{"id":37375,"date":"2024-05-24T19:36:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T11:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37375"},"modified":"2024-06-20T19:38:46","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T11:38:46","slug":"%e8%8d%89%e5%8e%9f%e5%a4%a7%e8%b1%a1savannah-elephants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37375","title":{"rendered":"\u8349\u539f\u5927\u8c61savannah elephants"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u8c61\u5728\u5ee3\u6f20\u7684\u975e\u6d32\uff0c\u9593\u9694\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u5f80\u5f80\u9060\u5230\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5011\u76f8\u4e92\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b9\u5f0f\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u9077\u5f99\u968a\u4f0d\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u900f\u904e\u767c\u51fa\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3(infrasound)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d04\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf4\u5e74\uff0c\u6bcd\u8c61\u624d\u67094\u5929\u7684\u767c\u60c5\u671f(estrus)\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u53d7\u5b55\u3002\u6bcd\u8c61\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u300c\u901a\u77e5\u300d\u5e73\u5e38\u5206\u958b\u5f97\u5f88\u9060\u5404\u81ea\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u516c\u8c61\u5011\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e5f\u662f\u900f\u904e\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u662f\u983b\u7387\u6bcf\u79d2\u9707\u52d5\u4f4e\u65bc20\u6b21\u7684\u8072\u97f3(20\u8d6b\u8332\/Hz)\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u4ee5\u807d\u5230\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u662f20Hz-16000Hz\u3002\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u4f4e\u65bc20Hz\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u662f\u807d\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8c61\u662f\u900f\u904e\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u4f86\u505a\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u8c61\u662f\u986f\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u65e2\u795e\u79d8\u53c8\u795e\u5947\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u767c\u73fe\u5927\u8c61\u900f\u904e\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7d14\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5c0d\u52d5\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\u5bb6Payne\u3002\u5979\u628a\u539f\u5148\u807d\u4e0d\u5230\u5927\u8c61\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u9304\u97f3\u5e36\u5feb\u8f49\u7d0412\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u807d\u5230\u4e86\u300c\u96b1\u85cf\u300d\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u8072\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Payne’s recording of the elephants’ conversation through the wall demonstrated the power of infrasound, which differs from the “ordinary” sounds that humans can hear in three ways. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Payne\u6240\u9304\u5230\u7684\u5927\u8c61\u4e4b\u9593\u9694\u7246\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u7a7f\u900f\u529b\uff0c\u843d\u5728\u9019\u500b\u983b\u7387\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u53ef\u4ee5\u807d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First, infrasound is too low in frequency for humans to detect, necessitating the use of special technology to observe. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u983b\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8033\u6735\u807d\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u85c9\u52a9\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Second, infrasound has very long wavelengths\u2014a highly significant fact for elephants, given how sound waves interact with solid objects. Sounds with short wavelengths\u2014 such as the high-pitched sounds that bats use for echolocation-reflect strongly from even small objects and travel only short distances. By contrast, sounds with long wavelengths pass through and around most objects. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\u5f88\u9577\u2014\u2014\u9019\u500b\u56e0\u7d20\u5c0d\u5927\u8c61\u6700\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u9019\u548c\u8072\u6ce2\u548c\u56fa\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u77ed\u6ce2\u9577\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8759\u5e45\u7528\u4f86\u505a\u5efb\u8072\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u523a\u8033\u9ad8\u97f3\uff0c\u7e31\u4f7f\u7269\u9ad4\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u8072\u97f3\u4e5f\u6703\u5f37\u529b\u53cd\u5c04\u56de\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u77ed\u8ddd\u96e2\u5167\u97f3\u91cf\u5c31\u6703\u8870\u6e1b\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\uff0c\u9577\u6ce2\u9577\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a7f\u900f\u6216\u8d8a\u904e\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u7269\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Third, while air absorbs high-frequency sounds very efficiently, low-frequency sounds travel with little loss. Infrasound can thus be used for communication over long distances. It can also penetrate through objects like walls, or vibrate through the earth. Elephants were having powerful conversations across long distances and even through buildings\u2014all without humans hearing a