4e2d\u9084\u5305\u542b\u90a3\u4e9b\u62ff\u9ad8\u696d\u7e3e\u734e\u91d1\u3001\u807d\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u5192\u4e0a\u5927\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613\u54e1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u9084\u5f97\u62ff\u7d0d\u7a05\u4eba\u7684\u9322\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6551\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u5c6c\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u6295\u8cc7\u4e4b\u795e\u57281995\u5e74\u5c0d\u80a1\u6771\uff0c\u76f4\u767d\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\u51fa\u4ed6\u5c0d\u65bc\u5e02\u5834\u6709\u7368\u4f54\u5730\u4f4d\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u937e\u611b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn business, I look for economic castles protected by unbreachable \u2018moats,\u201d ~ Warren Buffett<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u8af8\u591a\u5e02\u5834\u4f54\u6709\u7387\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u7af6\u722d\u8b8a\u5f97\u5944\u5944\u4e00\u606f\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u82b1\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9322\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u6602\u8cb4\u800c\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u6216\u7522\u54c1\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u662f\u8ab0\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5462\uff1f <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u64c1\u6709\u6700\u591a\u80a1\u7968\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u90a3\u524d01%\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u6392\u540d9.9%\u7684\u5bcc\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u96e8\u9732\u5747\u6cbe\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Who wins in this euthanasia of the American marketplace? Everybody loses in the end, of course, but some people do pick up hefty paychecks on the way down. Economists Lina Khan and Sandeep Vaheesan point to the answer in the context of an influential analysis of Amazon’s new, platform-based method of dominating the online marketplace: “Monopoly pricing on goods and services turns the disposable income of the many into capital gains, dividends, and executive compensation for the few.” They perhaps forgot to add the few who serve the few.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The biggest winners in the destruction of markets have been the 0.1 percent, but the 9.9 percent can claim the consolation prize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of managerial occupations that dominate the 9.9 percent overlaps neatly with a list of sectors that enjoy the greatest freedom from the market\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u8981\u62ff\u9ad8\u85aa\uff0c\u53bb\u5df4\u83f2\u7279\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6e96\u6c92\u6709\u932f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u6a23\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5e02\u5834\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u727d\u5236\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5f88\u5c08\u5236\u7368\u88c1\u7684(the model of totalitarian dictatorships)\uff0c\u5c0d\u4f60\u64c1\u6709\u6975\u5927\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u2026..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.9%\u7684\u5bcc\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u300d(professionist)\u5982\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u5247\u900f\u904e\u6210\u7acb\u5354\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f8e\u570b\u91ab\u751f\u7684\u6240\u5f97\uff0c\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5169\u500d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c24\u4ee5\u7259\u91ab\u70ba\u751a\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7f8e\u570b\u91ab\u751f\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f8b\u5e2b\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6bcf100\u5143\u7684GDP\uff0c\u5c31\u67091.66\u5143\u82b1\u5728\u5f8b\u5e2b\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u53ea\u67090.66\u5143\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u4e5f\u7121\u8a1f\u4e4e\u55ce\uff1f(\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5b54\u5b50\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u4e0d\u61c2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u82b1\u85dd\u5e2b\u3001\u623f\u5730\u7522\u4ef2\u4ecb\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u62cd\u8ce3\u5b98\u3001\u5ba4\u5167\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b(Florist, real estate agents, auctioneers,interior decorators, \u2026 )\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u300d\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u900f\u904e\u57f7\u7167\u767c\u653e\u4f86\u63a7\u5236\u4eba\u529b\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u8eab\u50f9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c45\u7136\u6709\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u52de\u5de5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u57f7\u7167\u624d\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u300d\u9818\u9ad8\u85aa\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u662f\u8ca7\u5bcc\u4e0d\u5747\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5831\u916c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u6216\u77e5\u8b58\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The best way to return the 9.9 percent to the professional and managerial ideals that it once embodied is to reestablish American markets on their proper foundations. We need an antitrust policy, not a pro-trust policy in disguise. As Zephyr Teachout and Tim Wu have argued, we need to break up the tech monopolies, break up the banks, break up the airlines, and keep on breaking up whatever new monsters arise to