{"id":37210,"date":"2024-03-25T12:14:21","date_gmt":"2024-03-25T04:14:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37210"},"modified":"2024-03-27T12:15:43","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T04:15:43","slug":"poverty-by-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37210","title":{"rendered":"Poverty, by America"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

This is who we are: the richest country on earth, with more poverty than any other advanced democracy. If America’s poor founded a country, that country would have a bigger population than Australia or Venezuela. Almost one in nine Americans-including one in eight children-live in poverty. There are more than 38 million people living in the United States who cannot afford basic necessities, and more than 108 million getting by on $55,000 a year or less, many stuck in that space between poverty and security. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5011\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u662f\u9019\u6a23(\u6309\uff1a\u6307\u7f8e\u570b)\uff1a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u537b\u6709\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5148\u9032\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u7684\u7aae\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7aae\u4eba\u7d44\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7e3d\u6578\u6703\u6bd4\u6fb3\u6d32\u6216\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u9084\u8981\u591a\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6bcf9\u500b\u4eba\u5c31\u67091\u4f4d(\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6bcf8\u500b\u5b69\u7ae5\u5c31\u67091\u4f4d)\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8ca7\u7aae\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u8d85\u904e3\u53438\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u627f\u64d4\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u8d85\u904e1\u5104\u96f68\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u6bcf\u5e74\u97605\u842c5\u5343\u5143\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u6536\u5165\u7cca\u53e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u9677\u65bc\u8caa\u7aae\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than a million of our public schoolchildren are home-less, living in motels, cars, shelters, and abandoned buildings. After arriving in prison, many incarcerated Americans suddenly find that their health improves because the conditions they faced as free (but impoverished) citizens were worse. More than 2 million Americans don’t have running water or a flushing toilet at home. West Virginians drink from polluted streams, while families on the Navajo Nation drive hours to fill water barrels. Tropical diseases long considered eradicated, like hookworm, have reemerged in rural America’s poorest communities, often the result of broken sanitation systems that expose children to raw sewage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technically, a person is considered “poor” when they can’t afford life’s necessities, like food and housing. The architect of the Official Poverty Measure-the poverty line-was a bureaucrat working at the Social Security Administration named Mollie Orshansky. Orshansky figured that if poverty was fundamentally about a lack of income that could cover the basics, and if nothing was more basic than food, then you could calculate poverty with two pieces of information: the cost of food in a given year and the share of a family’s budget dedicated to it. Orshansky determined that bare-bones food expenditures accounted for roughly a third of an American family’s budget. If a family of four needed, say, $1,000 a year in 1965 to feed themselves, then any family making less than $3,000 a year (or around $27,000 at the beginning of 2022) would be considered poor because they would be devoting more than a third of their income to food, forgoing other necessities. Orshansky published her findings in January of that year, writing, “There is thus a total of 50 million persons- of whom 22 million are young children\u2014who live within the bleak circle of poverty or at least hover around its edge.” It was a number that shocked affluent Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Today’s Official Poverty Measure is still based on Orshansky’s calculation, annually updated for inflation. In 2022, the poverty line was drawn at $13,590 a year for a single person and $27,750 a year for a family of four.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73fe\u4eca\u5b98\u65b9\u8ca7\u7aae\u7dda\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u4f9d\u820a\u7167Orshansky \u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u4f9d\u901a\u81a8\u8abf\u6574\u3002\u57282022\u5e74\uff0c\u7368\u81ea\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u8ca7\u7aae\u7dda\u662f\u6bcf\u5e74\u6536\u5165\u4f4e\u65bc13,590\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u81f3\u65bc\u56db\u53e3\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5e74\u6536\u516527,750\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And our progress on poverty? As estimated by the federal government’s poverty line, 12.6 percent of the U.S. population was poor in 1970; two decades later it was 13.5 percent; in 2010, it was 15.1 percent; and in 2019, it was 10.5 percent\u2026There is no real improvement here, just a long stasis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5c\u8005Mathew Desmond \u5728\u201cProverty, By