{"id":37621,"date":"2024-11-05T14:19:21","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T06:19:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37621"},"modified":"2024-11-19T14:21:30","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T06:21:30","slug":"%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e7%9a%84%e4%bb%a5%e9%84%b0%e7%82%ba%e5%a3%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37621","title":{"rendered":"\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4ee5\u9130\u70ba\u58d1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5f15\u7533\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b(\u5c01\u9589\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684)\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6703\u81ea\u7136\u671d\u5411\u6700\u5927\u4e82\u5ea6(\u71b5, S)\u53bb\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u4e00\u5207\u6b78\u65bc\u5bc2\u6ec5(thermal death)\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u9817\u70ba\u60b2\u89c0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Second Principle: the entropy change of the Universe(system plus environment) in a thermodynamic process is always a positive or zero, the later condition denoting equilibrium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u71b5(S)\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u6c38\u9060\u5927\u65bc\u6216\u7b49\u65bc0\u3002\u71b5\u4e0d\u518d\u6539\u8b8a(dS=0)\u4ee3\u8868\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u5747\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

dS\u22650<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b87\u5b99(Universe)\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9019\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e4b\u9593\u6703\u6709\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u55ae\u4e00\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5730\u7403\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sun supplies energy to Earth in the form of photons (light) over a band of wavelengths between 100 nanometres (UV) up to millimetres (Far IR). This energy is then exploited to sustain all sort of chemical processes which keep life going on our planet. At the end of the day, the remaining energy is radiated back to the outer atmosphere, with a substantial shift of the spectrum towards long wavelengths. More precisely, per each high-energy photon absorbed on Earth’s surface, there are about 20 less energetic photons radiated away (see Fig. 10.2). Since the entropy of the photons is approximately equal to their number, Earth delivers to the outer space about 20 times more entropy than it receives, and such entropy ‘deficit’ is precisely the price to sustain the ordered and living structures on our planet (See Fig. 10.3). Being much more numerous, the long photons happen to be in a state of higher disorder, hence higher entropy, and that’s precisely how planet Earth arranges its entropic bargain. In Prigogine’s words, this is the price of growing structures on planet Earth, including ourselves …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u592a\u967d\u900f\u904e\u5149\u628a\u80fd\u91cf\u4f9b\u61c9\u7d66\u5730\u7403\uff0c\u5149\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\u4ecb\u65bc100\u5948\u7c73(\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda)\u5230\u6beb\u7c73(\u7d05\u5916\u7dda)\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u80fd\u91cf\u4fc3\u9032\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u4f86\u4fdd\u6301\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u751f\u4e0d\u606f\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u5229\u7528\u5230\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5c31\u53cd\u5c04\u56de\u5916\u592a\u7a7a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6ce2\u9577\u6bd4\u8f03\u9577\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u71b5\u5927\u81f4\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u5c0d\u5916\u592a\u7a7a\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u71b5\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u662f\u5b83\u6240\u5438\u6536\u7684\u71b5\u768420\u500d\u3002\u6574\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\u591a\u7522\u751f\u7684\u71b5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u4e95\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7d50\u69cb\u6240\u9700\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u53cd\u5c04\u56de\u5916\u592a\u7a7a\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u6578\u91cf\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4e82\u5ea6\u7684\u9577\u6ce2\u9577\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u662f\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u71b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a00\u5916\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u842c\u7269\u7684\u751f\u9577\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u751f\u614b\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u4ee5\u9130\u70ba\u58d1\uff0c\u628a\u66f4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u71b5\u62cb\u5411\u5916\u592a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5ef6\u7de9\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5bc2\u6ec5(thermal death)\u7684\u767c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6240\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7576\u7cfb\u7d71\u9054\u5230\u5747\u8861(equilibrium)\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u751f\u7269\u7684\u65b0\u9673\u4ee3\u8b1d(metabolism) \uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5747\u8861\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u6709\u4e00\u500bDissipative structures\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7d55\u71b1\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5145\u6eff\u6db2\u9ad4\uff0c\u7531\u4e0b\u65b9\u52a0\u71b1\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e0a\u5e95\u8f03\u51b7\u4e0b\u5e95\u8f03\u71b1\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u8d77\u521d\u71b1\u7531\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f80\u4e0a\u50b3\u5c0e(conduction)\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c\u6db2\u9ad4\u81ea\u52d5\u7522\u751f\u5c0d\u6d41(convection)\u4f86\u50b3\u5c0e\u71b1\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6db2\u9ad4\u7684\u5c0d\u6d41\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9eDissipative structures\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53c8\u767c\u5c55\u4e86B\u00e9nard cells\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u9054\u7684\u662f\u5404\u7a2e\u6a5f\u68b0\u529b\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u6297\u8861(nonlinear competition)\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6a5f\u68b0\u529b\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u71b1\u53ca\u5404\u7a2e\u64f4\u6563(dissipation)\u3001\u71b1\u81a8\u8139 (thermal dilation)\u3001\u91cd\u529b(gravity)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7531B\u00e9nard cells\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u5c08\u9580\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u61c9(autocatalytic reaction)\uff0c\u7528\u5e03\u9b6f\u585e\u723e\u632f\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0fBrusselator (Bruxelles+oscillator)\uff0c\u60f3\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u9060\u9060\u6bd4\u5e03\u9b6f\u585e\u723e\u632f\u5b50\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u7684\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u8907\u96dc\u5f97\u591a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u751f\u547d\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u6703\u4e3b\u52d5\u5f71\u97ff\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u689d\u4ef6(In fact, cells spend actual work to build up and modify their own boundary conditions, a process that, according to Kauffman, proves key in exploring new and more complex states of matter and organization.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ee5\u8f03\u70ba\u5b8f\u89c0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u9577\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u66f4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u71b5\u62cb\u81f3\u5916\u592a\u7a7a\uff0c\u70ba\u5730\u7403\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5728\u5bc2\u6ec5(thermal death)\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u722d\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6642\u9593\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5fae\u89c0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u751f\u547d\u751f\u9577\u65b0\u9673\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7684\u5967\u79d8\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5c1a\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9762\u5c0d\u8907\u96dc\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u8b19\u5351\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.S. \u7167\u72472024\/10\/7\u651d\u65bc\u5c3c\u6cca\u723eEBC\u7684Gokyo Lakes\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u96bb\u729b\u725b\u5728\u6e21\u6e56<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*: Sauro Succinct, Sailing the Ocean of Complexity, 2022, Oxford University Press<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024\/11\/5 \u751f\u547d\u7684\u4ee5\u9130\u70ba\u58d1 Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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