threaten free and productive exchange among humans. We also need to empower workers so that they can bargain effectively with employers rather than simply choose how to get screwed. That means raising the minimum wage, bringing back collective bargaining, making health care a right rather than a perk of employment, and stripping corporations of their obscene power to interfere in the labor market with anticompetitive contracts. We need to vaporize the insane doctrine that corporations owe nothing to anyone but shareholders. We should demand instead that they reciprocate on the licenses and privileges that the public grants them with transparency in all operations (and not merely for publicly listed corporations), and governance that reflects the interests of all stakeholders. Most of the solutions to the present crisis of inequality, it is worth reiterating, call not for the abandonment of markets but for a better understanding of what markets actually are and what they can and cannot do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u662f\u90a39.9%\u5bcc\u4eba\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8981\u53cd\u6258\u62c9\u65af\uff0c\u8981\u62c6\u5206\u6709\u7368\u4f54\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u62c6\u5206\u9280\u884c\uff0c\u62c6\u5206\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u8981\u62c6\u5206\u6703\u5a01\u8105\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u9593\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6709\u76ca\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u7684\u602a\u7269\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u8981\u8ce6\u4e88\u54e1\u5de5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53bb\u8ddf\u96c7\u4e3b\u9032\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8ac7\u5224\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8a8d\u547d\u5730\u7b97\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u3001\u6062\u5fa9\u52de\u8cc7\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u5354\u5546\u3001\u8996\u54e1\u5de5\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u96aa\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b0a\u5229\u800c\u975e\u798f\u5229\u3001\u53bb\u9664\u516c\u53f8\u99ed\u4eba\u807d\u805e\u7528\u53cd\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\u5e72\u9810\u52de\u52d5\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300c\u516c\u53f8\u53ea\u70ba\u8b00\u6c42\u80a1\u6771\u6b0a\u76ca\u300d\u7684\u9019\u9805\u6559\u689d\u5fc5\u9808\u53bb\u9664\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5927\u773e\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u57f7\u7167\u548c\u7279\u6b0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u8981\u56de\u994b\u5927\u773e\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u6cbb\u7406\u4f5c\u696d\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5ea6(\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e02\u516c\u53f8)\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u53cd\u61c9\u5404\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u65b9\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u518d\u4e09\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u653e\u68c4\u5e02\u5834\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u5e02\u5834\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5b83\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53c8\u662f\u5b83\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1945\u52301975\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u8f03\u5c0f\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u904e\u53bb40\u5e74\uff0c\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u8b8a\u5927\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u4e5f\u9072\u6eef\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u9f13\u52f5\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u6a23\u7684\u751f\u7522\u529b\u6210\u9577\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u3002\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53cd\u5411\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ca7\u5bcc\u7684\u61f8\u6b8a\uff0c\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\u826f\u5fc3\u3002\u6975\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u81ea\u6211\u81a8\u8139\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u53ea\u8981\u559c\u6b61\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\uff0c\u5982\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u6cd5\u8001\u738b\u6216\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u79e6\u59cb\u7687\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u793e\u6703\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u9802\u7aef\uff0c\u5c31\u60f3\u8457\u8981\u5ef6\u9577\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\uff0c\u7121\u9650\u4e0a\u7db1\u5974\u96b8\u4eba\u6c11\u3001\u7528\u76e1\u6c11\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u7763\u9020\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7684\u83c1\u82f1\u5de5\u5320\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u4ee5\u5403\u5230\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8089\uff0c\u5206\u5230\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u5247\u591a\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u5403\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73fe\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b9.9%\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6191\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e5f\u505a\u8457\u50cf\u6cd5\u8001\u738b\u548c\u79e6\u59cb\u7687\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u5927\u5922\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b6c\u5982\u6709\u4eba\u5c45\u7136\u6703\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u7403\u7684\u751f\u614b\u5d29\u6f70\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u600e\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u50cfElon