{"id":38293,"date":"2024-08-22T15:32:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-22T07:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=38293"},"modified":"2024-11-22T15:33:44","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T07:33:44","slug":"microbes-the-life-changing-story-of-germs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=38293","title":{"rendered":"microbes, the life-changing story of germs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u2026we know now that the vest majority of germs(bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, and protists) are either harmless or genuinely essential to human health. They are your intimate friends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u83cc(\u7d30\u83cc\u3001\u53e4\u83cc\u3001\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001\u771f\u83cc\u3001\u539f\u751f\u751f\u7269)\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7121\u5bb3\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u6538\u95dc\u4eba\u985e\u8eab\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u7b46\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u539f\u751f\u751f\u7269\u548c\u771f\u83cc\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u3001\u690d\u7269\u7b49\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u7684\u300c\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u300d\uff0c\u60df\u539f\u751f\u751f\u7269\u662f\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u6216\u53ea\u6709\u7c21\u55ae\u5e7e\u500b\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53e6\u884c\u5340\u5206\u51fa\u4f86)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026If you\u2019re healthy, your gastrointestinal tract alone is inhabited by about forty trillion bacteria. That\u2019s about the same number of cells of your body\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Germs are our ancient common ancestors. They outweigh all animals on Earth combined\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5167\uff0c\u55ae\u55ae\u8178\u80c3\u9053\u4e0a\u5c31\u9032\u99d0\u4e8640\u5146\u500b\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u6578\u91cf\u7d04\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5168\u8eab\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7e3d\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u83cc\u662f\u6211\u5011\u9060\u53e4\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u7e3d\u91cd\u91cf\u6bd4\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u52a0\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u90fd\u9084\u8981\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026Smallpox\u2026Black Death, Yersinia pestis \u2026Clostridioides difficile, Legionnaires\u2019 disease, Lyme disease, HIV\/AIDS, Ebola virus disease, West Nile virus encephalitis, SARS, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), and Zika virus infection\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But human\u2019s number one mortal enemy, both in the past and right now, is influenza virus,\u2026the \u201cking of infectious disease.\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026the great majority of germs are beneficial to human and planetary health. Germs offer us hope for new vaccines\u2014and better and longer lives. They are also be part of the solution to climate change\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5929\u82b1\u3001\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5(\u9f20\u75ab)\u3001\u56f0\u96e3\u68ad\u72c0\u82bd\u5b62\u687f\u83cc\u3001\u9000\u4f0d\u8ecd\u4eba\u75c7\u3001\u840a\u59c6\u75c5(\u4f2f\u6c0f\u758f\u87ba\u65cb\u9ad4Borrelia burgdorferi \u611f\u67d3\u7684\u8731tick\uff0c\u4fd7\u7a31\u58c1\u8768 \uff0c\u53ee\u54ac\u800c\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u4eba\u755c\u5171\u901a\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5)\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u514d\u75ab\u4e0d\u5168\u75c7\/\u611b\u6ecb\u75c5\u3001\u4f0a\u6ce2\u62c9\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001\u897f\u5c3c\u7f85\u6cb3\u71b1\u3001\u56b4\u91cd\u6025\u6027\u547c\u5438\u9053\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4(severe acute respiratory syndrome\uff09\u3001\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u91d1\u9ec3\u8272\u8461\u8404\u7403\u83cc(\u8d85\u7d1a\u7d30\u83cc)\u3001\u8332\u5361\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u6575\u4eba\uff0c\u5f9e\u904e\u53bb\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192\u75c5\u6bd2\u2026.. \u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u611f\u67d3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u4e4b\u738b\u300d\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u83cc\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u53ca\u6574\u500b\u5730\u7403\u90fd\u662f\u597d\u7684\u3002\u83cc\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u65b0\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u904e\u5f97\u66f4\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u66f4\u9577\u58fd\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u4e5f\u5168\u7403\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u5171\u670910^24\u9846\u661f\u661f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5927\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff0c1\u4e4b\u5f8c\u670924\u500b0\uff0c\u5146\u5146\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u83cc\u7684\u7e3d\u6578\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u662f10^30\uff0c1\u4e4b\u5f8c\u670930\u500b0 \uff0c1\u767e\u842c\u5146\u5146(a nonillion)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the terms germ, microorganism, and microbe are synonyms and are used interchangeably, germ is particularly fitting. The word comes from the Latin word germen, which refers to the sprout of a plant\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300c\u83cc\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5fae\u751f\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u300d\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u3002\u83cc(germ)\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6e90\u662fgermen\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u690d\u7269\u7684\u82bd\u2026..