{"id":37378,"date":"2024-05-23T19:39:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-23T11:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37378"},"modified":"2024-06-20T19:41:22","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T11:41:22","slug":"the-singing-of-ocean","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37378","title":{"rendered":"The Singing of Ocean"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Broadly speaking, cetaceans (marine mammals, such as whales, dolphins, and porpoises) employ three different types of sound communication. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9be8\u76ee\u52d5\u7269(\u6d77\u751f\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u9be8\u9b5a\u3001\u6d77\u8c5a\u548c\u9f20\u6d77\u8c5a\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u7528\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u9032\u884c\u6e9d\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first type of sound \u2014 social calls \u2014involves vocalizations that fall largely within human hearing range. To us, these mostly sound like whistles, pulsed squeaks, or squeals, in a variety of patterns. For example, killer whale babies babble when they are born, and begin imitating sounds made by their families when they are a few months old. Like humans, killer whales use sound to identify individuals, exchange information, and negotiate social relationships. Each pod has its own unique dialect of calls that calves learn from their mothers over several years, one of the most complex cultural communication repertoires in the animal world. As pod members stay together their entire lives, their dialects form part of their identity and indicate a strong cultural bond; killer whales with different dialects rarely intermingle for long. These dialects are so distinct that scientists (and even trained amateurs) can differentiate between pods simply by listening. Some whale calls are also very loud: sperm whales, the loudest animal in the world, can vocalize at over 200 decibels, louder than a rocket launch or a jet engine at takeoff (and loud enough to burst your eardrums if you were swimming nearby).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u793e\u4ea4\u547c\u559a\uff0c\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u5927\u81f4\u843d\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u807d\u89ba\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u3002\u6211\u5011\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8072\u97f3\u5c31\u50cf\u53e3\u54e8\u8072\u3001\u9593\u6b47\u6027\u7684\u5431\u5431\u8072\u6216\u5c16\u53eb\u8072\uff0c\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u525b\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u864e\u9be8\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u51fa\u542b\u6df7\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u5927\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u6a21\u4eff\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u54e1\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u3002\u50cf\u4eba\u985e\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u864e\u9be8\u4e5f\u662f\u7528\u8072\u97f3\u4f86\u8fa8\u5225\u500b\u5225\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u4ea4\u63db\u8a0a\u606f\u3001\u5354\u8abf\u793e\u4ea4\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u9be8\u7fa4\u90fd\u6709\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7279\u6709\u7684\u53eb\u8072\uff0c\u5c0f\u9be8\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5c31\u5f9e\u6bcd\u89aa\u90a3\u88e1\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u6301\u7e8c\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u52d5\u7269\u754c\u6700\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6e9d\u901a\u6280\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u9be8\u7fa4\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u6703\u4e00\u8f29\u5b50\u5b88\u8b77\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7279\u6709\u7684\u53eb\u8072\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u76f8\u4e92\u9593\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u5f37\u529b\u7684\u7f88\u7d46\u3002\u53eb\u8072\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u864e\u9be8\u5f88\u5c11\u6703\u9577\u671f\u6df7\u5c45\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u6709\u7684\u53eb\u8072\uff0c\u5dee\u7570\u5927\u5230\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6(\u751a\u81f3\u8a13\u7df4\u5f8c\u7684\u696d\u9918\u8005) \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u900f\u904e\u8033\u6735\u807d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u8fa8\u51fa\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9be8\u7fa4\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u9be8\u9b5a\u7684\u53eb\u8072\u97f3\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\uff1a\u62b9\u9999\u9be8\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u8072\u7684\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u97f3\u91cf\u53ef\u9ad8\u9054200\u5206\u8c9d\uff0c\u6bd4\u706b\u7bad\u767c\u5c04\u6216\u5674\u5c04\u5f15\u64ce\u5728\u8d77\u98db\u6642\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u9084\u8981\u5927(\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6070\u5de7\u6e38\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u65c1\u908a\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u8072\u97f3\u8db3\u4ee5\u9707\u788e\u4f60\u7684\u8033\u819c)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The