Musk\u548c Jeff Bezos\u7b49\uff0c\u5247\u5922\u60f3\u80fd\u5230\u5225\u7684\u661f\u7403\u5efa\u7acb\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u4eba\u5247\u5c0b\u6c42\u300c\u7570\u7a2e\u5171\u751f\u300d(parabiosis)\u7684\u56de\u6625\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u628a\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u6ce8\u5165\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\ud855\ude83\uff0c\u4ee5\u9054\u5230\u53cd\u8001\u56de\u7ae5\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u64da\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6b0a\u529b\u4f4d\u65bc\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u9802\u7aef\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9aa8\u9abc\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u662f\u6709\u986f\u8457\u5dee\u7570\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u6b63\u662f\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u7121\u7368\u6709\u5076\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u90a3\u4e9b9.9%\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u505a\u8457\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u5922\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u532a\u5937\u6240\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7f8e\u570b9.9%\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u67092%\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead(\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4f5413%)\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u8d85\u904e2%\u662f\u62c9\u4e01\u88d4\u9ed1\u4eba(\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4f5417%)\uff1b\u4e9e\u88d4\u67095%(\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u4f54\u7d045%)\u3002\u6263\u9664\u9019\u4e9b(2%+2%+5%)\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8aaa\u7f8e\u570b9.9%\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c91%\u662f\u767d\u4eba\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9e\u6536\u5165\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u767d\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u5982\u679c\u67091\u5143\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9ed1\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u67090.6\u5143\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u88d4\u5bb6\u5ead\u67090.72\u5143\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5dee\u7570\u4e0d\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u914d\u4e0a\u6703\u90a3\u9ebc\u61f8\u6b8a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u623f\u5730\u7522\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u548c\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u7a2e\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4f4f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5340\u4f4d\u7684\uff0c(\u4e00\u7a2e\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u6027\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2)\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u6cbb\u5b89\u8f03\u5dee\uff0c\u623f\u5730\u7522\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u4e5f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6452\u9664\u516c\u5171\u8a2d\u65bd\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u623f\u5b50\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u5efa\u7bc9\u54c1\u8cea\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8ddf\u623f\u5730\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u9ed1\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u5340\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u5c31\u6bd4\u767d\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u5340\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4f4e\u4e86\u7f8e\u91d148,000\u5143\u3002(\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u767d\u4eba\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u7d05\u5229race dividend)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9ed1\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6578\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u6bd4\u767d\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6578\u6536\u5165\u5c11\u7f8e\u91d129,000\u5143\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u4f3c\u4e4e\u898b\u602a\u4e0d\u602a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u505a\u540c\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4e5f\u6bd4\u9ed1\u4eba\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u767d\u4eba\u662f\u5728\u767d\u4eba\u5340\u70ba\u66f4\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u4eba\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u62ff\u5230\u6bd4\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u5831\u916c\u3002\u800c\u9019\u67d0\u500b\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u90a3\u4ed8\u5f97\u8d77\u3001\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u623f\u5730\u7522\u50f9\u503c\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u767d\u4eba\uff0c\u628a\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u7d05\u7528\u8f03\u9ad8\u85aa\u6c34\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ed8\u7d66\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u767d\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u9700\u662f\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9019\u500b\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71(\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9systemic