{"id":37644,"date":"2024-10-31T14:43:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-31T06:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37644"},"modified":"2024-11-19T14:51:35","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T06:51:35","slug":"which-country-has-the-worlds-best-health-care","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37644","title":{"rendered":"Which Country Has the World\u2019s Best Health Care"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Which country has the best health care system? \u54ea\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u6709\u6700\u68d2\u7684\u5065\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u6c92\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u4f9d\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u69cb\u9762\u4f86\ud85d\uddfd\u91cf\u5065\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u512a\u7f3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History \u6b77\u53f2\u5ef6\u9769<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coverage \u6db5\u84cb\u4eba\u53e3\u7bc4\u570d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Financing \u8ca1\u6e90\u53ca\u8ca1\u52d9\u7684\u7a69\u5065\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Payment \u91ab\u7642\u8cbb\u7528\u652f\u4ed8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Delivery \u91ab\u7642\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pharmaceutical Regulation \u85e5\u54c1\u53ca\u50f9\u683c\u7ba1\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Workforce \u91ab\u8b77\u91cf\u80fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5065\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u96d6\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5065\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f9d\u7167\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8a55\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u88ab\u8a55\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Netherland \u8377\u862d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Germany \u5fb7\u570b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Norway \u632a\u5a01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taiwan \u53f0\u7063<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The top tier would include Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and Taiwan. The top achiever among them would depend upon which set of criteria is being prioritized. For instance, the Netherlands excels at choice of primary care physician and hospital as well as chronic care coordination, and it is one of only 2 countries not muddling through the financing of long-term care\u2014it has explicitly tackled the issue. Importantly, the Netherlands does not perform poorly on any specific dimension. Similarly, Germany offers free choice of sickness fund, any physician, and any hospital in the country; affordable care; no waiting times; and, like the Netherlands, a dedicated funding mechanism for long-term care. Its deficiencies are a significant overuse of hospital care, no system for chronic care coordination, and no real data and incentive to systematically improve the quality of care. In addition, Germany has over 100 sickness funds (insurance companies) that do not seem to really compete and strive to improve quality, thus consuming money with no clear added benefit to patients. Norway is another top-performing country, with good affordability of physi-cians, hospitals, and pharmaceuticals. It also has a wide choice of physicians and hospitals, although choices narrow for patients once they are admitted to a hospital. The deficits are a heavy financial burden for long-term care on patients and families; suboptimal care coordination, especially for chronic illnesses; and persistent waiting times for certain procedures. Taiwan has excellent choice of physicians and affordability of care, including pharmaceuticals; an outstanding electronic health care system; and nonexistent waiting times. The flip side is that Taiwanese patients have very limited interaction with doctors, who see way too many patients very quickly, Spartan hospitals, no chronic care coordination, and no coherent system for long-term care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8377\u862d\uff1a\u75c5\u60a3\u53ef\u81ea\u7531\u9078\u64c7\u4e3b\u6cbb\u5927\u592b\u53ca\u91ab\u9662\uff1b\u6162\u6027\u75c5\u7684\u5354\u8abf\u512a\u7570\uff1b\u4e26\u4e14\u8377\u862d\u76f4\u63a5\u9762\u5c0d\u4e86\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u672a\u9677\u5165\u9577\u7167\u7684\u8ca1\u52d9\u6ce5\u6dd6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u8377\u862d\u5065\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u517c\u9867\u5230\u4e86\u5404\u500b\u69cb\u9762\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u9805\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u662f\u5dee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5fb7\u570b\uff1a\u75c5\u60a3\u53ef\u81ea\u7531\u9078\u64c7\u53c3\u52a0\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u91ab\u7642\u57fa\u91d1\u3001\u54ea\u4f4d\u4e3b\u6cbb\u5927\u592b\u3001\u5165\u4f4f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u91ab\u9662\uff1b\u91ab\u7642\u8cbb\u7528\u662f\u60a3\u8005\u8ca0\u64d4\u5f97\u8d77\u7684\uff1b\u91ab\u7642\u4e0d\u7528\u9577\u6642\u9593\u7b49\u5f85\uff1b\u548c\u8377\u862d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9577\u7167\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u91d1\u4f86\u652f\u61c9\u3002\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\u662f\u91ab\u7642\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u6feb\u7528\uff0c\u6162\u6027\u75c5\u6c92