{"id":37682,"date":"2024-10-21T15:18:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-21T07:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37682"},"modified":"2024-11-19T15:19:51","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T07:19:51","slug":"%e5%99%ac%e8%8f%8c%e9%ab%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37682","title":{"rendered":"\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u7642\u6cd5(Phage Therapy)\uff0c\u5728\u7d30\u83cc\u7d1b\u7d1b\u5c0d\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7522\u751f\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u7d55\u671b\u7684\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u7d72\u5e0c\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phage \u662fbacteriophage \u7684\u7c21\u7a31\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u4e2d\uff0cbacterio(bacteria) \u662f\u300c\u7d30\u83cc\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u800cphagein \u5247\u662f\u300c\u566c\u5403\u300d(to eat)\uff0c\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u300d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u5c08\u4ee5\u7d30\u83cc\u70ba\u98df\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2(viruses)\uff0c\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u98f2\u6c34\u4eba\u559d\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u6709\u76ca\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6c34\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\uff0c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u7d30\u83cc\u7684\u91cf\u548c\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u7de3\u6545\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d30\u83cc\u78b0\u5230\u6297\u751f\u7d20\uff0c\u80fd\u5f88\u5feb\u7a81\u8b8a\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u80fd\u6297\u85e5\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7d30\u83cc\u5feb\u901f\u7a81\u8b8a\u6f14\u5316\u6642\uff0c\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u9019\u7a2e\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u5feb\u901f\u7a81\u8b8a\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4ee5\u7d30\u83cc\u70ba\u98df\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u7642\u6cd5\u6bd4\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u5f37\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u75c5\u6bd2\u9019\u500b\u5948\u7c73\u7d1a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7642\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u5728\u6bcf48\u5c0f\u6642\u5167\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6bba\u6b7b\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u4f86\u4e0d\u65b7\u7dad\u6301\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u614b\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u6703\u6bba\u6b7b\u4e00\u5806\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u5247\u80fd\u66f4\u7cbe\u78ba\u5730\u6bba\u6b7b\u67d0\u4e9b\u7a2e\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7121\u5bb3\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u7642\u6cd5\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u57281910\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u96a8\u8457\u57281935\u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u78fa\u80fa\u985e\u7684\u85e5\u54c1(sulfonamide)\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u57281942\u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u76e4\u5c3c\u897f\u6797(penicillin)\uff0c\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u7684\u6297\u83cc\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u8607\u806f\u53ca\u6771\u6b50\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6709\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u88ab\u51b7\u843d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1923, George Eliava, from the country of Georgia, traveled to the Pasteur Institute in Paris, where he met d’Herelle. In 1923, he founded the Eliava Institute in Tbilsi, Georgia, which today remains the epicenter of phage therapy. From 2012 to 2014, more than five thousand patients visited the institute’s Phage Therapy Center for treatment. These folks had a variety of bacterial infections, including those caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). They claim that more than 95 percent of these patients showed significant improvement. Today the Phage Therapy Center continues to welcome patients from around the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\u662f\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u55ac\u6cbb\u4e9e\u7684\u300c\u55ac\u6cbb\u00b7\u827e\u840a\u74e6\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u3001\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u548c\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u300d(George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology)\uff0c\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u63d0\u6bd4\u91cc\u897f\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0cTbilisi Institute\uff0c\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u7642\u6cd5\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002(~\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2012\u52302014\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u8d85\u904e5000\u75c5\u60a3\u6c42\u52a9\u65bc\u8a72\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7642\u5c0d\u6297\u751f\u7522\u751f\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6709\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u7684\u91d1\u9ec3\u8461\u8404\u7403\u83cc\uff1a\u8d85\u7d1a\u7d30\u83ccStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA)\u3002\u64da\u7a31\u8d85\u904e95%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u75c5\u60a3\u90fd\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first studies of phage therapy in humans that met FDA standards have now been done. So far, the results have been promising. Phages have successfully treated otitis externa caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a chronic bacterial ear infection that is notoriously difficult to cure; diarrhea; and infected ulcers associated with leg veins. Properly controlled clinical trials have also been carried out, or are in the planning stage, for the treatment of burn wounds and diabetic foot infections. 