{"id":38272,"date":"2024-08-28T15:13:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-28T07:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=38272"},"modified":"2024-11-22T15:14:35","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T07:14:35","slug":"%e5%82%b3%e6%9f%93%e7%97%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=38272","title":{"rendered":"\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u611f\u67d3(infection)\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u622a\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u5b78\u8005\u5c08\u5bb6\u5c1a\u7121\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300aMicrobes\u300b\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u63f4\u5f15\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u666e\u904d\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An infection is any established relationship between a microbe and a host.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u611f\u67d3\u662f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5176\u5bbf\u4e3b\u4e4b\u9593\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u5982\u679c\u90a3\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4(pathogen)\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u4ee4\u5bbf\u4e3b\u751f\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u665a\u8fd1\u51fa\u73fe\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9000\u4f0d\u8ecd\u4eba\u75c7(Legionnaires\u2019 disease), <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u840a\u59c6\u75c5(Lyme disease), <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u514d\u75ab\u4e0d\u5168\u75c7\/\u611b\u6ecb\u75c5(HIV\/AIDS), <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6025\u6027\u547c\u5438\u9053\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4(SARS), <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u55dc\u8089\u93c8\u7403\u83cc(flesh-eating bacteria), <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u578b\u809d\u708e(hepatitis C), <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u897f\u5c3c\u7f85\u6cb3\u71b1(West Nile virus encephalitis), <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79bd\u6d41\u611f(bird flu), <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f0a\u6ce2\u62c9\u75c5\u6bd2(Ebola), <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8332\u5361\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3(Zika virus infection)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u5176\u5be6\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u51fa\u73fe\u904e\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u751a\u81f3\u5dee\u9ede\u5c31\u6ec5\u7d55\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u611f\u67d3\u4f9d\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u800c\u5206\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6d41\u884c\u6027(Epidemic)\uff1a\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5340\u57df\u5167\u6709\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u611f\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u6d41\u884c(Pandemic)\uff1a\u6709\u8de8\u5883\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u611f\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u761f\u75ab(plague)\uff1a\u6307\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f34\u96a8\u9ad8\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u761f\u75ab(plague)\u7684\u9019\u500b\u5b57\uff0c\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u6307\u7531\u9f20\u75ab\u687f\u83cc(Yersinia pestis)\u6240\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u9f20\u75ab\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u6703\u76ae\u4e0b\u51fa\u8840\u800c\u8b8a\u9ed1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5(The Black Death)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u91ab\u5b78\u4e0d\u767c\u9054\uff0c\u5c0d\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u5c31\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5e7e\u7a2e\u75be\u75c5\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9f20\u75ab(Bubonic plague): 50-60%<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u970d\u4e82(Cholera): 34%<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9ec3\u71b1\u75c5(Yellow fever): 15%<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6d41\u611f(Influenza): 13%<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u7b46\u8005\u6309\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5168\u7403\u6050\u614c\u7684Covid-19\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u7d041%\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u60f3\u4ee5\u524d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u8d85\u904e2\u4f4d\u6578\u4ee3\u8868\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u90fd\u8fa6\u55aa\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u77ed\u671f\u5167\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e00\u6b21\uff01)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u81f4\u6b7b\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u76f4\u63a5\u6230\u6b7b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u767c\u73fe\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u5247\u5e36\u53bb\u4e86\u5929\u82b1(small pox), \u6d41\u611f\uff08influenza\uff09, \u9ebb\u75b9(measles), \u6c99\u9580\u6c0f\u83cc\u8178\u80c3\u708e(salmonella gastroenteritis)\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6ec5\u7d55\u4e86\u6c92\u6709\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u6700\u7d42\u80fd\u4ee5\u6975\u5c11\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u8f15\u6613\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u52dd\u5229\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7121\u5bdc\u8aaa\u90a3\u662f\u7d30\u83cc\u6230\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5f9e\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u9077\u79fb\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u6a23\u6b7b\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5929\u82b1(Smallpox)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u904b\u7528\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u63a5\u7a2e\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed8\u5929\u82b1\u75c5\u6bd2(variola