thing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c23\u80fd\u5f88\u6709\u6548\u7387\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f4e\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u5728\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\u50b3\u8f38\u537b\u53ea\u6703\u5931\u53bb\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u97f3\u91cf\u3002\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u505a\u70ba\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u7a7f\u900f\u50cf\u7246\u58c1\u9019\u7a2e\u7269\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9707\u52d5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u50b3\u905e\u901a\u904e\u571f\u5730\u3002\u5927\u8c61\u56e0\u6b64\u64c1\u6709\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u8d85\u5f37\u5c0d\u8a71\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7a7f\u900f\u904e\u6216\u8de8\u904e\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u985e\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u807d\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u5927\u8c61\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u5077\u7375(poaching)\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8c61\u7259\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u4e0a\u4ea4\u6613\u6709\u539a\u5229\u53ef\u5716\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u77ed\u8996\u8fd1\u5229\u5927\u91cf\u6b98\u6bba\u5927\u8c61\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u9577\u9054\u6578\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u60b2\u54c0\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u6108\u5e74\u9577\u7684\u5927\u8c61\uff0c\u8c61\u7259\u6108\u5927\u6108\u503c\u9322\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u5077\u7375\u8005\u89ac\u89a6\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Their findings brought to light the importance of older elephants, particularly matriarchs, as knowledge holders and anchoring personalities for elephant herds. Older females nurtured and taught their elephant calves, who took two decades to mature to adulthood. The elders’ long memories also provided the herd with valuable information during times of need, such as the location of ephemeral watering areas during a drought, the seasonal availability of food, or the existence of little-used migration routes. Poole’s research revealed that poaching-which tended to target older elephants with larger tusks \u2014not only killed individual elephants but also destroyed the social fabric of elephant society. These findings were instrumental in motivating the international community to finally ban the international ivory trade in 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5e74\u9577\u7684\u5927\u8c61\u5c0d\u8c61\u7fa4\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6700\u5e74\u9577\u7684\u6bcd\u8c61\uff0c\u5979\u65e2\u662f(\u5730\u7406)\u77e5\u8b58\u6700\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u5927\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8c61\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7279\u8cea\u7684\u4e2d\u6d41\u7825\u67f1\u3002\u5e74\u9577\u6bcd\u89aa\u64ab\u80b2\u4e26\u6559\u5c0e\u5c0f\u8c61\uff0c\u8981\u82b1\u4e0a20\u5e74\u4f86\u4f7f\u5176\u9577\u5927\u6210\u5e74\u3002\u5e74\u9577\u5927\u8c61\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u662f\u8c61\u7fa4\u73cd\u8cb4\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u5728\u65f1\u5e74\u5982\u4f55\u627e\u5230\u77ed\u671f\u6709\u6c34\u6e90\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5b63\u7bc0\u65bc\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5730\u65b9\u6703\u6709\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f9e\u8352\u7159\u6f2b\u8349\u4e2d\u600e\u9ebc\u627e\u5230\u9077\u5f99\u7684\u8def\u7dda\u7b49\u7b49\u3002Poole\u7684\u784f\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5077\u7375(\u7d93\u5e38\u9396\u5b9a\u6709\u5927\u8c61\u7259\u7684\u5e74\u9577\u5927\u8c61)\u4e0d\u6b62\u662f\u6bba\u6b7b\u500b\u5225\u7684\u5927\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u6467\u6bc0\u4e86\u5927\u8c61\u793e\u7fa4\u56b4\u5bc6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u7d42\u65bc\u57281989\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u4e86\u8c61\u7259\u7684\u570b\u969b\u8cbf\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026When the first-ever continent-wide census of savannah elephants was completed in 2016, the results rocked the conservation world\u2026 An estimated 27,000 elephants per year were being slaughtered by poachers. Africa’s savannah elephant population had declined by one-third over seven years. In Cameroon, the researchers counted only 148 living elephants but over six hundred carcasses; with a carcass ratio of over 80 percent, the population was in immediate danger of extinction. Even in Tanzania, with its thriving safari tourism businesses, the savannah elephant population had declined by 60 percent in the past five years. Forest elephants, unfortunately, were excluded from the census, leaving scientists in the dark about the extent to which their population decline mirrored that of their cousins. Payne and her colleagues continued to push for a forest elephant census. In early 2021, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature revealed that forest elephants had lost nearly nine-tenths of their population in the past century, updating its “Red List” assessment and reclassifying forest elephants as critically endangered \u2014one step away from extinction in the wild.