{"id":37614,"date":"2024-11-06T14:05:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-06T06:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37614"},"modified":"2024-11-19T14:07:39","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T06:07:39","slug":"%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e7%9a%84%e6%a0%b9%e6%ba%90%e6%98%af%e8%83%bd%e9%87%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37614","title":{"rendered":"\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u662f\u80fd\u91cf"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"37615\" src=\"https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7333-768x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-37615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7333-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7333-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7333-585x780.jpeg 585w, https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7333.jpeg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u5f62\u6210\u7576\u4e0b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6a23\u8c8c\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u80fd(Free Energy)\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F=E-T*S<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cF: \u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff1b E: \u80fd\uff1b T: \u6eab\u5ea6\uff1b S: \u71b5&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(dS= \u03b4Q\/T\uff0c\u71b5\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u7279\u5b9a\u6eab\u5ea6T\u71b1\u91cf\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u91cf\u03b4Q\u3002\u53ef\u77e5T*S\u662f\u71b1\u91cf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fdF\u662f\u80fd\u91cfE\u548c\u71b5\u76f8\u95dc\u7684T*S\u76f8\u6e1b\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u9918\u6578\uff0c\u662f\u6eff\u8db3\u4e86\u71b5\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u9577\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u80fdF\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5f9e\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u5fae\u89c0\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5fc5\u9808\u514b\u670d\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u969c\u7919\u3002\u80fd\u514b\u670d\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u5c31\u80fd\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5225\u5426\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u722c\u5c71\u4f86\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u5f9eA\u9ede\u722c\u904e\u5c71\u9802Top\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u7531\u80fd \u03b4F(Ftop-FA)\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5230\u81f3\u6bd4A\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684B\u9ede\uff0c\u80fd\u514b\u670d\u9019\u500b\u80fd\u91cf\u969c\u7919\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u4f9d\u745e\u5178\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6Swante Arrhenius(1859-1927)\u7684Arrhenius\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P(A\u2014&gt;B)=K*exp(-(Ftop-FA)\/kB*T))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cT: \u6eab\u5ea6\uff1bK: \u983b\u7387\u4fc2\u6578\uff1bkB: Boltzmann \u5e38\u6578\uff1bFtop\u548cFA\u5404\u70ba\u5c71\u9802top\u53ca\u51fa\u767c\u9edeA\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7531\u6307\u6578\u51fd\u6578\u7684\u6307\u6578\u70ba\u8ca0\u7684\u53ef\u77e5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. \u6a5f\u7387P(A\u2014&gt;B)\u662f\u5c0f\u65bc1\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. \u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u969c\u7919\u6108\u5927(Ftop-FA)\u6108\u5927\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u6108\u4f4e\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. \u6eab\u5ea6T\u6108\u9ad8\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u6108\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u548c\u76f4\u89ba\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Arrhenius\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u6709\u9ede\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u7528\u767b\u5c71\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u6bd4\u55bb\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7528\u6500\u767bMatterhorn(\u745e\u58eb\u7aef)\/Cervino(\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7aef)(\u6d77\u62d44478\u516c\u5c3a)\u4f86\u6bd4\u64ec\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5206\u5225\u5f9e\u745e\u58eb\u65e5\u5167\u74e6\u5230Zermatt(\u6d77\u62d41,608\u516c\u5c3a)\u8d77\u767b\uff1b\u5f9e\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7c73\u862d\u5230Cervinia(\u6d77\u62d42,009\u516c\u5c3a)\u8d77\u767b\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u4e00\u96bb\u8d85\u7d1a\u8df3\u86a4\u53bb\u96a8\u6a5f\u8df3(\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u8df3\u662f100\u516c\u5c3a)\uff0c\u7684\u90a3\u9ebc\u5f9e\u745e\u58eb\u7aef\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7aef\u8df3(\u6500\u722c)\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u6210\u529f\u722c\u4e0aMatterhorn\/Cervino\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u5dee\u7570\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u770b\u6307\u6578\u51fd\u6578\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f9e\u745e\u58eb\u65e5\u5167\u74e6\u5230Zermatt(\u6d77\u62d41,608\u516c\u5c3a)\u8d77\u767b\uff1aexp(-(4478-1608)\/100)~ 10^(-13)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f9e\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7c73\u862d\u5230Cervinia(\u6d77\u62d42,009\u516c\u5c3a)\u8d77\u767b\uff1aexp(-(4478-2009)\/100)~10^\uff08-11\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u8d77\u767b\u6d77\u62d4\u624d\u5dee401\u516c\u5c3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6500\u767b\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u537b\u5dee\u4e86100\u500d\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u6578\u51fd\u6578\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e5f\u900f\u904e\u6307\u6578\u51fd\u6578\u800c\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u6eab\u5ea6\u53ea\u6d88\u9ad8\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6a5f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u751f\u7269\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6108\u9ad8\u6108\u597d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u5c0d\u751f\u7269\u800c\u8a00\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a69\u5b9a\u751f\u9577\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u56de\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u80fdF=E-T*S\u9019\u500b\u516c\u5f0f\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8003\u616e\u751f\u7269\u5728\u67d0\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e9b\u5fae\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u7684\u6539\u8b8a \u03b4F<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03b4F= \u03b4E-T*\u03b4S<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u751f\u7269\u5728\u67d0\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9644\u8fd1\u5c0f\u5340\u57df\u81ea\u7531\u80fdF\u9054\u5230\u6700\u9069\u503c(locally