racism)\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u597d\u8655\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u767d\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u4eab\u53d7\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u767d\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u53d7\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u5bcc\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6709\u4e00\u7fa4\u767d\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5145\u6eff\u618e\u6068\uff0c\u628a\u6012\u6c23\u8f49\u5230\u9ed1\u4eba\u3001\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6210\u70ba\u5ddd\u666e\u7576\u9078\u7e3d\u7d71\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7968\u6e90\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u5176\u5be6\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u53d7\u5bb3\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u90a39.9%\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578(91%)\u662f\u767d\u4eba\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u9ed1\u4eba\u6bd4\u767d\u4eba\u591a\u516d\u500d\u53ef\u80fd\u5165\u7344\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u9ed1\u4eba\u5b78\u751f\u4e5f\u6bd4\u767d\u4eba\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u7559\u6821\u67e5\u770b\u6216\u9001\u4ea4\u8b66\u65b9\u8655\u7406\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u610f\u50be\u5411\u5f37\u529b\u57f7\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6b63\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u7a2e\u65cf\u7684\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u8b93\u9ed1\u4eba\u8655\u65bc\u66f4\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a(inequality)\u662f\u7a2e\u65cf\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u7a2e\u65cf\u554f\u984c\u3002\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f9d\u8ca7\u5bcc\u800c\u5206\u5340\u5c45\u4f4f\uff1b\u907f\u514d\u5728\u5bcc\u4eba\u5340\u4ed8\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u85aa\u6c34\uff1b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u8cc7\uff1b\u89e3\u9664\u9ad8\u85aa\u7a2e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u969c\u7919(\u8b6c\u5982\u540c\u696d\u516c\u6703\u53ca\u57f7\u7167\u7b49)\uff1b\u5c0d\u5750\u6536\u6f01\u5229\u7684\u5bcc\u4eba\u6240\u5f97\u8ab2\u7a05\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1785\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u958b\u570b\u7684\u5148\u8ce2Thomas Jefferson\u5230\u6cd5\u570b\u5df4\u9ece\u5357\u908a\u7684\u6953\u4e39\u767d\u9732(Fontainebleau)\u5065\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6953\u4e39\u767d\u9732\u7576\u6642\u662f\u6cd5\u570b\u570b\u738b\u3001\u8cb4\u65cf\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u89aa\u4fe1\u5011\u72e9\u7375\u4f11\u9592\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Jefferson\u78b0\u5230\u4e00\u4f4d\u8ca7\u82e6\u7684\u8fb2\u5a66\uff0c\u5c0f\u804a\u4e4b\u4e0b\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u843d\u5f97\u6709\u4e00\u9910\u6c92\u4e00\u9910\uff0c\u548c\u80fd\u5230\u90a3\u88e1\u72e9\u7375\u4f11\u9592\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6975\u5927\u7684\u53cd\u5dee\u3002\u4ed6\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7dad\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684(\u7d50\u679c\u57284\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u679c\u7136\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u665aJefferson\u7acb\u99ac\u5c31\u5beb\u4fe1\u7d66\u6642\u4efb\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71James Madison\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u4ed6\u8981\u5118\u901f\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u958b\u5fb5property in geometrical progression \u7a05(\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7d2f\u9032\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7a05progressive wealth tax)\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u7684\u767c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8a00\u8005\u8ac4\u8ac4\uff0c\u807d\u8005\u85d0\u85d0\uff0c\u53ca\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u73fe\u5728\u5c0d\u5bcc\u4eba\u6240\u8ab2\u7684\u7a0e\u7387\uff0c\u6bd4\u904e\u53bb\u9084\u8981\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u900f\u904e\u5f71\u97ff\u653f\u6b0a\uff0c\u5be6\u65bd\u5404\u7a2e\u6e1b\u7a05\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002(\u9023\u5ddd\u666e\u90fd\u63a8\u52d5\u4e86\u6e1b\u7a05\u65b9\u6848\u5462\uff01)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u5ba3\u50b3\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u76f8\u4fe1\u5c0d\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u88dc\u8cbc\u6703\u6d6a\u8cbb\u9322\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0d\u5982(\u5c0d\u5bcc\u4eba)\u8f15\u7a05\u7c21\u653f\uff0c\u6709\u9918\u9322\u6295\u8cc7\u628a\u9905\u70ba\u5927\u5bb6\u505a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u7a05\u6cd5\u4e4b\u8907\u96dc\u662f\u6709\u540d\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b9.9%\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u82b1\u5f97\u8d77\u9322\u8acb\u5f8b\u5e2b\u548c\u6703\u8a08\u5e2b\u5e6b\u4ed6\u5011\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7bc0\u7a05\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u5404\u5dde\u7684\u7a05\u6536\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ef0\u8cf4\u6d88\u8cbb\u7a05\u3002\u6240\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6d88\u8cbb\u4f54\u7e3d\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6bd4\u8f03\u9ad8\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u6d88\u8cbb\u7a05\u7684\u8ca0\u64d4\u4e0a\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f03\u91cd\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u52a0\u7e3d\u6bd4\u8f03(Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman\u7684\u7814\u7a76)\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u6240\u5f9725%\u7e73\u4e86\u7a05\uff0c\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7e73\u4e8628%\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u9322\u7684400\u4f4d\u7f8e\u570b\u516c\u6c11\u5247\u53ea\u7e73\u4e8623%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5404\u9805\u82b1\u8cbb\u548c\u88dc\u8cbc\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u50be\u5411\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