\u6709\u5354\u8abf\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u6578\u64da\u4e5f\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u91ab\u7642\u7cfb\u7d71\u6fc0\u52f5\u63aa\u65bd\u4f86\u4fc3\u9032\u91ab\u7642\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u6539\u5584\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u8d85\u904e100\u500b\u91ab\u7642\u57fa\u91d1\uff0c\u5176\u9593\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8017\u8cbb\u91ab\u7642\u9245\u8cc7\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u5c0d\u60a3\u8005\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u6709\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u53f0\u7063\uff1a\u75c5\u60a3\u53ef\u81ea\u7531\u9078\u64c7\u4e3b\u6cbb\u5927\u592b\uff0c\u91ab\u7642\u8cbb\u7528\u4f4e\u5ec9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u85e5\u54c1\u7684\u8cbb\u7528\u3002\u5065\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7d71\u6578\u4f4d\u5316\u3002\u5c31\u91ab\u6bcb\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\u91ab\u75c5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u592a\u5c11\uff0c\u91ab\u751f\u770b\u592a\u591a\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6bcf\u4f4d\u75c5\u60a3\u8eab\u4e0a\u82b1\u7684\u6642\u9593\u592a\u77ed\u3002\u6162\u6027\u75c5\u6c92\u6709\u5354\u8abf\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u9577\u7167\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u8a55\u4f30\u4e2d\uff0c\u5065\u4fdd\u5236\u5ea6\u6700\u5dee\u7684\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5148\u7565\u53bb\u3002\u6211\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u4eba\u5bb6\u600e\u9ebc\u8a55\u50f9\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5065\u4fdd\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5065\u4fdd\u7684\u6db5\u84cb\u7bc4\u570d\u90e8\u5206(Coverage)\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u539f\u5247\u662f\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u8cbb\u7528\u8981\u662f\u8ca0\u64d4\u5f97\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u53d6\u6368\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6709\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u7d0d\u5165\u7d66\u4ed8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fdd\u7259\u79d1\u53ca\u773c\u79d1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u96a8\u8457\u91ab\u5b78\u7684\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u767c\u73fe\u53e3\u8154\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u6538\u95dc\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4fdd\u7259\u79d1\u5c31\u6709\u5f85\u5546\u69b7\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taiwan’s National Health Insurance (NHI) is also truly universal, simple, comprehensive, and affordable. The benefit package includes just about everything-inpatient and outpatient services, Western medicine, traditional Chinese treatments, and dental and vision care for both children and adults. The excluded benefits in Taiwan are idiosyncratic, including birth control, abortion, smoking cessation therapy, and drug addiction therapy. Although there is significant cost sharing for some, Taiwan, like many countries, reduces or eliminates out-of-pocket spending for people with certain serious conditions or low incomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5168\u6c11\u5065\u4fdd\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u771f\u7684\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u7c21\u55ae\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u91ab\u7642\u8cbb\u7528\u60a3\u8005\u8ca0\u64d4\u5f97\u8d77\u3002\u91ab\u7642\u7d66\u4ed8\u7bc4\u570d\u5305\u62ec\u9580\u8a3a\u3001\u4f4f\u9662\u3001\u897f\u85e5\u3001\u4e2d\u85e5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u6210\u4eba\u53ca\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u7259\u79d1\u53ca\u773c\u79d1\u3002\u672a\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u91ab\u7642\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u907f\u5b55\u3001\u58ae\u80ce\u3001\u6212\u7159\u3001\u6212\u6bd2\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u9805\u76ee\u7684\u81ea\u4ed8\u984d\u4e5f\u883b\u9ad8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u5927\u75be\u75c5\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u6236\u7684\u81ea\u4ed8\u984d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6e1b\u8f15\u6216\u6e1b\u514d\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5065\u4fdd\u662f\u6602\u8cb4\u7684\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5065\u4fdd\u7684\u8ca1\u6e90\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u52c7\u6c23\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee3\u8868\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u5247\u662f\uff1a\u6536\u5165\u6bd4\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u8981\u8ca0\u64d4\u6bd4\u8f03\u591a\uff1b\u4fdd\u8b77\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4(\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u6236\u3001\u6162\u6027\u75c5\u4eba\u3001\u5152\u7ae5)\uff1b\u78ba\u4fdd\u9577\u671f\u5065\u4fdd\u8ca1\u6e90\u7684\u7a69\u5065\uff1b\u5065\u4fdd\u7684\u8cbb\u7528\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53f0\u7063\u5168\u6c11\u5065\u4fdd\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026Taiwan subsidizes low-income residents and has some other plans to help them, including interest-free loans for people who have outstanding medical debt\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026Taiwan waives out-of-pocket expenses for its poorest residents, veterans, children under 3, and patients with catastrophic illnesses like cancer. Additionally, Taiwan’s NHI waives prescription co-pays for roughly 100 chronic conditions-including diabetes and high blood pressure-as well as co-pays for certain intense physical therapies; it also reduces co-pays for people living in remote areas\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u2026..