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u6b21\u5c0d\u975e\u6d32\u8349\u539f\u5927\u8c61\u6578\u91cf\u8de8\u6d32\u666e\u67e5\uff0c\u57282016\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u4fdd\u80b2\u754c\u70b8\u934b\u4e86\u2026\u2026\u4f30\u8a08\u6bcf\u5e74\u670927,000\u96bb\u5927\u8c61\u88ab\u5077\u7375\u3002\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u8349\u539f\u8c61\u7e3d\u6578\uff0c\u57287\u5e74\u5167\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e863\u5206\u4e4b1\u3002\u5728\u5580\u9ea5\u9686\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8a08\u7b97\u53ea\u6709148\u96bb\u6d3b\u8c61\u4f46\u6709600\u5177\u5c4d\u9ad4\uff0c\u5c4d\u9ad4\u4f54\u6bd4(carcass ratio)\u9ad8\u905480%\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u7fa4\u9ad4\u6709\u7acb\u5373\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5766\u5c1a\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7375\u904a\u89c0\u5149\u696d\u8208\u76db\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u8349\u539f\u8c61\u5728\u904e\u53bb5\u5e74\u5df2\u7d93\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e8660%\u3002\u68ee\u6797\u5927\u8c61\u5f88\u4e0d\u5e78\u4e26\u672a\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u8a72\u6b21\u7684\u666e\u67e5\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u8349\u539f\u5927\u8c61\u5b83\u5011\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u5728Payne \u548c\u5979\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4fc3\u6210\u4e0b\uff0cthe International Union for the Conservation of Nature\u57282021\u5e74\u516c\u4f48\u4e86\u666e\u67e5\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u68ee\u6797\u5927\u8c61\u7684\u7e3d\u6578\uff0c\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u5df2\u7d93\u5931\u53bb\u4e8610\u5206\u4e4b9\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u7dca\u63a5\u8457\u628a\u8a55\u4f30\u7d50\u679c\u66f4\u65b0\u81f3\u300a\u7015\u5371\u7269\u7a2e\u7d05\u8272\u540d\u9304\u300b\u5167\uff0c\u628a\u68ee\u6797\u5927\u8c61\u5217\u70ba\u6975\u5371(critically endangered)\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u9762\u81e8\u5f9e\u91ce\u5730\u6ec5\u7d55\uff0c\u5c31\u50c5\u50c5\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u6b65\u4e4b\u9059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Payne\u672c\u4f86\u7684\u96c4\u5fc3\u5927\u5fd7\uff0c\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u8c61\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u53eb\u8072\uff0c\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u300c\u5927\u8c61\u5b57\u5178\u300d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u60f3\u5230\u6bcf\u500b\u8490\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u5927\u8c61\u53eb\u8072\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u6ec5\u7d55\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u7d55\u97ff\uff0c\u5c31\u611f\u89ba\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5979\u56e0\u6b64\u8f49\u800c\u628a\u5927\u8c61\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\uff0c\u7576\u4f5c\u662f\u5c0d\u5077\u7375\u8005\u7684\u5075\u6e2c\uff0c\u628a\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u9ede\u8f49\u5411\u5927\u8c61\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4fdd\u80b2\u4e0a\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u91ce\u5916\u8072\u97f3\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u5f9e\u5435\u96dc\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u8072\u97f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u904e\u6ffe\u51fa\u5077\u7375\u8005\u6240\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u4eba\u70ba\u8072\u97f3\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\ud855\ude83\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u201dcocktail party problem\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5229\u7528\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u7d61(neural network)\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u628a\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5927\u8c61\u5404\u7a2e\u53eb\u8072\u3001\u5077\u7375\u8005\u7684\u69cd\u8072\u3001\u96fb\u92f8\u8072\u7b49\u7b49\u8f38\u5165\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u8b93\u96fb\u8166\u9032\u884c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u53ca\u6642\u7684\u9810\u8b66\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026By developing a neural network to recognize “acoustic fingerprints” of soundscapes from a variety of ecosystems, the method allows rapid and scalable ecological monitoring that will enable researchers in the future to accurately predict habitat quality and biodiversity and also to automatically identify anomalous sounds, like chainsaws and