u67d0\u500b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9019\u662f\u52ab\u8ca7\u6fdf\u5bcc\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u516c\u53f8\u80fd\u514d\u7a05\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u96aa\u88dc\u52a9\u6bcf\u5e74\u67092,500\u5104\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u8ca0\u64d4\u4e0d\u8d77\u4fdd\u96aa\u8005\u7684\u88dc\u52a9\u624d840\u5104\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\u88dc\u8cbc\uff0c\u662f\u5354\u52a9\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u53d6\u5f97\u4f4f\u623f\u7684\u88dc\u8cbc\u76843\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5728\u7e7c\u627f\u623f\u7522\u589e\u503c\u7a05\u4e0a\u6240\u6e1b\u8b93\u5438\u6536\u7684\u91d1\u984d\uff0c\u4e09\u500d\u65bc\u6bcf\u5929\u9935\u98fd300\u842c\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u6236\u5152\u7ae5\u5348\u9910\u8cbb\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u7e3d\u652f\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u5c11\u6578\u624d\u6578\u842c\u540d\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5927\u91d1\u984d\u6350\u8d08\u7684\u514d\u7a05\u984d\uff0c\u548c700\u842c\u540d\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u6236\u5b78\u751f\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u52a9\u5b78\u91d1\u7e3d\u984d\u76f8\u7576\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c0d\u8cc7\u672c\u6240\u5f97\u8ab2\u7a05\u6703\u626d\u66f2\u8cc7\u672c\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u6240\u5f97\u8ab2\u7a05\u5247\u4e0d\u6703\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u8ab2\u7a05\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8f03\u504f\u5411\u591a\u8ab2\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\uff0c\u5c0d\u5de5\u85aa\u968e\u7d1a\u8ca0\u64d4\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f03\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a00\u800c\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u300aThe 9.9%\u300b\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3b\u5f35\u5c0d\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8ab2\u4ee5\u7d2f\u9032\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7a05(progressive wealth tax)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b80\u5f8c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8981\u5c0d\u5bcc\u4eba\u8ab2\u7d2f\u9032\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7a05(progressive wealth tax)\uff0c\u5728\u300a21\u4e16\u7d00\u8cc7\u672c\u8ad6\u300b\u90a3\u672c\u66f8\u5167\u5c31\u88ab\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u591a\u7684\u662f\u907f\u7a05\u5929\u5802\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u5bcc\u53ef\u6575\u570b\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6562\u5687\u8d70\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5a92\u9ad4\u548c\u4f01\u696d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8981\u53cd\u624b\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u8ab2\u7a05\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u50cf\u7df4\u8475\u82b1\u5bf6\u5178\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5148\u5fc5\u81ea\u5bae\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u524d0.1%\u7684\u4eba\u64c1\u670925%\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u6b219.9%\u7684\u4eba\u64c1\u670950%\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u300c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u300d90%\u7684\u4eba\u64c1\u670925%\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7d1a\u8ddd\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u4eba\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6bd4\u662f1000:20:1\u3002\u5927\u5f97\u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u6bd4\u7f8e\u570b\u597d\u4e9b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4f9d\u7167\u8fd1\u5e74\u6240\u5f97\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6240\u5f97\u5206\u914d\u4e5f\u662f\u9010\u5e74\u60e1\u5316\u3002\u5bcc\u8005\u6108\u5bcc\uff0c\u8ca7\u8005\u6108\u8ca7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1789\u5e74\uff0c\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u5230\u4e86\u81e8\u754c\u9ede\uff0c\u9ede\u71c3\u4e86\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9084\u5b89\u82e5\u6cf0\u5c71\u5462\uff1f\u6216\u8a31\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u529b\u4e4b\u5f37\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u5404\u7a2e\u570b\u5bb6\u5927\u5668(\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u4f01\u696d)\u7684\u5bcc\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0d\u5167\u9084\u4f54\u8457\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u4e0a\u98a8\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53f0\u7063\u5c0f\u570b\u5be1\u6c11\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u61c9\u8a72\u5f15\u4ee5\u70ba\u9451\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\uff1aMatthew Stewart, \u300aThe 9.9%\uff0cThe New Aristocracy That Is Entrenching Inequality and Warping Our Culture\u300b, 2023, Simon & Schuster Paperbacks<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024\/8\/16 The 9.9%\uff0cThe New Aristocracy That Is Entrenching Inequality and Warping Our Culture Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u4e0d\u65b7\u52a0\u5927\u3002 \u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6392\u540d\u524d0.1% \u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38361","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38361"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38361\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38363,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38361\/revisions\/38363"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38361"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38361"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}