America\u201d\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u6307\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u768450\u5e74\uff0c\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u53e3\u6240\u4f54\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u572810%\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f8e\u570b\u4e4b\u5bcc\u5f37\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5f88\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u3002\u90a3\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u81f3\u5c11\u7d04\u67093\u53433\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u662f\u5728\u8ca7\u7aae\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6399\u624e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3bAngus Deaton 2018\u5e74\u7684\u5831\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6bcf\u5929\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8cbb\u7528\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u67094\u7f8e\u5143(\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u90a3\u662f1.9\u7f8e\u5143)\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u4f4e\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u6a19\u6e96\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u8d64\u8ca7\uff0cDeaton\u4f30\u8a08\u7576\u6642\u7f8e\u570b\u6709530\u842c\u4eba\u662f\u8655\u65bc\u8d64\u8ca7\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mathew Desmond \u8a8d\u70ba\u9020\u6210\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u5404\u9805\u806f\u90a6\u5c0d\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u88dc\u52a9\uff0c\u8981\u561b\u662f\u624b\u7e8c\u7e41\u96dc\uff0c\u8981\u561b\u662f\u88ab\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u7533\u8acb\u7684\u610f\u9858\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u9032\u884c\u7533\u8acb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u9000\u7a05\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u9000\u5230\u4e86\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u7684\u624b\u88e1\u4e86\u3002\u4ee52021\u5e74\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5171\u9000\u4e861.8\u5146\u7f8e\u91d1(18,000\u5104)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u534a\u6578\u7d66\u4e86\u6240\u5f97\u6392\u540d\u524d20%\u7684\u6709\u9322\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u5f97\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u524d1%\u7684\u62ff\u5230\u6bd4\u6240\u6709\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5bb6\u5ead\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u9084\u8981\u591a\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u5f97\u6392\u540d\u5f8c20%\u8005\u7684\u5169\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u806f\u90a6\u88dc\u52a9\u7684\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u7531\u96c7\u4e3b\u8ca0\u64d4\u8cbb\u7528\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u96aa\uff0c\u8981\u4eab\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u623f\u8cb8\u5229\u606f\u7684\u88dc\u8cbc\uff0c\u90a3\u5f97\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8cb7\u623f\u5b50\u3002\u70ba\u5b69\u5b50\u9810\u4ed8\u6216\u5132\u84c4\u5b78\u8cbb\u7684529 Plan\u7684\u6e1b\u7a05\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u90a3\u5f97\u6709\u9918\u9322\u4f86\u5132\u84c4\u624d\u884c\u3002\u6709\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u64c1\u6709\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u65e5\u6709\u9918\u9322\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u4ff1\u5099\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u662f\u63a1\u7d2f\u9032\u7a05\u7387\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u6108\u9ad8\uff0c\u7a05\u7387\u6108\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u7a05\uff0c\u8b6c\u6d88\u8cbb\u7a05\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7a05\u7387\u3002\u554f\u984c\u662f\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u5b58\u4e0b\u5f88\u591a\u9322\uff0c\u800c\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u5247\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u82b1\u6389\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6d88\u8cbb\u7a05\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u7e3d\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u8ca0\u64d4\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u91cd\u7684\u3002\u6574\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u548c\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u7a05\u8ce6\u7684\u8ca0\u64d4\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u6240\u5f97\u662f25%\uff0c\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u662f28%\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u6709\u9322\u7684\u524d400\u4f4d\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u5247\u53ea\u670923%\u3002\u9019\u5728\u7a05\u8ce6\u4e0a\u5c0d\u7aae\u4eba\u662f\u6975\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. \u7f8e\u570b\u662f\u7531\u79fb\u6c11\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5148\u7956\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u958b\u8352\uff0c\u6df1\u6839\u8482\u56fa\u5730\u5f62\u6210\u5c0a\u5d07\u300c\u7f8e\u570b\u5922\u300d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u53ea\u8981\u5920\u52aa\u529b\u5c31\u80fd\u6210\u5c31\u4e00\u65b9\u5929\u5730\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u70ba\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u5920\u52aa\u529b\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u53ea\u6703\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u5f62\u6210\u501a\u8cf4\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u4e0d\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6c38\u9060\u8d70\u4e0d\u51fa\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u800c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u662f\u6c61\u540d\u5316\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u8ca7\u7aae\u6709\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u5920\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u793e\u6703\u6551\u52a9\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u6536\u5165\u7a69\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u6551\u52a9\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u6975\u70ba\u5c11\u6578\u7684\u4eba\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u5728COVID-19 \u75ab\u60c5\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u8fc5\u901f\u63a1\u53d6\u6551\u52a9\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u660e\u986f\u4e0b\u964d\u4e86\u8ca7\u7aae\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u9019\u5145\u5206\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u8981\u6d88\u6ec5\u8ca7\u7aae\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u70ba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. \u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c07\u4f7f\u5f97\u9858\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u66f4\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u8005\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u800c\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u592a\u4f4e\u7684\u5de5\u8cc7\u8b93\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u4eab\u53d7\u4f4e\u5ec9\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u50f9\u683c\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u56e0\u6b64\u591a\u8cfa\u7684\u9322\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u4e5f\u4ee5\u80a1\u5229\u6216\u8cc7\u672c\u5229\u5f97\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u843d\u5165\u64c1\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u592a\u4f4e\u7684\u5de5\u8cc7\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u52de\u5de5\u7684\u525d\u524a\uff0c\u4ee4\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u904e\u52de\u3001\u8d85\u6642\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u52c9\u5f37\u7cca\u53e3\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7d42\u9020\u6210\u5728\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u3001\u52de\u5de5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u7b49\u7b49\u5404\u7a2e\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u52de\u5de5\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u525d\u524a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. \u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u53d7\u85aa\u52de\u5de5\u5f80\u5f80\u5de6\u652f\u53f3\u7d40\uff0c\u5728\u767c\u85aa\u4e00\u62ff\u5230\u652f\u7968\uff0c\u5c31\u524d\u5f80\u8cbc\u73fe\u501f\u8cb8\uff0c\u4ed4\u7d30\u7b97\u8d77\u4f86\u5fc5\u9808\u4ed8\u51fa\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u7684\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u9019\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u696d\u52d9\u662f\u8cfa\u9322\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u7919\u65bc\u9ad8\u5229\u8cb8\u7684\u793e\u6703\u89c0\u611f\u4e0d\u597d\u800c\u9078\u64c7\u4e0d\u505a\u9019\u7a2e\u696d\u52d9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5c0f\u91d1\u878d\u516c\u53f8\u5927\u767c\u5229\u5dff\uff0c\u4f46\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u52de\u5de5\u5c31\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. \u6709\u4e9b\u623f\u6771\u5c08\u9580\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f88\u721b\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u79df\u7d66\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u623f\u79df\u5ef6\u9072\uff0c\u5c31\u4eb3\u4e0d\u7336\u8c6b\u628a\u4ed6\u5011\u6383\u5730\u51fa\u9580\u3002\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u7e31\u4f7f\u806f\u90a6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e9b\u8a31\u88dc\u52a9\uff0c\u537b\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u623f\u6771\u6f32\u4e86\u7684\u623f\u79df\u6240\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u6539\u5584\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. \u6211\u5011\u6703\u4ee5\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5404\u8272\u4eba\u7a2e\u878d\u5408\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5be6\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9694\u96e2\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9019\u9ad4\u73fe\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u4f4f\u6c11\u819a\u8272\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u3002\u7576\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u7a2e\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u300c\u767d\u4eba\u5340\u300d\u8cfc\u5730\u5efa\u623f\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u906d\u5230\u7576\u5730\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6015\u6703\u56e0\u6b64\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u623f\u50f9\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u662f\u660e\u4ee4\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f03\u5bcc\u5eb6\u7684\u5730\u5340\u5efa\u8f03\u5c0f\u5c0f\u576a\u6578\u7aae\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f03\u4ed8\u5f97\u8d77\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4f4f\u5b85\u3002\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u5f80\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4f\u6c11\u5c31\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4f9d\u7167\u819a\u8272\u7684\u5