second type of sound, used by odontocetes (over seventy species of toothed whales, including dolphins, killer whales, porpoises, and sperm whales), is echolocation, also called biosonar. When an animal uses biosonar (which sounds like a series of fast clicks to us), they visualize their surroundings by projecting high-frequency sound waves and discerning the distance and direction of objects from the resulting echoes\u2014much like an ultrasound machine in a doctor’s office. Echolocation enables odontocetes (and other animals, like bats) to “see” and navigate their environment, find prey, and even scan the insides of other animals’ bodies. Killer whales use sound to continuously scan their environment, just like we do with our eyes; their survival depends on their ability to hear their biosonar echoing back from fast-moving fish, or from the hulls of approaching ships. As Clark puts it: “Their mind’s eye is their mind’s ear.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u9f52\u9be8\u4e9e\u76ee\u7684\u9be8\u9b5a\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\u7684(\u9f52\u9be8\u4e9e\u76ee\u5305\u542b\u8d85\u904e70\u7a2e\u6709\u7259\u9f52\u7684\u9be8\u9b5a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d77\u8c5a\u3001\u864e\u9be8\u3001\u9f20\u6d77\u8c5a\u548c\u62b9\u9999\u9be8)\uff0c\u662f\u5efb\u8072\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53eb\u751f\u7269\u8072\u7d0d\u3002\u7576\u52d5\u7269\u5229\u7528\u751f\u7269\u8072\u7d0d(\u6211\u5011\u807d\u4f86\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6572\u64ca\u8072)\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u767c\u51fa\u9ad8\u983b\u8072\u6ce2\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u4ee5\u8fa8\u5225\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u9060\u8fd1\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f86\u4e86\u89e3\u5468\u906d\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u5f88\u50cf\u5728\u91ab\u8b77\u5ba4\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8d85\u97f3\u6ce2\u5100\u5668\u3002\u5efb\u8072\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8b93\u9f52\u9be8\u4e9e\u76ee\u7684\u9be8\u9b5a(\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u8759\u8760)\u53ef\u4ee5\u300c\u770b\u898b\u300d\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u5de1\u822a\u3001\u627e\u5230\u7375\u7269\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6383\u7784\u5176\u4ed6\u52d5\u7269\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u3002\u864e\u9be8\u7528\u8072\u97f3\u4e0d\u65b7\u6383\u7784\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u7528\u773c\u775b\u5f80\u56db\u5468\u770b\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6709\u8cf4\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8072\u7d0d\u5075\u6e2c\u53cd\u5c04\u56de\u4f86\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5f9e\u5feb\u901f\u6e38\u52d5\u7684\u9b5a\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f9e\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u8239\u8eab\u3002\u6b63\u5982Clark\u6240\u6bd4\u55bb\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u4ed6\u5011\u8166\u888b\ud855\ude83\u7684\u8033\u6735\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u8166\u888b\ud855\ude83\u7684\u773c\u775b\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The third type of sound made by some cetaceans is the long, low, rhythmic pattern of sounds produced by baleen whales (Mysticeti), popularly referred to as whale song. The songs, which are thought to be sung exclusively by males and may be related to mating, are some of the most complex sonic displays in the animal kingdom. Some whales sing in the infrasound range, while others sing at frequencies that are audible to humans. Humpback whale songs are the best studied, although other species also sing distinct songs. The difference in vocalization patterns reflects a delicate evolutionary balance between habitat and the sound properties of varying ocean depths where different whale species dwell. For deep-water species, sounds need to be simple, even sparse, in order to reliably broadcast over long distances. But for species in shallower waters, where sound cannot travel as far due to the acoustic properties of the ocean, greater variability in patterns and frequencies helps to optimize communication and navigation. Some whale songs are longer, others shorter; if humpbacks and bowheads recite sonnets, blue and fin whales are the marine masters of Zen koans. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u67d0\u4e9b\u9be8\u76ee\u52d5\u7269\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u65e2\u9577\u53c8\u4f4e\u4e26\u6709\u97fb\u5f8b\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u7531\u6709\u9b1a\u7684\u9be8\u9b5a(\u9b1a\u9be8\u4e9e\u76ee)\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u5bb6\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u9be8\u9b5a\u7684\u6b4c\u8072\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6b4c\u8072\uff0c\u54b8\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ea\u6709\u96c4\u9be8\u624d\u6703\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u4ea4\u914d\u7e41\u6b96\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u662f\u52d5\u7269\u754c\u6240\u5c55\u73fe\u6700\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5c11\u6578\u5e7e\u7a2e\u8072\u97f3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u9be8\u9b5a\u7684\u6b4c\u8072\u5728\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5247\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u807d\u5f97\u898b\u7684\u983b\u7387\u3002\u8072\u97f3\u5c55\u73fe\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u53cd\u61c9\u5728\u68f2\u5730\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u6d77\u6c34\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u9be8\u8c5a\u6240\u9054\u6210\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6d3b\u8e8d\u5728\u6df1\u6c34\u5340\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u5fc5\u9808\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8981\u65e2\u758f\u53c8\u5c11\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u624d\u80fd\u9806\u5229\u50b3\u64ad\u5230\u5f88\u9060\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4f46\u5c0d\u6d3b\u8e8d\u5728\u8f03\u6dfa\u6c34\u5340\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u5152\u8072\u97f3\u50b3\u4e0d\u9060\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u624d\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u512a\u5316\u6e9d\u901a\u548c\u5de1\u822a\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u9be8\u8c5a\u7684\u6b4c\u8072\u6bd4\u8f03\u9577\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u77ed\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ea7\u982d\u9be8\u548c\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\u541f\u5531\u7684\u662f\u60a0\u9577\u768414\u884c\u8a69\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u85cd\u9be8\u548c\u9577\u9b1a\u9be8\u5c31\u662f\u7cbe\u65bc\u6975\u7c21\u7684\u79aa\u5b97\u516c\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026Just like songbird diversity is a well-known index for population viability, the diversity and complexity of songs in bowheads can serve as an indicator of the impact of rapidly encroaching development in the Arctic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b63\u5982\u773e\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u9cf4\u79bd\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u662f\u60a0\u95dc\u65cf\u7fa4\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\u6b4c\u5531\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7576\u4f5c\u5728\u5317\u6975\u6feb\u6355\u6feb\u6bba\u5feb\u901f\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0d\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\u6240\u9020\u6210\u5f71\u97ff\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These insights have been made possible with the use of digital recording devices, combined with powerful automated computational techniques based on artificial intelligence. Contemporary whale research is a paradigmatic example of the advantages of interweaving supercomputers with ecology. Cetaceans spend the vast majority of their time deep beneath the waves, which poses a particularly tricky challenge for tracking. On land, animal researchers can spend years observing the behavior of gorillas, orangutans, or lions \u2014 whether by watching in secret or familiarizing the animals to their presence. Ocean research is more challenging: boats can’t be hidden, and scientists can’t follow whales on their deep dives, which can be up to 6,000 feet below the surface. These challenges were, until recently, too daunting for scientists to overcome. Devices like DTAGs open up the hidden world of whale behavior, and also provide valuable insight into ecosystem conditions in the depths of the ocean where humans rarely