gunshots\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026\u958b\u767c\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4f86\u5206\u8fa8\u5404\u7a2e\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u7d71\u8072\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u8072\u7d0b\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u5075\u6e2c\u800c\u4e14\u898f\u6a21\u53ef\u4ee5\u64f4\u5927\u7684\u751f\u614b\u76e3\u6e2c\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u78ba\u9810\u6e2c\u68f2\u5730\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u53ca\u751f\u7269\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52d5\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u7570\u5e38\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u93c8\u92f8\u548c\u69cd\u8072\u7b49\u7b49\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9664\u4e86\u5077\u7375\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u96a8\u8457\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u589e\u9577\u4ee5\u53ca\u8015\u5730\u7684\u62d3\u5c55\uff0c\u5c0d\u5927\u8c61\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u4e5f\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u4eba\u70ba\u4fb5\u8755\u5927\u8c61\u68f2\u606f\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6240\u8b02\u4eba\u8c61\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u7528\u570d\u7246\u3001\u9435\u7d72\u7db2\uff0c\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u963b\u6b62\u5927\u8c61\u3002\u800c\u7528\u6572\u947c\u6253\u9f13\u4f86\u9a5a\u5687\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u6642\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5927\u8c61\u300c\u5165\u4fb5\u300d\u8015\u5730\u7684\u838a\u7a3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u592a\u591a\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8fb2\u640d\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6709\u4e9b\u8fb2\u4eba\u5c0d\u5927\u8c61\u7684\u5077\u7375\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b62\u775c\u4e00\u96bb\u773c\u9589\u4e00\u96bb\u773c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6703\u6a02\u898b\u5176\u6210\u5462\uff01\u4eba\u8c61\u7684\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u5927\u8c61\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8eab\u578b\u5982\u6b64\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u5927\u8c61\uff0c\u537b\u5c0d\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u871c\u8702(Honey bee)\u907f\u4e4b\u7336\u6050\u4e0d\u53ca\u3002\u539f\u4f86\uff0c\u8c61\u76ae\u96d6\u539a\uff0c\u871c\u8702\u4e5f\u6703\u53ee\u54ac\u8179\u90e8\u76ae\u819a\u6bd4\u8f03\u8584\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u773c\u775b\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6bd4\u8f03\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u300c\u751f\u7269\u9632\u6cbb\u300d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6559\u5c0e\u8fb2\u6c11\u5728\u8fb2\u5834\u5468\u570d\u6bcf\u9694\u4e00\u6bb5\u8ddd\u96e2\u88dd\u4e0a\u8702\u7aa9\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u963b\u5687\u5927\u8c61\uff0c\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4e5f\u6709\u8702\u871c\u53ef\u63a1\uff0c\u53ef\u8b02\u4e00\u8209\u5169\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6a21\u64ec\u5927\u8c61\u7522\u751f\u4f86\u8b66\u544a\u540c\u4f34\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u6216\u871c\u8702\u7684\u98db\u884c\u55e1\u55e1\u8072\uff0c\u5728\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u5927\u8c61\u63a5\u8fd1\u8fb2\u5730\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u8072\u4f86\u9a45\u96e2\u5b83\u5011\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6bcd\u8c61\u5728\u5931\u53bb\u5c0f\u8c61\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6703\u597d\u5e7e\u5929\u4e00\u76f4\u966a\u4f34\u5728\u5c0f\u8c61\u5c4d\u9ad4\u65c1\u908a\u60b2\u50b7\u3002\u8c61\u7fa4\u5728\u6bcd\u8c61\u7684\u5e36\u9818\u4e0b\uff0c\u6703\u4e00\u8f29\u5b50\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5927\u8c61\u6709\u8d85\u5f37\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u529b\uff0c\u6bcf\u7576\u8d70\u7d93\u904e\u66fe\u7d93\u5931\u53bb\u89aa\u4eba\u6216\u540c\u4f34\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7e3d\u662f\u6703\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u5f98\u5f8a\u800c\u9072\u9072\u4e0d\u9858\u96e2\u53bb\u3002\u5927\u8c61\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5f37\u58ef\uff0c\u5403\u559d\u7684\u91cf\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u5c0d\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u871c\u8702\u907f\u4e4b\u70ba\u6050\u4e0d\u53ca\uff0c\u751a\u70ba\u53ef\u611b\u3002\u5927\u8c61\u5728\u8349\u539f\u8d70\u904e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u8def\u5f91\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u8e0f\u9677\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5e6b\u52a9\u7a4d\u84c4\u96e8\u6c34\u3002\u5927\u8c61\u4e5f\u5c0d\u83bd\u539f\u690d\u7269\u7a2e\u5b50\u7684\u6563\u4f48\u8ca2\u737b\u826f\u591a\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u8c61\u548c\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u985e\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u9060\u591a\u904e\u76f8\u7570\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u8c61\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\u6c88\u9ed8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8996\u800c\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u55a7\u56c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u6c92\u6709\u4e86\u5927\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u4e0d\u6b62\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u90a3\u5927\u8c61\u51dd\u671b\u8457\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5927\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6d41\u9732\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5074\u96b1\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\uff1aKaren Bakker, \u201cSounds of Life,\u201d 2022, Princeton University Press<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.S. \u76f8\u7247\u4f86\u81ea\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024\/5\/24 \u8349\u539f\u5927\u8c61savannah elephants  Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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