206\u5340\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. \u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u91cf\u6e1b\u7a05\u3001\u522a\u6e1b\u653f\u5e9c\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u662f\u5f9e\u96f7\u6839\u7e3d\u7d71\u5949\u884c\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u516c\u5712\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u8a2d\u65bd\u51cb\u853d\u3002\u9019\u5c0d\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6e38\u6cf3\u6c60\u548c\u4ff1\u6a02\u90e8\uff0c\u51fa\u884c\u6709\u8c6a\u8eca\u53ef\u958b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u5c0d\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u7684\u501a\u8cf4\u5247\u662f\u5f88\u6df1\uff0c\u9019\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\u3002\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u8981\u6642\u6642\u5fcd\u53d7\u9aaf\u9ad2\u3001\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u516c\u5712\u548c\u8857\u982d\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u53ea\u8981\u907f\u958b\u90a3\u500b\u5206\u5340\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. \u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u7ffb\u8eab\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u8b93\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u5f8c\u4ee3\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9677\u65bc\u8ca7\u7aae(\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4eba\u8aaa\u8ca7\u7aae\u6703\u50b3\u7d66\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3)\u3002\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5149\u5149\u628a\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5c0f\u5b69\uff0c\u9001\u5165\u767d\u4eba\u4e0a\u7684\u5b78\u6821\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u66f4\u5bcc\u6709\u5275\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u9060\u96e2\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u516c\u5712\u548c\u8857\u982d\u4e26\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5c0f\u5b69\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u8070\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u826f\u597d\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u5982\u679c\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u958b\u516c\u5712\u548c\u8857\u982d\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6642\u9593\u5f85\u5728\u5bb6\ud855\ude83\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5c0f\u5b69\u5728\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e0a\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6bd4\u767d\u4eba\u5c0f\u5b69\u8f15\u6613\u9072\u4e0a\u4e00\u5e74\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. \u7f8e\u570b\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u8ca7\u7aae\u554f\u984c\u8087\u56e0\u65bc\uff1a\u653f\u5ba2\u5c0d\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u5ffd\u7565\uff1b\u4f01\u696d\u4e3b\u70ba\u4e86\u9010\u5229\u800c\u4ed8\u5f88\u4f4e\u7684\u525d\u524a\u6027\u6642\u85aa\uff1b\u8a8d\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u81ea\u529b\u6551\u6fdf\u7684\u904a\u8aaa\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u524a\u5f31\u570b\u6703\u89e3\u6c7a\u8ca7\u7aae\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6c7a\u5fc3\uff1b\u696d\u4e3b\u623f\u6771\u628a\u7aae\u4eba\u5f9e\u5e02\u5340\u8d95\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u7aae\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u4ed8\u5f97\u8d77\u7684\u906e\u98a8\u907f\u96e8\u4e4b\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. \u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5e6b\u52a9\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u9810\u7b97\u662f\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\uff0c\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u65bc\u7a05\u6536\u592a\u5c11\u3002\u4ee52019\u5e74\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u3001\u5fb7\u570b\u3001\u8377\u862d\u3001\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u9019\u4e9b\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u7a05\u7387\u589e\u5230\u4e86GDP\u768438%\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u5247\u53ea\u662f25%\u7684\u4f4e\u6c34\u6e96\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0cMathew Desmond\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6d88\u6ec5\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u91dd\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lift the floor by rebalancing our social safety net; empower the poor by reining in exploitation; and invest in broad prosperity by turning away from segregation. That’s how we end poverty in America\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u62c9\u9ad8\u4e26\u91cd\u65b0\u8abf\u6574\u793e\u6703\u5b89\u5168\u7db2\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\uff1b\u52a0\u5f37\u7aae\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u525d\u524a\uff1b\u70ba\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5bcc\u5eb6\u800c\u505a(\u516c\u5171\u8ca1)\u6295\u8cc7\uff0c\u7d50\u675f\u4f9d\u819a\u8272\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u5206\u5340\u548c\u9694\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