venture\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5229\u7528\u6578\u4f4d\u9304\u97f3\u6a5f\u52a0\u4e0a\u8d85\u5f37\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u904b\u7b97\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8b49\u5be6\u3002\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u9be8\u8c5a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u628a\u8d85\u7d1a\u96fb\u8166\u7528\u65bc\u751f\u7269\u5b78\uff0c\u662f\u5584\u7528\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u7bc4\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u9be8\u76ee\u52d5\u7269\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6642\u9593\u662f\u5f85\u5728\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u6d77\u5e95\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002\u5728\u9678\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5927\u7329\u7329\uff0c\u7d05\u6bdb\u7329\u7329\u6216\u7345\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5077\u5077\u5730\u89c0\u5bdf\u6216\u9010\u6f38\u63a5\u8fd1\u800c\u719f\u6089\u5b83\u5011\u3002\u6d77\u751f\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5247\u66f4\u6709\u6311\u6230\u6027\uff1a\u8239\u85cf\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7121\u6cd5\u8ddf\u9be8\u9b5a\u4e00\u8d77\u6f5b\u5165\u6df1\u6d77\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u6df1\u90546000\u82f1\u544e\u7684\u6d77\u5e95\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u524d\u4e00\u9663\u5b50\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee4\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u671b\u800c\u751f\u754f\u800c\u4e14\u611f\u5230\u7121\u6cd5\u514b\u670d\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u50cfDTAGs\u9019\u7a2e\u9304\u97f3\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u6253\u958b\u4e86\u9be8\u9b5a\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u96b1\u85cf\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6df1\u6d77\u4e2d\u4eba\u985e\u5f88\u96e3\u89aa\u8eab\u53bb\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u7372\u81f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026We are now able to perceive the ocean like whales do, through our ears rather than our eyes. Bioacoustics devices thus function like a digital translation device, enabling us to perceive the soundscapes and interpret the songs of those dwelling under the waves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u80fd\u5920\u50cf\u9be8\u9b5a\u4e00\u822c\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u6d77\u6d0b\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u7528\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8033\u6735\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u773c\u775b\u3002\u751f\u7269\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u985e\u4f3c\u6578\u4f4d\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6a5f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u5834\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u8b80\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u68f2\u606f\u5728\u6d77\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6240\u5531\u51fa\u6b4c\u8072\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b80\u5f8c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u9451\u65bc\u9be8\u8c5a\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u7a2e\u985e\u7015\u65bc\u6ec5\u7d55\uff0cInternational Whaling Commission(IWC) \u57281978\u5e74\u76f4\u63a5\u7981\u6b62\u4e86\u5317\u6975\u5730\u5340\u4efb\u4f55\u5f13\u982d\u9be8(Bowheads)\u7684\u7375\u6355\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u4e16\u5c45\u5728\u963f\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u56e0\u52aa\u4f0a\u7279\u4eba(Inuit)\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u652f\u7684\u56e0\u7d10\u76ae\u96c5\u7279\u4eba(I\u00f1upiat)\u7684\u751f\u8a08\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u83ab\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d\u56e0\u7d10\u76ae\u96c5\u7279\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\u5168\u8eab\u90fd\u662f\u5bf6\u3002\u53ea\u6d88\u7375\u5f97\u4e00\u982d\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4fdd\u5168\u6751\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u8c50\u8863\u8db3\u98df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\u7684\u8089\u548c\u9be8\u8102(blubber)\u5bcc\u542b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u548c\u71df\u990a\u7d20\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7dad\u4ed6\u547dC\uff0c\u662f\u7121\u751f\u9bae\u852c\u679c\u7684\u5317\u6975\u5c45\u6c11\u6538\u95dc\u6027\u547d\u7684\u71df\u990a\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9be8\u7684\u9b5a\u6cb9\u53ef\u71c3\u71d2\u7522\u751f\u71b1\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4f86\u7167\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9be8\u9b1a(Baleen)\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u6210\u76ae\u5e36\u3001(\u611b\u65af\u57fa\u6469)\u5c0f\u8239(kayak)\u7684\u67b6\u5b50\u3001\u9be8\u53c9(harpoon)\u7684\u9b5a\u7dda\u3001\u88fd\u4f5c\u96ea\u6a47(sleds)\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9be8\u76ae\uff1a\u505a\u70ba\u9f13\u9762\u6216\u88c1\u88fd\u6210\u8863\u670d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9be8\u808b\u9aa8(Rib