2 In June of 2015, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) hosted a workshop on the therapeutic use of bacteriophages. One month later, the National Institutes of Health hosted a similar workshop. That same year, the NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases announced that phage therapy was one of seven prongs in its plans to combat antibiotic resistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7528\u5728\u4eba\u9ad4\uff0c\u7b26\u5408FDA\u56b4\u683c\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u7642\u6cd5\u800c\u6cbb\u7652\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u7531\u7da0\u81bf\u687f\u83cc(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)\u5f15\u767c\u96e3\u7e92\u7684\u5916\u8033\u708e\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u83cc\u4e5f\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u56b4\u91cd\u8179\u7009\u3001\u817f\u90e8\u975c\u8108\u767c\u708e\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c07\u566c\u83cc\u7642\u6cd5\u7528\u65bc\u6cbb\u7642\u71d2\u71d9\u50b7\u7684\u50b7\u53e3\u53ca\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u8db3\u90e8\u7b49\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anecdotal reports continue to surface of what appear to be miraculous cures of patients with life-threatening infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. One such recent case, published in 2017 in the journal Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, describes a sixty-eight-year-old diabetic patient with an overwhelming infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, which was resistant to all antibiotics. Out of desperation, Dr. Robert Schooley, head of the Infectious Diseases Division at the University of California, San Diego (USD), enlisted the help of bacteriophage experts, who tailored a cocktail of phages that were active against this bacterium. The phages were administered intravenously\u2014a first. And they saved the patient’s life. (You read about A. baumannii in chapter 15. It is one of a growing number of bacteria for which there are no available antibiotics.) This remarkable anecdotal case, coupled with a number of similar cases seen elsewhere, spurred UCSD to launch a clinical center in 2018 to refine phage treatments and help companies bring them to market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u4e0d\u65b7\u6709\u50b3\u5947\u6027\u7684\u7642\u7652\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u6709\u4f4d68\u6b72\u7684\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u88ab\u7121\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u9b91\u6c0f\u4e0d\u52d5\u687f\u83cc (Acinetobacter baumannii)\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u975c\u8108\u6ce8\u5c04\u4e86\u5e7e\u7a2e\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u6db2\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u633d\u56de\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another remarkable case was reported in 2019. A fifteen-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis also had an antibiotic-resistant Mycobacterium abscessus infection, which developed after a double lung transplant. Not only were antibiotics ineffective, but because of the drugs given to her to prevent organ rejection, her immune system was less able to fight the infection. She was given genetically engineered bacteriophages, and she had a full and stunning recovery from the infection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u4f4d\u79fb\u690d\u96d9\u80ba\u768415\u6b72\u5973\u7ae5\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u56ca\u816b\u7e96\u7dad\u75c7\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u5c0d\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u6709\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u7684\u81bf\u816b\u5206\u679d\u687f\u83cc\u6240\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u800c\u6297\u6392\u65a5\u85e5\u7269\u5247\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5979\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u57fa\u56e0\u6539\u9020\u7684\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u6cbb\u7642\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u90a3\u4f4d\u5973\u7ae5\u795e\u5947\u5730\u5eb7\u5fa9\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9664\u4e86\u6cbb\u7642\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u7528\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bba\u83cc\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u672a\u4f86\u4e00\u5927\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u7642\u6cd5\u91cd\u65b0\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u5c31\u8b93\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u76f8\u751f\u76f8\u524b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d30\u83cc\u518d\u53b2\u5bb3\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u518d\u5feb\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u53eb\u505a\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u6291\u5236\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u5728\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u614b\u7684\u52d5\u614b\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c34\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\uff0c\u8981\u5065\u5eb7\u5c31\u8981\u9069\u5ea6\u591a\u559d\u6c34\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u9053\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u7d30\u83cc\u5167\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u99ac\u4e0a\u6bba\u6b7b\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u8cea\u9ad4(Plasmid)\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c0d\u7d30\u83cc\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u800c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u7d30\u83cc\u672c\u8eab\u8b8a\u5f31\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6f5b\u4f0f\u5728\u8cea\u9ad4\u7684\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u624d\u6703\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u751f\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u6490\u7834\u800c\u6bba\u6b7b\u4e86\u7d30\u83cc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5fae\u89c0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u751f\u751f\u6ec5\u6ec5\u4e5f\u771f\u662f\u5947\u5999\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\uff1aPhilip K. Peterson. M.D., Microbes \u2014the life-changing stories of germs, 2020, Prometheus Books<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.S. \u7167\u7247\u4f86\u81ea\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff0cAtomic structural model of bacteriophage T4 in UCSF Chimera software using pdbs of the individual proteins.\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aDr. Victor Padilla-Sanchez, PhD<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024\/10\/21 \u566c\u83cc\u9ad4 Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u7642\u6cd5(Phage Therapy)\uff0c\u5728\u7d30\u83cc\u7d1b\u7d1b\u5c0d\u6297\u751f\u7d20…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37682","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37682"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37682\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37684,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37682\/revisions\/37684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}