virus)\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u5df2\u7d93\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u5929\u82b1\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u75c5\u60a3\u662f\u51fa\u73fe\u57281977\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5929\u82b1\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u725b\u75d8(cowpox)\u3002Vaccine(\u75ab\u82d7\uff09\u9019\u500b\u5b57\u4f86\u81ea\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57vacca\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662fcow(\u725b)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u65e9\u572815\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u628a\u5929\u82b1\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u7d50\u75c2\uff0c\u63a5\u7a2e\u5230\u5065\u5eb7\u8005\u7684\u76ae\u819a\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u9810\u9632\u5929\u82b1\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u63a5\u7a2e\u4eba\u9ad4\u7684\u5929\u82b1\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u767c\u6210\u771f\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4e8618\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u6539\u7528\u725b\u75d8\u63a5\u7a2e\u624d\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5929\u82b1\u75c5\u6bd2(variola virus)\u7684\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5206\u5225\u5b58\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u4e9e\u7279\u862d\u5927\u548c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u9ad8\u898f\u683c\u4fdd\u5b89\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5167\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u6ec5\u7d55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5(The Black Death): \u9f20\u817a\u761f\u75ab(Bubonic Plague)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9f20\u817a\u761f\u75ab\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4\u662f\u9f20\u75ab\u687f\u83cc(Yersinia pestis)\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u800c\u8001\u9f20\u53ea\u662f\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9e\u9752\u9285\u5668\u6642\u4ee3(\u897f\u5143\u524d3,300-1,200\u5e74)\u4eba\u9aa8\u7684DNA\u5206\u6790\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9f20\u75ab\u687f\u83cc\u7684\u6e90\u982d\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u6771\u65b9\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4e00\u8def\u96a8\u8457\u8cbf\u6613\u8def\u7dda\u5f80\u897f\u50b3\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73fe\u5728\u91dd\u5c0d\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u9694\u96e2\u6aa2\u75ab(quarantine) \u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u6e90\u982d\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u62b5\u6297\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u6642\u5728\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u5916\u4f86\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u9694\u96e230\u5929\u624d\u80fd\u767b\u5cb8\u5165\u57ce\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u8b8a\u621040\u5929\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u300cQuarantino\u300d\uff0c\uff08\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u65b9\u8a00\u300cQuaranta giorni\u300d\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f40\u5929\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u9694\u96e2\u6aa2\u75ab\uff08Quarantine\uff09\u7684\u5b57\u6e90\u3002(\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6709\u6297\u751f\u7d20(antibiotics)\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u5df2\u7d93\u5927\u70ba\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u9f20\u75ab\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9f20\u75ab\u687f\u83cc\u4f9d\u7136\u5bc4\u751f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u91ce\u5916\u7684\u56d3\u9f52\u52d5\u7269(rodent)\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u81f3\u571f\u64a5\u9f20(prairie dog)\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u5712\u56e0\u6b64\u5efa\u8b70\u904a\u5ba2\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u4e8b\u5148\u5674\u542b\u6709DEET (\u5f85\u4e59\u59a5Diethyltoluamide) \u7684\u9a45\u87f2\u5291\u4f86\u9632\u8b77\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8981\u907f\u514d\u9935\u98df\u677e\u9f20(squirrels)\u3001\u82b1\u6817\u9f20(chipmunks)\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u56d3\u9f52\u52d5\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u767d\u6b7b\u75c5(The White Death)\uff1a\u80ba\u7d50\u6838(Tuberculosis)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u80ba\u7d50\u6838\u662f\u7531\u7d50\u6838\u5206\u679d\u687f\u83cc(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)\u5f15\u8d77\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u54b3\u55fd\u3001\u6253\u5674\u568f\u4eba\u50b3\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u4eba(95%)\u611f\u67d3\u7d50\u6838\u5206\u679d\u687f\u83cc\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u75c7\u72c0\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u8eab\u9ad4\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u8b8a\u5f31\u4e86\uff0c\u6216\u5403\u4e86\u67d0\u7a2e\u85e5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5e74\u7d00\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u6f5b\u4f0f\u7684\u7d50\u6838\u5206\u679d\u687f\u83cc\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6d3b\u8e8d\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u9aa8\u4e2d\u7d50\u6838\u5206\u679d\u687f\u83cc\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u4eba\u985e\u57285,000\u5e74\u524d\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u6709\u6240\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7531\u4eba\u50b3\u7d66\u7f8a\u725b\u7b49\u5bb6\u755c(\u9019\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u4eba\u50b3\u755c\u300danthroponosis\uff0c\u8206\u4e4b\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u662f\u300c\u755c\u50b3\u4eba\u300dzoonosis)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u96d6\u7136\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u6d77\u7345\u548c\u6d77\u8c79\uff0c\u4e5f\u628a\u80ba\u7d50\u6838\u5e36\u5230\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u6d77\u5cb8\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6253\u64ca\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5728\u300c\u767c\u73fe\u65b0\u5927\u9678\u300d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u5e36\u539f\u50b3\u5165\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u665a\u8fd1\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5c0d\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u6709\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u7684\u7d50\u6838\u687f\u83cc\uff08tubercle