bones )\u548c\u984e\u9aa8(Jawbone)\uff1a\u5c4b\u9802\u6216\u5e33\u67b6\u3002\u6700\u5927\u679d\u7684\u808b\u9aa8\uff0c\u5247\u5f80\u5f80\u653e\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u62f1\u9580\uff0c\u7576\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u6216\u793e\u5340\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u754c\u7dda\u5165\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9be8\u690e\u9aa8(Vertebrae) \u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u9aa8\u982d\uff1a\u88fd\u6210\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u6216\u505a\u6210\u8b77\u8eab\u7b26(amulets)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d\u56e0\u7d10\u76ae\u96c5\u7279\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\u65e2\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u662f\u9be8\u9b5a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u7d10\u76ae\u96c5\u7279\u4eba\u6355\u7375\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\uff0c\u4e0d\u900f\u904e\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\uff0c\u53ea\u5212\u8457\u5c0f\u76ae\u8239kayak\uff0c\u6084\u6084\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u5011\u4ed4\u7d30\u8046\u807d\u9be8\u9b5a\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u91cd\u9ede\u4e0d\u662f\u53d6\u5de7\u7684\u7375\u6bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u548c\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u5011\u9858\u610f\u737b\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4(\u751f\u547d)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d93\u904e\u4e16\u4e16\u4ee3\u4ee3\u548c\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\u7684\u89aa\u5bc6\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5f62\u62101978\u5e74\u7981\u4ee4\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u89c0\u5bdf\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5099\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u53ea\u662f\u900f\u904e\u9678\u4e0a\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u8f14\u4ee5\u6d77\u4e0a\u7684\u7121\u4eba\u6a5f\uff0c\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u6578\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u7d10\u76ae\u96c5\u7279\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u5730\u7684\u8046\u807d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\u662f\u6e38\u5728\u51b0\u84cb\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u6578\u91cf\u9060\u9060\u5927\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u8072\u7a31\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u7d10\u76ae\u96c5\u7279\u4eba\u56e0\u6b64\u81ea\u529b\u6551\u6fdf\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u5ef6\u8058\u5c08\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u5728\u5730\u7684\u76e3\u6e2c\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5eb7\u4e43\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u751f\u7269\u8072\u97f3\u7814\u7a76\u5bb6Chris Clark\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u56e0\u7d10\u76ae\u96c5\u7279\u4eba\u7684Barrow\u6751\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u662f\u9be8\u8c5a\u5341\u5206\u6709\u5229\u7684\u68f2\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u628a\u5730\u5716\u6524\u958b\u4f86\u770b\uff0cBarrow\u6751\u6b63\u662f\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u9077\u5f99\u7684\u8f3b\u8f33\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u5728\u767d\u4ee4\u6d77\u5cfd(Bering Strait)\u5317\u65b9\u958b\u53e3\u7684\u6771\u5074\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6625\u5929\u4f86\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u51b0\u7dda\u5f80\u5317\u64a4\uff0c\u5317\u6975\u8f03\u51b7\u7684\u6d77\u6c34\u5411\u4e0a\u6e67\u52d5\uff0c\u628a\u6df1\u6d77\u4e2d\u7684\u71df\u990a\u7269\u8cea\u5e36\u4e0a\u4f86\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5357\u65b9\u524d\u4f86\u7684\u6eab\u6696\u6d0b\u6d41\u3002\u7576\u5730\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6e38\u6e38\u690d\u7269(phytoplankton)\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6e38\u6e38\u690d\u7269\u53c8\u9935\u990a\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6d6e\u6e38\u751f\u7269(zooplankton)\u3002\u800cBarrow\u6751\u9644\u8fd1\u7684Barrow