{"id":37467,"date":"2024-06-21T10:45:13","date_gmt":"2024-06-21T02:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37467"},"modified":"2024-06-24T10:46:42","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T02:46:42","slug":"%e6%b5%b7%e7%a5%9e%e8%8d%89p-oceanica-%e4%b9%9f%e6%80%95%e5%99%aa%e9%9f%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37467","title":{"rendered":"\u6d77\u795e\u8349(P. oceanica) \u4e5f\u6015\u566a\u97f3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"37468\" src=\"https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1609-1-1024x768.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-37468\" srcset=\"https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1609-1-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1609-1-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1609-1-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1609-1-1170x878.jpeg 1170w, https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1609-1-585x439.jpeg 585w, https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IMG_1609-1.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u566a\u97f3\u4e0d\u53ea\u5c0d\u6d77\u4e2d\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u9020\u6210\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u5c0d\u6d77\u4e2d\u7684\u690d\u7269\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sole&#8217;s earlier research had shown that cephalopods hear sound through small sensory organs called statocysts. When exposed to noise frequencies similar to marine seismic testing and boat noise, damage to statocysts is stark: they swell, explode, and die-much like a human eardrum might be damaged by loud noise. Embryos were equally harmed, with extensive epidermal lesions and damaged cilia.*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sol\u00e9\u5148\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u982d\u8db3\u985e(\u6309\uff1a\u89f8\u9b1a\u8207\u982d\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u9b77\u9b5a\u3001\u7ae0\u9b5a\u7b49\u7b49)\u7684\u807d\u89ba\u662f\u900f\u904e\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u56ca\u300d(statocysts)\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u5668\u5b98\u3002\u7576\u66dd\u9732\u5728\u6d77\u4e0a\u9707\u6e2c\u6216\u8239\u6240\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u566a\u97f3\u983b\u7387\u6642\uff0c\u5c0d\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u56ca\u300d\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7834\u58de\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u7684\uff1a\u5b83\u5011\u816b\u8139\u3001\u7206\u958b\u7136\u5f8c\u58de\u6b7b\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8072\u97ff\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8033\u819c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9020\u6210\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u80da\u80ce\u4e5f\u4e00\u6a23\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u5927\u9762\u7a4d\u75c5\u8b8a\uff0c\u7e96\u6bdb\u4e5f\u6703\u640d\u50b7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Could marine plants be similarly affected by marine noise pollution, wondered Sol\u00e9? Seagrass, like other marine plants, has an analogue to statocysts: organelles called amyloplasts that help the plant orient to gravity, direct its roots, and also detect sound through particle motion in water. The researchers knew that amyloplasts were found in high concentrations in certain cells in the root caps and thizomes of P. oceanica. Would loud sounds harm seagrass the way they harmed the octopuses?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sol\u00e9\u4e5f\u5f88\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6d77\u4e2d\u7684\u690d\u7269\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u566a\u97f3\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5462\uff1f\u6d77\u8349\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6d77\u4e2d\u7684\u690d\u7269\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u56ca\u300d\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff1a\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba\u6fb1\u7c89\u9ad4(amyloplasts) \u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5668\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u690d\u7269\u9ad4\u5c0e\u5411\u91cd\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5f15\u5c0e\u6839\u7684\u751f\u9577\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u900f\u904e\u6c34\u4e2d\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u4f86\u5075\u6e2c\u8072\u97f3\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u767c\u73fe\u6d77\u795e\u8349(P. oceanica) \u7684\u6fb1\u7c89\u9ad4\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6839\u5c16\u548c\u6839\u8396\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8072\u97ff\u5c0d\u982d\u8db3\u985e\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u4e5f\u6703\u767c\u751f\u5728\u6d77\u8349\u4e0a\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Just as she had done with marine animals, Sol\u00e9 assembled a sample of seagrass plants in tanks in the lab. The control group was left untouched, but the test group was blasted with loud, low-frequency noise similar to the sounds generated by industrial activity, such as shipping and underwater seismic testing. She then examined cells in the roots and rhizomes, as well as the fungal symbionts attached to the roots. In the control group, the amyloplasts were undamaged. But in the group of plants subjected to loud noise, the amyloplasts were severely deformed, and their numbers decreased dramatically. Under the scanning electron microscope, the researchers observed eerie similarities with the octopus statocysts: lesions and blasted-open cells leaking their contents through gaping holes. Just like the octopuses, the seagrass had severe, permanent damage to their sensory organs. This damage, the researchers surmised, could affect the ability of the plants to sense gravity and store energy\u2014two functions basic to their survival. Even more worrisome: the symbiotic fungi attached to the roots were also damaged. Their degradation meant that the plants might find it harder to gather nutrients from the ocean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u5982\u5979\u91dd\u5c0d\u6d77\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0cSol\u00e9 \u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u6c34\u65cf\u7f38\u4e2d\u4f48\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6d77\u8349\u7684\u6a23\u672c\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u7d44\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4f46\u6e2c\u8a66\u7d44\u5247\u7528\u5927\u8072\u7684\u4f4e\u983b\u566a\u97f3\u8f5f\u70b8\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u5de5\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u884c\u8239\u6216\u6d77\u4e0a\u9707\u6e2c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5979\u6aa2\u67e5\u6839\u53ca\u6839\u72c0\u8396\u7684\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9644\u8457\u5728\u6839\u4e0a\u9762\u5171\u751f\u7684\u771f\u83cc\u3002\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u7d44\uff0c\u6fb1\u7c89\u9ad4\u5b8c\u597d\u5982\u521d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u566a\u97f3\u4e0b\u7684\u6d77\u8349\uff0c\u6fb1\u7c89\u9ad4\u56b4\u91cd\u8b8a\u5f62\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6578\u91cf\u5287\u6e1b\u3002\u5728\u96fb\u5b50\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u7684\u6383\u7784\u4e0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u548c\u7ae0\u9b5a\u5e73\u8861\u56ca\u8a6d\u7570\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff1a\u7522\u751f\u75c5\u8b8a\u800c\u4e14\u88ab(\u8072\u97f3)\u70b8\u958b\u7684\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u7269\u5f9e\u88c2\u958b\u7684\u6d1e\u9699\u6d29\u4e86\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u7ae0\u9b5a\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6d77\u8349\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u5668\u5b98\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u56b4\u91cd\u800c\u4e14\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u731c\u6e2c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u640d\u5bb3\uff0c\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u6d77\u8349\u5075\u6e2c\u91cd\u529b\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u5132\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u8005\u5c0d\u6d77\u8349\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u9644\u5728\u6839\u4e0a\u9762\u5171\u751f\u7684\u771f\u83cc\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u640d\u5bb3\u3002\u771f\u83cc\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8870\u9000\u4ee3\u8868\u6d77\u8349\u5c07\u66f4\u96e3\u4ee5\u5f9e\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\u8490\u96c6\u5230\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u990a\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P.S. \u6d77\u795e\u8349(P. oceanica)\u7684\u76f8\u7247\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff0c\u70baFr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Ducarme\u6240\u62cd\u651d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*\uff1a Karen Baker, \u300aSounds of Life\u300b\uff0c2022\uff0cPrinceton University Press<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2024\/6\/21 \u6d77\u795e\u8349(P. oceanica) \u4e5f\u6015\u566a\u97f3 Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u566a\u97f3\u4e0d\u53ea\u5c0d\u6d77\u4e2d\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u9020\u6210\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u5c0d\u6d77\u4e2d\u7684\u690d\u7269\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u3002 Sol&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37467","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37467"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37467\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37469,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37467\/revisions\/37469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37467"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37467"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37467"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}