bacillus\uff09\u5df2\u7d93\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u80ba\u7d50\u6838\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u548c\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u4f4f\u5f97\u64c1\u64e0\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ca7\u7aae\u75c5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6700\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5168\u7403\u5728\u80ba\u7d50\u6838\u5728\u9632\u6cbb\u53ca\u65b0\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u958b\u767c\u6295\u8cc7\u4e0a\uff0c\u91d1\u984d\u56b4\u91cd\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7627\u75be(Malaria)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7627\u75be\u662f\u7531\u7627\u539f\u87f2(Plasmodium)\u5f15\u8d77\u3002\u7627\u539f\u87f2\u662f\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u548c\u52d5\u7269\u3001\u690d\u7269\u7b49\u7b49\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u771f\u6838\u57df(Eukarya)\u7684\u751f\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u524d\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u4ee5\u70ba\u7627\u75be\u662f\u6c61\u6fc1\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c mal \u662fbad\uff08\u58de)\uff0caria \u662f air(\u7a7a\u6c23)\uff0c\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u70bamalaria \uff0c\u76f4\u8b6f\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u58de\u7a7a\u6c23\u300d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7627\u539f\u87f2\u5bc4\u751f\u5728\u7627\u868a(anopheles mosquito)\uff0c\u7d93\u868a\u5b50\u53ee\u54ac\u800c\u50b3\u67d3\u5230\u4eba\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u7531\u91d1\u96de\u7d0d\u6a39(Cinchona tree)\u6a39\u76ae\u4e2d\u8403\u53d6\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u594e\u5bdc(Quinine)\uff0c\u662f\u6cbb\u7642\u7627\u75be\u7684\u7279\u6548\u85e5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u6bd2\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c60\u5466\u5466(Tu Youyou)\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e2d\u85e5\u4e2d\u8403\u53d6\u51fa\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u85e5\u9752\u84bf\u7d20(Artemisinin)\uff0c\u5609\u60e0\u4e16\u4eba\u3002 \u5c60\u5466\u5466\u56e0\u6b64\u57282015\u5e74\u7372\u9812\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5674\u7051\u6bba\u87f2\u5291\u3001\u758f\u901a\u7a4d\u6c34\u3001\u5e8a\u7db2\u9632\u87f2\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u7627\u868a\u7684\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u73fe\u5728\u6709111\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u5df2\u7d93\u6c92\u6709\u7627\u75be\uff0c\u670934\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u5df2\u7d93\u8da8\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u6c92\u6709\u7627\u75be\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u64da\u8aaa\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u75ab\u82d7\u6703\u5f9e2020\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u505a\u4eba\u9ad4\u8a66\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u7b46\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0a\u5e02\u7684\u7627\u75be\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c2022\u5e749\u6708\u7372\u5f97WHO\u8a8d\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u5b69\u7ae5\u7684\u7627\u75be\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u662f\u845b\u862d\u7d20\u53f2\u514b\u7f8e\u5360\uff08GSK\uff09\u85e5\u5ee0\u7684Mosquirix\uff08RTS,S\/AS01E\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b78\u7814\u767c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u9ad8\u905477%\u7684R21\/Matrix-M malaria vaccine\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\u5099\u53d7\u56d1\u76ee\u3002\u6839\u64da\u4e00\u4efd2023\u5e7410\u6708\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\uff0cWHO\u5df2\u7d93\u63a8\u85a6\u5c07\u4e4b\u7528\u4e4b\u65bc\u7627\u75be\u6d41\u884c\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5b69\u7ae5\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u970d\u4e82(Cholera)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u970d\u4e82\u662f\u7531\u970d\u4e82\u5f27\u83cc(Vibrio cholerae) \u611f\u67d3\u5c0f\u8178\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u4f34\u96a8\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u6c34\u4fbf\u8179\u7009\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u6703\u7522\u751f\u812b\u6c34\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5927\u91cf\u88dc\u5145\u542b\u6709\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea(electrolytes)\u7684\u6c34\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u970d\u4e82\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u98f2\u7528\u6c34\u88ab\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6392\u907a(feces)\u6240\u6c61\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u970d\u4e82\u5f27\u83cc\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u4ee5\u6d6e\u6e38\u52d5\u7269(zooplankton) \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8c9d\u985e(shellfish) \u6703\u6ffe\u98df\u6d6e\u6e38\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6c92\u6709\u716e\u719f\u7684\u8c9d\u985e\u662f\u611f\u67d3\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u8c9d\u985e\u5728   May-August \u6bd4\u8f03\u6d3b\u8e8d\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u534a\u7403\u7684\u6c11\u9593\u667a\u6167\u662f\uff0c\u5403\u751f\u8814\u548c\u868c\u86e4\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u773c\u4e2d\u6709R\u7684\u6708\u4efd\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662fJanuary-April \u548c September-December)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4(bacteriophage)\u6703\u653b\u64ca\u970d\u4e82\u5f27\u83cc\u800c\u7522\u751f\u6bd2\u7d20\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u60a3\u8005\u5927\u91cf\u6c34\u4fbf\u8179\u7009\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cholera\u9019\u500b\u5b57\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587khole, \u610f\u601d\u662fbile(\u81bd\u6c41)\u3002\u5728\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u8a18\u8f09\u970d\u4e82\u7684\u662f\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u91ab\u751f\u5e0c\u6ce2\u514b\u62c9\u5e95\uff0c\u91ab\u5b78\u4e4b\u7236\u3002\u7576\u6642\u7684\u91ab\u5b78\u6d41\u884c\u300c\u9ad4\u6db2\u8aaa\u300d\uff0c\u81bd\u6c41\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u970d\u4e82\u4e4b\u6e90\u5728\u65bc\u98f2\u7528\u6c34\u53d7\u5230\u6c61\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5168\u7403\u6709\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e7e\u6de8\u7684\u6c34\u53ef\u559d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u8ddf\u8ca7\u7aae\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u970d\u4e82\u81f3\u4eca\u4f9d\u820a\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u5340\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8086\u8650\u5371\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u970d\u4e82\u6709\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u6551\u4e0d\u4e86\u6025\uff0c\u66f4\u6551\u4e0d\u4e86\u7aae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5 (Chronic illness)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5168\u7403\u7684\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u4e0d\u65b7\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u5728\u5df2\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c70%\u7684\u6b7b\u56e0\u4e0d\u662f\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5fc3\u81df\u75be\u75c5(heart disease), <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u98a8(stroke), <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6162\u6027\u547c\u5438\u9053\u75be\u75c5(chronic respiratory disease), <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u764c\u75c7(cancer), <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5(diabetes)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u570b\u6c11\u6240\u5f97\u4e2d\u7b49\u6216\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u6b7b\u65bc\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5247\u9ad8\u905480%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5 (Chronic illness)\u7684\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u548c\u8ca7\u7aae\u6709\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5 (Chronic illness)\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5047\u8aaa\u5f88\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u83cc\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u83cc\u592a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u600e\u9ebc\u8aaa\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u98f2\u98df\u548c\u904b\u52d5\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u4e0a\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u8b8a\u5dee\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u8b8a\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f03\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u9054\u5230\u9577\u58fd\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5152\u7ae5\uff0c\u8179\u7009(diarrhea) \u548c\u80ba\u708e(pneumonia)\u6301\u7e8c\u662f\u5169\u5927\u4e3b\u8981\u6b7b\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5\u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5b69\u7ae5\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u67091,300,000\u4f4d\u5b69\u7ae5\u6b7b\u65bc\u80ba\u708e\uff1b\u6bcf\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u6709700,000\u4f4d\u5b69\u7ae5\u6b7b\u65bc\u8179\u7009\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65bd\u6253\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u53ef\u4ee5\u633d\u65511\/3\u7684\u8179\u7009\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u5152\u7ae5(=233,333\u4eba)\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u53ef\u4ee5\u633d\u65512\/3\u80ba\u708e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u5152\u7ae5(=866,666\u4eba)\u3002\u52a0\u8d77\u4f86\u7e3d\u5171\u5c31\u9ad8\u90541,099,999\u4eba\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53ea\u8981\u82b1\u4e00\u9ede\u9322\uff0c\u90a3\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u842c\u7684\u5b69\u7ae5\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u6789\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5929\u5730\u4e0d\u4ec1\uff0c\u4ee5\u842c\u7269\u70ba\u82bb\u72d7\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u4e0d\u4ec1\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\uff1aPhillip K. Peterson, M.D., microbes, the life-changing story of germs, 2022 , Prometheus Books<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.S. \u76f8\u7247\u70ba\u6c50\u6b62\u548c\u5357\u6e2f\u9593\u57fa\u9686\u6cb3\u9060\u773a\u53f0\u5317\u5730\u5340\u53ca\u89c0\u97f3\u5c71<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024\/8\/28 \u50b3\u67d3\u75c5 Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u611f\u67d3(infection)\uff1f \u622a\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u5b78\u8005\u5c08\u5bb6\u5c1a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38272","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38272"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38272\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38274,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38272\/revisions\/38274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}