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u683c\u9675\u862d\u7684\u758a\u5c64\u77f3(stromatolites)\u5316\u77f3\u4e2d\u6240\u767c\u73fe\u7684\uff0c37\u5104\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u85cd\u7da0\u83cc\/\u85cd\u7da0\u85fb(cyanobacteria)\uff0c\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u77e5\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u751f\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u83cc\u662f\u6240\u6709\u751f\u547d\u6a39\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5206\u985e\u7684\u300c\u4e09\u57df(domain)\u7cfb\u7d71\u300d\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5206\u70ba\uff1a\u7d30\u83cc\u57df(Bacteria)\u3001\u53e4\u83cc\u57df(Archaea)\u3001\u771f\u6838\u57df(Eukarya)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d30\u83cc\u57df\u548c\u53e4\u83cc\u57df\u90fd\u662f\u7d30\u5c0f\u7684\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u771f\u6838\u57df\u5247\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u4e0b\u53c8\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u754c\uff1a\u771f\u83cc\u754c(Fungi)\u3001\u690d\u7269\u754c(Plantae)\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u754c(Animalia)\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u771f\u6838\u57df\u53c8\u5c07\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u6216\u53ea\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u5340\u5206\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u539f\u751f\u751f\u7269\u754c(Protozoa\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u64da\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u572838\u5104\u5e74\u524d\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u73fe\u5728\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u7684\u9f3b\u7956\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u7d0420\u5104\u5e74\u5f8c(\u8ddd\u4eca18\u5104\u5e74\u524d)\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u83cc\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u53e4\u83cc\u878d\u5408\u4e86\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u771f\u6838\u57df\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u985e(\u667a\u4eba\uff0cHomo sapiens)\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u985e\u4e0a\u662f\u771f\u6838\u57df(Eukarya)\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u754c(Animalia)\u3001\u810a\u7d22\u52d5\u7269\u9580(Chordata)\u3001\u54fa\u4e73\u7db1(Mammalia)\u3001\u9748\u9577\u76ee(Primates)\u3001\u4eba\u79d1(Hominidae)\u3001\u4eba\u5c6c(Homo)\u3001\u4eba(H. sapiens\uff09\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u6839\u6e90\u7684\u771f\u6838\u57df\uff0c\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u83cc\u548c\u53e4\u83cc\u7684\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u7d30\u83cc\u548c\u53e4\u83cc\u7684\u5f8c\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u75c5\u6bd2(virus)\uff0c\u5247\u8207\u773e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u975e\u5e38\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u5728\u86cb\u767d\u819c\u5167\u88f9\u8457\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u6c92\u6709\u65b0\u9673\u4ee3\u8b1d\u529f\u80fd(metabolism)\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9760\u88ab\u5b83\u5bc4\u751f\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b\u3002\u5728\u5206\u985e\u5b78\u4e0a\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd0\u5c31\u662fvirus\uff0c\u5176\u4e0b\u53c8\u5206\u6210\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u57df(domain)\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u7d30\u83cc\u57df(Bacteria)\u3001\u53e4\u83cc\u57df(Archaea)\u3001\u771f\u6838\u57df(Eukarya)\u7b49\u7b49\u5206\u5ead\u6297\u79ae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u75c5\u6bd2\u7a2e\u985e\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u4f30\u8a08\u6709\u6578\u5343\u842c\u7a2e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4eba\u8aaa\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u5104\u7a2e\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u7684\uff0c\u5247\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u7d04\u5176\u4e2d\u76845,000\u7a2e\u800c\u5df2\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7d30\u83cc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u67091,400\u7a2e\u662f\u6703\u81f4\u75c5\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4(pathogens)\uff0c\u800c\u53e4\u83cc\u4e2d\u5247\u53ea\u67091\u7a2e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u53eb\u505a\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u7684\uff0c\u5247\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad4\u6709\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bacteriophages are particularly abundant in seawater, where they far outnumber every other biological entity. For example, a liter of seawater collected from marine surface waters typically contains at least ten billion bacteria and one hundred billion viruses-the vast majority of which remain uncharacterized. All but overlooked until this century, these bacteriophages now are considered drivers of global biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Along with unicellular eukaryotes-plankton and algae they play an enormous role in shaping the earth’s atmosphere and in sustaining marine food webs. Bacteriophages are also indirectly responsible for limiting global warming. They reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by about three billion tons per year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\u662f\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6d77\u6c34\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u3002\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u3001\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u771f\u6838\u6d6e\u6e38\u751f\u7269(eukaryotes-plankton)\u3001\u85fb\u985e(algae)\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u7403\u78b3\u3001\u6c2e\u3001\u786b\u3001\u6c27\u7b49\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5faa\u74b0\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u5f62\u5851\u4e86\u5927\u6c23\uff0c\u662f\u4f9b\u61c9\u6d77\u4e2d\u751f\u7269\u98df\u7269\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\u5f9e\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u5927\u7d04300\u5104\u5678\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d30\u83cc\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u8005\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u78b3\u3001\u6c2e\u7684\u5faa\u74b0