optimal)\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u5927\u503c(\u8b6c\u5982\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5c71\u5cf0)\u6216\u6700\u5c0f\u503c(\u8b6c\u5982\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5c71\u8c37)\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e9b\u5fae\u6539\u8b8a\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6539\u8b8a\u03b4F\u61c9\u8a72\u8da8\u8fd1\u65bc0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03b4F=0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u96e2\u958b\u5c0f\u5340\u57df\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u503c(\u8b6c\u5982\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5c71\u8c37)\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u7136\u6703\u56de\u4f86\u800c\u7e41\u8302\u65bc\u90a3\u500b\u5c0f\u5340\u57df\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u7684\u5c71\u8c37\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\uff0c\u96e2\u958b\u5c0f\u5340\u57df\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c(\u8b6c\u5982\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5c71\u5cf0)\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6703\u6e1b\u5c11\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u751f\u7269\u4e0d\u6703\u7559\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u5c0f\u5340\u57df\u6700\u5927\u503c\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u9019\u88cf\u8b1b\u7684\u5c71\u5cf0\/\u5c71\u8c37\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u8b1b\u7684\u6d77\u62d4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\/\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u969c\u7919\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5730\u666f\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7576\u03b4F=0\uff0c\u03b4F= \u03b4E-T*\u03b4S\u8b8a\u6210<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03b4S= \u03b4E\/T<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u67d0\u500b\u5c0f\u5340\u57df\u7684\u6700\u9069\u503c(\u6700\u5c0f\u503c)\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u71b5\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u8b8a\u5316\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14T\u5f80\u5f80\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u71b5\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u5c31\u6bd4\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u5c0f\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679cT\u8da8\u8fd1\u65bc\u96f6\uff0c\u90a3\u71b5\u5c31\u8da8\u5411\u7121\u9650\u5927\uff0c\u4e82\u5ea6\u8da8\u5411\u7121\u9650\u5927\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u79e9\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6eab\u5ea6\u591a\u4f4e\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u89c0\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7e3d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u548c\u71b5\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5T\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f0\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u71b1\u52d5\u529b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0cT&gt;0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Summarizing, free energy, namely the energy left to produce useful work once the entropic tax is paid-off, is the actual currency of the natural world. This means that Nature tends to select structures featuring the least free-energy cost, while still delivering useful functions. Both energy and entropy usually change during thermodynamic transformations, and whenever such changes come to an exact balance a local extremum of the free energy is attained, in which the system can take a pause, sometimes a blink of an eye, sometimes an entire lifetime or even astronomically more, depending on the conformation of the free-energy landscape and on the actual value of temperature. At low temperatures, changes are exponentially suppressed, so that the system remains frozen: cold death. At high temperatures, changes are exponentially facilitated, so that the system never finds the peace to stop anywhere and get anything useful done: hot death. For biological l systems, the borderline between low and high temperature is the standard 300<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kelvin ambient temperature (27 Celsius).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u610f\uff1a\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7576\u71b5\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6eff\u8db3\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6e1b\u9664\u7684\u9918\u6578\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u61c9\u4e4b\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u6e90\u3002\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u6703\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u969c\u7919\u7684\u5730\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u53bb\u589e\u9577\u6240\u9700\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u70ba\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u5f62\u614b(\u6700\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u5f62\u614b)\u3002\u71b5\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0b\u9054\u5230\u6700\u9069\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4e0d\u518d\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u8655\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u751f\u5316\u5730\u666f\u5340\u57df\u5c0d\u751f\u7269\u5c31\u662f\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f11\u990a\u751f\u606f\uff0c\u597d\u597d\u5730\u751f\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6eab\u5ea6\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u61c9\u4f9d\u6307\u6578\u51fd\u6578\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u88ab\u6291\u5236\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6eab\u5ea6\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u61c9\u4f9d\u6307\u6578\u51fd\u6578\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u64fe\u52d5\u3002\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u90fd\u5c07\u4e0d\u5229\u65bc\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5b89\u5b9a\u751f\u9577\u3002\u6839\u64da\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u6700\u9069\u5b9c\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u5927\u7d04\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684300\u5ea6\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u651d\u6c0f27\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">*: Sauro Succinct, Sailing the Ocean of Complexity, 2022, Oxford University Press<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2024\/11\/6 \u751f\u547d\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u662f\u80fd\u91cf Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u5f62\u6210\u7576\u4e0b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6a23\u8c8c\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u80fd(Free E&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37614"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37614\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37616,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37614\/revisions\/37616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}