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5065\u4fdd\u8cbb\u7528\uff0c\u548c\u85aa\u8cc7\u6240\u5f97\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u7b26\u5408\u8f03\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u8005\u4ed8\u8f03\u9ad8\u8cbb\u7528\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u8abf\u6574\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u6f5b\u5728\u554f\u984c\u662f\u9577\u7167\u7684\u57fa\u91d1\u8ca1\u6e90\u4e0d\u7a69\u800c\u4e14\u9577\u671f\u57fa\u91d1\u7e3d\u984d\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f9d\u7167\u885e\u798f\u90e8\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u300e\u2026..\u9577\u7167\u8ca1\u6e90\u5305\u542b\u907a\u8d08\u7a05\u3001\u83f8\u7a05\u3001\u83f8\u54c1\u5065\u5eb7\u798f\u5229\u6350\u3001\u6350\u8d08\u6536\u5165\u3001\u57fa\u91d1\u5b73\u606f\u6536\u5165\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u6536\u5165(\u623f\u5730\u5408\u4e00\u7a05)\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u9810\u7b97\u64a5\u5145\u3002\u2026\u300f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6bcf\u5e74\u9577\u7167\u8ca1\u6e90\u6536\u5165\u7d04\u65b0\u53f0\u5e63380\u5104\u5143\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u6703\u67af\u7aed\u3002\u885e\u798f\u90e8\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u4ee5\u652f\u5b9a\u6536\u300d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u6703\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u65e6\u672a\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u4fdd\u8b49\u80fd\u99ac\u4e0a\u6536\u5230\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u9322\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9577\u7167\u8ca1\u6e90\u6700\u7a69\u5065\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u548c\u8377\u862d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Netherlands and Germany stand out because both have dedicated taxes to finance long-term care. In the Netherlands payroll taxes, patient co-pays for services, and government subsidies from income taxes finance long-term care. Coverage historically focused on institutional care, but it has since evolved to include care at home. Germany’s long-term care insurance parallels its health insurance, functioning partly through statutory sickness funds and partly through private health insurance. Most of the 3.3 million beneficiaries receive cash payments for care at home. The payments can compensate family caregivers or be used for the hiring of professional care providers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taiwan did not have a national health budget, but shortly after introducing the national health insurance scheme it added one to control spending. Taiwan adjusts payment levels to physicians quarterly to remain within its budget.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u6bcf\u5b63\u6703\u8abf\u6574\u5c0d\u91ab\u751f\u7684\u7d66\u4ed8\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u4f86\u78ba\u4fdd\u5065\u4fdd\u652f\u51fa\u5728\u9810\u7b97\u4e4b\u5167\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taiwan’s system is relatively simple. Patients face modest out-of-pocket expenses at the point of service, with certain vulnerable populations facing no out-of-pocket payments. However, the back-end system\u2014the payment to physicians and hospitals\u2014is more complex. The primary method of reimbursement is fee-for-service, with payments that the government adjusts each quarter based on use patterns to stay within the national budget. But there is also a DRG system that covers about one-quarter of inpatient care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u5065\u4fdd\u5728\u770b\u75c5\u6642\u75c5\u60a3\u4ed8\u5f97\u5c11\u3002\u5065\u4fdd\u652f\u4ed8\u91ab\u5e2b\u53ca\u91ab\u7642\u9662\u6240\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4ee5\u670d\u52d9\u91cf\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4ed8\u8cbb\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u4e26\u6bcf\u5b63\u8abf\u6574\u6a19\u6e96\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u9810\u7b97\u3002\u5728\u4f4f\u9662\u652f\u4ed8\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4ee5\u8a3a\u65b7\u95dc\u806f\u7fa4(DRG , Diagnosis Related Groups)\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u652f\u4ed8\u7e3d\u984d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u8a3a\u65b7\u95dc\u806f\u7fa4(DRG\uff1bDiagnosis Related Groups)\u652f\u4ed8\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u4ee5\u4f4f\u9662\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u3001\u624b\u8853\u6216\u8655\u7f6e\u3001\u5e74\u9f61\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u6709\u7121\u5408\u4f75\u75c7\u6216\u4f75\u767c\u75c7\u53ca\u51fa\u9662\u72c0\u6cc1\u7b49\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5206\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7fa4\u7d44\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4f9d\u5404\u7fa4\u7d44\u91ab\u7642\u8cc7\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u65bc\u4e8b\u524d\u8a02\u5b9a\u5404\u7fa4\u7d44\u7684\u5305\u88f9\u652f\u4ed8\u9ede\u6578\u3002~\u885e\u798f\u90e8\u7db2\u7ad9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Swiss patients with the regular, basic insurance can go to any doctor (insurers are required to cover any willing provider) and can go to any