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u56fa\u6c2e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c0d\u690d\u7269\u76ca\u5f62\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u64da\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c\u4ee5\u751f\u7269\u91cf(biomass)\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u4f5480%\uff0c\u7d30\u83cc\u4f5415%\u3002\u771f\u83cc\u548c\u53e4\u83cc\u7684\u751f\u7269\u91cf\u8d85\u904e\u52d5\u7269\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u751f\u7269\u91cf\uff0c\u90fd\u6bd4\u4e0d\u4e0a\u75c5\u6bd2\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9e\u751f\u7269\u91cf\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u83cc\u985e(germs)\u9084\u771f\u662f\u8209\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u83cc\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u55ae\u770b\u83cc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5f9e\u6574\u500b\u751f\u614b\u7cfb(ecosystem)\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u662f\u74b0\u74b0\u76f8\u6263\u3001\u5507\u9f52\u76f8\u4f9d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u83cc\u662f\u7fa4\u9ad4\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u4ff1\u6709\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6027\u3002\u83cc\u5206\u6ccc\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7fa4\u9ad4\u611f\u61c9(Quorum sensing)\u9032\u884c\u5354\u8abf\u6e9d\u901a\u3002\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u7fa4\u9ad4\u611f\u61c9\uff0c\u4f86\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u9644\u8fd1\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u524d\u53bb\u5927\u5feb\u6736\u9823\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5169\u7a2e\u83cc\u5bc6\u5207\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u90a3\u53eb\u505a\u5171\u751f\u7684(symbiotic)\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u5171\u751f\u95dc\u4fc2\u5c0d\u96d9\u65b9\u90fd\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u4e92\u5229\u5171\u751f\u300d(mutualism)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u65b9\u7372\u5229\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u6c92\u6709\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u7247\u5229\u5171\u751f\u300d(commensalism)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u65b9\u7372\u5229\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u6709\u6240\u640d\u5931\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u5bc4\u751f\u300d(parasitism)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u83cc\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4e8c\u5206\u88c2(binary fission)\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u9996\u5148\u8907\u88fd\u907a\u50b3\u7269\u8ceaDNA\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7d30\u80de\u4e00\u5206\u70ba\u4e8c\uff0c\u5c31\u500d\u589e\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u83cc\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u83cc\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6703\u7522\u751f\u6709\u6bd2\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u62ff\u4f86\u5229\u7528\u7684\u6297\u751f\u7d20(antibiotics)\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u76e4\u5c3c\u897f\u6797(Penicillium)\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u771f\u83cc\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u80fd\u6bba\u83cc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u900f\u904e\u6bcd\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u5c31\u5782\u76f4\u907a\u50b3\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u83cc\u6700\u7279\u5225\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u4e4b\u9593\u6703\u9032\u884c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u6a6b\u5411\u4ea4\u63db\uff0chorizontal gene transfer(HGT)\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u6253\u5305\u57fa\u56e0\u7269\u8cea\u4f86\u50b3\u905e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u900f\u904e\u80fd\u81ea\u884c\u8907\u88fdDNA\u7684\u8cea\u9ad4(plasmids)\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u6a6b\u5411\u4ea4\u63db\uff0c\u8b93\u83cc\u8fc5\u901f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u7684DNA\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7b49\u5f85\u5206\u88c2\u751f\u6b96\u7522\u751f\u8b8a\u7570\u7684\u7de9\u6162\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u5176\u6f14\u5316\u53ca\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u9069\u61c9\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4eba\u985e\u7528\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u6642\uff0c\u83cc\u80fd\u5920\u7522\u751f\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u83cc\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u900f\u904e\u4eba\u50b3\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u6c34\u3001\u98df\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u50b3\u4eba\uff1a\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u9ebb\u75b9(measles)\u3001\u80ba\u7d50\u6838(tuberculosis)\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192(flu)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u900f\u904e\u6027\u63a5\u89f8\uff1a\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u611b\u6ecb\u75c5(HIV)\u3001\u62ab\u8863\u83cc(chlamydia)\u3001\u6ce1\u75b9(herpes)\u3001\u6dcb\u75c5(gonorrhea)\u3001\u6885\u6bd2(syphilis)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u900f\u904e\u6c34\u3001\u98df\u7269\u6c61\u67d3\uff1a\u8b6c\u5982\u50cf\u970d\u4e82\u3001\u75e2\u75be\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u8178\u80c3\u9053\u611f\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u83cc(germs)\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6458\u9304\u4f9b\u5927\u5bb6\u53c3\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\uff1aPhillip K. Peterson, M.D., microbes, the life-changing story of germs, 2022 , Prometheus Books<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024\/8\/22 microbes, the life-changing story of germs Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u2026we know now that the vest maj…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38293"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38293\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38295,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38293\/revisions\/38295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}