==================<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u53f0\u7063\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u64da\u806f\u5408\u5831\u6574\u7406\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f9d\u7167\u885e\u798f\u90e8\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u6236\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5e74\u9010\u6f38\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5230\u4e862022\u5e74\u662f1.25%\uff0c\u5171\u7d0428.8\u842c\u4eba\u3002(\u53f0\u7063\u6700\u4f4e\u751f\u6d3b\u8cbb\u5b9a\u70ba\u6bcf\u4eba\u6bcf\u6708\u65b0\u53f0\u5e6314,230\u5143\uff1b\u4e0d\u52d5\u7522\u9650\u984d\u6bcf\u6236\u65b0\u53f0\u5e63358\u842c\u5143\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u7f8e\u570b2022\u5e74\u7684\u8ca7\u7aae\u7dda\u63db\u6210\u53f0\u5e63\u6bcf\u4eba\u6bcf\u6708\u70ba36,092\u5143\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u76842.53\u4fe1\uff0c\u5dee\u7570\u61c9\u5728\u65bc\u7269\u50f9\u3002\u6574\u9ad4\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7269\u50f9\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u7269\u50f9\u76842.66\u500d\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u662f\u623f\u50f9\u6f32\u5f97\u592a\u53b2\u5bb3\uff0c\u57282011\u5e74\u662f\u4e0d\u5403\u4e0d\u559d7\u5e74\u7684\u6240\u5f97\u624d\u8cb7\u5f97\u8d77\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u5230\u4e862023\u5e74\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u5f979\u5e74\u4e0d\u5403\u4e0d\u559d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4ee5\u7f8e\u570b\u70ba\u501f\u93e1\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u61c9\u8a72\u52a0\u5927\u5c0d\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8981\u5e6b\u52a9\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8ca1\u6e90\uff0c\u7531\u8f03\u9ad8\u6240\u5f97\u8005\u591a\u7e73\u9ede\u7a05\u4f86\u652f\u61c9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u60c5\u7406\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002(\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u540d\u76ee\u501f\u9322\uff0c\u50b5\u7559\u5b50\u5b6b)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7e3d\u7d71\u5927\u9078\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4f4f\u623f\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u558a\u5f97\u9707\u5929\u50f9\u97ff\u3002\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u4f86\u84cb\u592a\u6162\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8003\u616e\u7d66\u5efa\u5546\u5bb9\u7a4d\u7684\u734e\u52f5\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u53ef\u4f9b\u51fa\u79df\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u4f86\u5e73\u50f9\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81f3\u65bc\u79df\u91d1\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u7814\u7a76\u7ba1\u5236\u5728\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ef0\u5236\u623f\u50f9\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d93\u904e\u53f0\u5317\u8eca\u7ad9\uff0c\u5c0d\u570d\u5728\u90a3\u908a\u9732\u5bbf\u7684\u8857\u982d\u904a\u6c11\uff0c\u5370\u8c61\u5341\u5206\u6df1\u523b\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u8ca7\u7aae\u7387\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u4f4e\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u6709\u9ad8\u905428.8\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u770b\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u518d\u770b\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4f55\u5176\u6709\u5e78\uff0c\u4f4f\u5728\u76f8\u5c0d\u5747\u5bcc\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u6eff\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u907f\u514d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5148\u9032\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8001\u8def\uff0c\u4f7f\u300e\u8001\u6709\u6240\u7d42\uff0c\u58ef\u6709\u6240\u7528\uff0c\u5e7c\u6709\u6240\u9577\u3002\u77dc\u5be1\u5b64\u7368\u5ee2\u75be\u8005\uff0c\u7686\u6709\u6240\u990a\u3002\u300f(\uff5e\u79ae\u904b\u5927\u540c\u7bc7)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u4e0d\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u9322\uff0c\u5f37\u52e2\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ea\u8981\u5370\u9214\u7968\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u3002\u518d\u4e0d\u6fdf\uff0c\u632a\u632a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8cbb\u7528\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u6253\u4e8620\u5e74\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u7372\u7684\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u5171\u82b1\u4e86\u7d042\u5146(20,000\u5104)\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u62ff\u4f86\u6295\u8cc7\u570b\u5167\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\uff0c\u5c0d\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u6539\u5584\u7d55\u5c0d\u662f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u3002\u9019\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6dfa\u898b\uff0c\u96e3\u602a\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u83c1\u82f1\u6703\u8996\u800c\u4e0d\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*: Mathew Desmond, \u201cPoverty, by America,\u201d 2023. Penguin Random House LLC, New York <\/p>\n\n\n\n

**\u3008\u8ca7\u7aae\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u95dc\u9375\u6578\u64da \u63ed3\u5927\u300c\u9ad4\u611f\u8ca7\u7aae\u300d\u73fe\u8c61\u3009\uff0c2023\/9\/4\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u5831\u6578\u4f4d\u7248<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024\/3\/25 Poverty, by America Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This is who we are: the riches…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37210"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37210\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37212,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37210\/revisions\/37212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}