{"id":37451,"date":"2024-04-08T21:56:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-08T13:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37451"},"modified":"2024-06-20T21:57:44","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T13:57:44","slug":"the-weirdest-people-in-the-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37451","title":{"rendered":"The WEIRDest people in the world"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u90a3\u9ebc\u6210\u529f\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe WEIRDest people in the world\u201d \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005Joseph Henrich \u7814\u7a7616\u4e16\u7d00\u81f3\u4eca\u9577\u9054500\u5e74\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u7b49\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u7684\u9818\u5148\uff0c\u6b78\u7d50\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u9023\u9396\u53cd\u61c9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u9769\u547d\u4e3b\u5f35\u6559\u5f92\u5fc5\u9808\u5b78\u6703\u95b1\u8b80\u8056\u7d93\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u76f4\u63a5\u6e9d\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u8981\u80fd\u95b1\u8b80\u5c31\u5f97\u91cd\u8996\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7537\u5973\u3002\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u8b58\u5b57\u7684\u5973\u6027\u6210\u70ba\u6bcd\u89aa\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u5b50\u5973\u4e5f\u80fd\u95b1\u8b80\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u95b1\u8b80\u5728\u4e0d\u6539\u8b8a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u8166\u795e\u7d93\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u6578\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u9019\u4e9b\u6539\u8b8a\u5171\u540c\u7de0\u9020\u4e86\u8fd1\u4ee3\u71e6\u721b\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7bc0\u9304\u5e7e\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u65bc\u540e\uff0c\u4f9b\u5927\u5bb6\u53c3\u8003\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It began late in 1517, just after Halloween, in the small German charter town of Wittenberg. A monk and professor named Martin Luther had produced his famous Ninety-Five Theses, which called for a scholarly debate on the Catholic Church’s practice of selling indulgences. Catholics at the time could purchase a certificate, an “indulgence,” to reduce the time that their dead relatives had to spend in purgatory for their sins, or to lessen the severity of their own Penance. Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses marked the eruption of the Protestant Reformation. Elevated by his excommunication and bravery in the face of criminal charges, Luther’s subsequent writings on theology, social policy, and living a Christian life reverberated outward from his safe haven in Wittenberg in an expanding wave that influenced many populations, first in Europe and then around the world. Beyond the German lands, Protestantism would soon develop strong roots in the Netherlands and Britain, and later spread with the flows of British colonists into North America, New Zealand, and Australia. Today, variants of Protestantism continue to proliferate in South America, China, Oceania, and Africa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u59cb\u65bc1517\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u525b\u904e\u5b8c\u842c\u8056\u7bc0\uff0c\u5728\u5a01\u767b\u5821\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5fb7\u570b\u7279\u8272\u5c0f\u93ad\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u53eb\u99ac\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u4fee\u58eb\uff0c\u64b0\u5beb\u4e86\u6709\u540d\u7684\u300a\u4e5d\u5341\u4e94\u689d\u8ad6\u7db1\u300b\uff0c\u547c\u7c72\u91dd\u5c0d\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u5802\u8ca9\u552e\u300c\u8d16\u773e\u5238\u300d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u5b78\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u82b1\u9322\u8cfc\u8cb7\u4e00\u7a2e\u6191\u8b49\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u8d16\u7f6a\u5377\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7e2e\u77ed\u901d\u53bb\u89aa\u4eba\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7f6a\u5728\u7149\u7344\u4e2d\u53d7\u82e6\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u73fe\u4e16\u4fee\u7149\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u82e6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u52e2\u614b\u60e1\u5316\u5230\u88ab\u9010\u51fa\u6559\u6703\uff0c\u4e26\u5fc5\u9808\u52c7\u6562\u9762\u5c0d\u5211\u4e8b\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u99ac\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5728\u795e\u5b78\u3001\u793e\u6703\u653f\u7b56\u53ca\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u6e05\u898f\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u8457\u8ff0\uff0c\u7531\u4ed6\u7684\u907f\u98a8\u6e2f\u5a01\u767b\u5821\u5411\u5916\u64f4\u6563\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u5148\u662f\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u64f4\u5c55\u81f3\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5fb7\u570b\u672c\u571f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8fc5\u901f\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5728\u8377\u862d\u548c\u82f1\u570b\u6df1\u6df1\u7d25\u6839\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u96a8\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u6563\u4f48\u5230\u5317\u7f8e\u3001\u7d10\u897f\u862d\u548c\u6fb3\u6d32\u7b49\u5730\u3002\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u5357\u7f8e\u3001\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u5927\u6d0b\u6d32\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u7b49\u5730\u6301\u7e8c\u84ec\u52c3\u64f4\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Embedded deep in Protestantism is the notion that individuals should develop a personal relationship with God and Jesus. To accomplish this, both men and women needed to read and interpret the sacred scriptures-the Bible-for themselves, and not rely primarily on the authority of supposed experts, priests, or institutional authorities like the Church. This principle, known as sola scriptura, meant that everyone needed to learn to read. And since everyone cannot become a fluent Latin scholar, the Bible had to be translated into the local languages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53ca\u8036\u7a4c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u500b\u5225\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u9054\u5230\u9019\u500b\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u7537\u5973\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u80fd\u81ea\u884c\u95b1\u8b80\u4e26\u7406\u89e3\u795e\u8056\u7684\u7d93\u5178\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8056\u7d93\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ef0\u8cf4\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u3001\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u6216\u6a5f\u69cb\u6b0a\u5a01\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u6559\u5802\u3002\u9019\u500b\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u552f\u7368\u8056\u7d93\u300d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u8981\u5b78\u6703\u95b1\u8b80\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u61c2\u5f97\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8056\u7d93\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u672c\u5730\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Let’s