hospital in any canton. Similarly, the Taiwanese have unlimited choice of both physician and hospital without a referral; the only incentive for obtaining a primary care referral is a relatively modest discount in out-of-pocket costs. Patients can even show up at ambulatory centers and hospitals and ask for tests on their own, without physician orders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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On waiting times, Taiwan is an outlier. It is a single-payer system with relatively low spending, free choice of provider, and not a particularly high number of physicians. In short, it is the type of system that would seem prone to long queues. Yet waiting times appear nonex-istent, even for specialty care. The dominant explanation is that physicians churn through patients quickly so that the Taiwanese see the doctor frequently and easily, but they do not get a lot of time or attention when they do. So although patients may have high access to physicians and no waiting times, the burden is loaded on overworked physicians. This has Taiwanese officials concerned about burnout and quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u770b\u75c5\u4e0d\u9700\u9577\u6642\u9593\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u5065\u4fdd\u7684\u4eae\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u554f\u984c\u662f\u91ab\u751f\u770b\u592a\u591a\u75c5\u60a3\u800c\u4e14\u770b\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5306\u5fd9\uff0c\u91ab\u7642\u54c1\u8cea\u582a\u6182\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taiwan’s major innovation is a well-functioning, advanced electronic medical record-something many other health systems have failed to accomplish. Taiwanese patients’ records are available to any practitioner in any part of the health care system. This successful innovation may have something to do with Taiwan’s booming tech sector and how it created a universal coverage system-virtually from scratch-relatively recently. There were no legacy electronic health records or payment systems to eliminate, as is the case in other countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u5065\u4fdd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5275\u65b0\uff0c\u662f\u5c07\u91ab\u7642\u8a18\u9304\u6578\u4f4d\u5316\uff0c\u6bcf\u4f4d\u91ab\u751f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5065\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u67e5\u5230\u60a3\u8005\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c31\u91ab\u8a18\u9304\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In reference pricing, a country assesses prices by looking at costs for the same or similar drugs. In external reference pricing, the country assesses the prices charged for the same drug in other countries (external) and uses the median, average, or average of the lowest prices to establish its price. The Netherlands, Canada, France, Norway, and Taiwan use international reference pricing in setting prices, with the exact process varying among countries\u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u5c0d\u85e5\u54c1\u50f9\u683c\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u570b\u969b\u9593\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6216\u5b78\u540d\u85e5\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5236\u5b9a\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u4e5f\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b80\u5f8c\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53f0\u7063\u5065\u4fdd\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u512a\u7570\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5099\u53d7\u77da\u76ee\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5f15\u4ee5\u70ba\u69ae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c31\u91ab\u65b9\u4fbf\u3001\u8cbb\u7528\u4f4e\u5ec9\u3001\u5065\u4fdd\u8cbb\u7528\u63a7\u5236\u5f97\u597d\u3001\u91ab\u7642\u8a18\u9304\u96fb\u5b50\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5f37\u9805\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u91ab\u75c5\u4e92\u52d5\u5c11\u3001\u91ab\u7642\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u554f\u984c\uff1b\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u91ab\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u8cc7\u6e90\u6d6a\u8cbb\uff1b\u5065\u4fdd\u7684\u8ca1\u52d9\u8584\u5f31\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9577\u7167\u7684\u8ca1\u6e90\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u9700\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u52c7\u6c23\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53f0\u7063\u512a\u7570\u7684\u5168\u6c11\u5065\u4fdd\uff0c\u5f97\u4f86\u4e0d\u6613\uff0c\u8981\u5b88\u8b77\u597d\u5b83\u3002\u5929\u4e0b\u6c92\u6709\u767d\u5403\u7684\u5348\u9910\uff0c\u8981\u5065\u4fdd\u53ef\u9577\u53ef\u4e45\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u5f97\u591a\u4ed8\u51fa\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u6240\u5f97\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\uff1aEzekiel J. Emanuel, Which Country Has the World\u2019s Best Health Care, 2020, Hachette Book Group, Inc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024\/10\/31  Which Country Has the World\u2019s Best Health Care Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Which country has the best hea…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37644"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37644\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37646,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37644\/revisions\/37646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}