Canyan\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6d77\u4e2d\u7684\u5c71\u8c37\uff0c\u5c31\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u591a\u7522\u5bcc\u9952\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\u5e74\u5ea6\u9077\u5f99\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u900f\u904e\u6ffe\u98df\u6d6e\u6e38\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u5152\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u5f88\u591a\u624d\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u900f\u904e\u56e0\u7d10\u76ae\u96c5\u7279\u4eba\u7684\u5354\u52a9\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5192\u96aa\u524d\u5f80\u51b0\u5c64\u4e0a\u4f48\u4e0b\u8072\u97f3\u76e3\u6e2c\u5668\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u653e\u5728\u51b0\u5c64\u7684\u908a\u7de3\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5247\u9078\u64c7\u5728\u8f03\u8584\u7684\u51b0\u5c64\u947f\u6d1e\u628a\u5100\u5668\u589c\u5165\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u6b6424\u5c0f\u6642\u76e3\u6e2c\u9be8\u8c5a\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u51e1\u56db\u500b\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9e\u5404\u7a2e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7d2f\u7a4d\u548c\u5206\u6790\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u8b49\u660e\u56e0\u7d10\u76ae\u96c5\u7279\u4eba\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u5728\u5730\u667a\u6167\u662f\u5c0d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u4f86\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u51b0\u4e0b\u7121\u6cd5\u900f\u6c23\u61c9\u8a72\u6c92\u6709\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u649e\u7834\u8f03\u8584\u7684\u51b0\u5c64\u51fa\u4f86\u900f\u6c23\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u90a3\u9644\u8fd1\u6563\u51fa\u7684\u9b5a\u4e5f\u6703\u5438\u5f15\u6d77\u9ce5\u524d\u4f86\u5c31\u98df\uff0c\u9019\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5728\u51b0\u4e0b\u6703\u6709\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2018\u5e74\uff0cIWC\u7d42\u65bc\u8a8d\u53ef\u4e86\u56e0\u7d10\u76ae\u96c5\u7279\u4eba\u6240\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6062\u5fa9\u4e86\u56e0\u7d10\u76ae\u96c5\u7279\u4eba\u70ba\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u8a08\u800c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9032\u884c\u5f13\u982d\u9be8\u72e9\u7375\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026The science of bioacoustics provides a novel means of exploring what the I\u00f1upiat and other traditional whaling cultures have long been saying: creatures other than humans are capable of complex communication and possess rich social behaviors, which are intelligible to humans who choose to pay attention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u795e\u5947\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u56e0\u7d10\u76ae\u96c5\u7279\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u50b3\u7d71\u6355\u9be8\u6587\u5316\u6240\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\uff1a\u4eba\u985e\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u9748\u4e5f\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u5f9e\u4e8b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u64c1\u6709\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u793e\u6703\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u751a\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u985e\u61c9\u8a72\u6ce8\u610f\u50be\u807d\u4ed6\u5011\u624d\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d50\u8ad6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u4eba\u985e\u662f\u842c\u7269\u4e4b\u9748\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u81ea\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u7121\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6216\u8a31\uff0c\u66f4\u516c\u5141\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u842c\u7269\u90fd\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u9748\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u53ea\u662f\u82b8\u82b8\u773e\u751f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u9748\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8981\u656c\u754f\u5929\u5730\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u8aaa\u4eba\u5b9a\u52dd\u5929\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\uff1aKaren Bakker, \u201cSounds of Life,\u201d 2022, Princeton University Press<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.S. \u7167\u7247\u4f86\u81ea\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u6a94\u6848\u7531Bering Land Bridge National Preserve\u63d0\u4f9b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024\/5\/23 The Singing of Ocean Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Broadly speaking, cetaceans (m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37378","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37378","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37378"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37378\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37380,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37378\/revisions\/37380"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37378"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}