follow the causal chain I’ve been linking together: the spread of a religious belief that every individual should read the Bible for themselves led to the diffusion of widespread literacy among both men and women, first in Europe and later across the globe. Broad-based literacy changed people’s brains and altered their cognitive abilities in domains related to memory, visual processing, facial recognition, numerical exactness, and problem-solving. It probably also indirectly altered family sizes, child health, and cognitive development, as mothers became increasingly literate and formally educated. These psychological and social changes may have fostered speedier innovation, new institutions, and\u2014in the long run-greater economic prosperity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u518d\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u6b21\u6211\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u93c8\uff1a\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u89aa\u8b80\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u64f4\u6563\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u7ba1\u7537\u5973\u7684\u8b58\u5b57\u7387\u5168\u9762\u63d0\u6607\uff0c\u5148\u767c\u751f\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u7136\u5f8c\u64f4\u5927\u81f3\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b58\u5b57\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u8166\u888b\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5982\u8a18\u61b6\u529b\u3001\u8996\u89ba\u8655\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u81c9\u90e8\u8868\u60c5\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u6578\u5b57\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\u3001\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u80fd\u529b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u6216\u8a31\u4e5f\u9593\u63a5\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u898f\u6a21\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u53ca\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u6bcd\u89aa\u4e0d\u53ea\u8b58\u5b57\u800c\u4e14\u63a5\u53d7\u6b63\u898f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u66f4\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5275\u65b0\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u9577\u671f\u9054\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u7e41\u69ae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, just as the great German sociologist Max Weber theorized, there’s much more to the story of Protestantism than literacy. As we’ll see in Chapter 12, Protestantism also likely influenced people’s self-discipline, patience, sociality, and suicidal inclinations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5fb7\u570b\u5049\u5927\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6\u99ac\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u97cb\u4f2f\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u8b58\u5b57\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u6607\u3002\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7b2c12\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6211\u5011\u6703\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4e3b\u7fa9\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u5f8b\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u8010\u5fc3\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e86\u81ea\u6bba\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b80\u5f8c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u628a\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u90fd\u6b78\u70ba\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u5b8c\u5168\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u4f5c\u70ba\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5f37\u76db\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u4e0d\u722d\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9075\u5faa\u8457\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u5728\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u5949\u884c\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u6703\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4eba(\u6c92\u6709\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4eba)\u66f4\u6210\u529f\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u8b93\u6211\u60f3\u8d77\u4e00\u90e8\u53eb\u300a\u706b\u6230\u8eca\u300b\u7684\u96fb\u5f71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300e\u300a\u706b\u6230\u8eca\u300b\uff08\u82f1\u8a9e\uff1aChariots of Fire\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u90e81981\u5e74\u51fa\u54c1\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u96fb\u5f71\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u96fb\u5f71\u6539\u7de8\u81ea\u771f\u4eba\u771f\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5169\u540d1924\u5e74\u5df4\u9ece\u5967\u904b\u6703\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u54e1\u54c8\u7f85\u5fb7\u00b7\u4e9e\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u65af\u53ca\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u5229\u5fb7\u723e\u4e4b\u7d93\u6b77\u70ba\u85cd\u672c\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ed6\u5011\u57281910\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u81f31920\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u600e\u6a23\u901a\u904e\u52aa\u529b\u6210\u70ba\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u53ca\u8607\u683c\u862d\u7684\u5967\u904b\u7530\u5f91\u9078\u624b\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5206\u5225\u8d0f\u5f97100\u7c73\u53ca400\u7c73\u77ed\u8dd1\u91d1\u724c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u70ba\u54c8\u7f85\u5fb7\u00b7\u4e9e\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u65af\u662f\u7336\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u5229\u5fb7\u723e\u5247\u662f\u8654\u8aa0\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u96fb\u5f71\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e4f\u5b97\u6559\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7247\u540d\u4e5f\u662f\u53d6\u81ea\u82f1\u570b\u8b9a\u6b4c\u300a\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u300b\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u53e5\u300cBring me the chariots of fire\u300d\uff08\u8a5e\u5f59\u7684\u539f\u51fa\u8655\u5247\u53ef\u898b\u8056\u8a95\u5217\u738b\u7d00\u4e0b2\uff1a11\u53ca6\uff1a17\uff09\u3002\u300f(\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u6211\u7576\u6642\u5e74\u8f15\u6c23\u76db\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u611f\u5230\u5341\u5206\u632f\u596e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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They are the weirdest people in the world. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yes, indeed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\uff1aJoseph Henrich, \u201cThe WEIRDest people in the world,\u201d 2020, Picador<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024\/4\/8 The WEIRDest people in the world Damkey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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