{"id":37158,"date":"2024-02-21T11:13:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-21T03:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37158"},"modified":"2024-03-27T11:15:19","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T03:15:19","slug":"%e7%99%bd%e7%9f%ae%e6%98%9f%e6%9c%89%e5%a5%87%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%8c%e9%82%a3%e4%bd%a0%e4%b9%9f%e6%9c%89%e5%97%8e%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37158","title":{"rendered":"\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u6709\u5947\u9ede\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u4e5f\u6709\u55ce\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662fChandrasekhar limit (\u9322\u5fb7\u62c9\u585e\u5361\u6975\u9650)\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u500b\u592a\u5927\u7684\u661f\u7403\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u6703\u6838\u878d\u5408\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u8b8a\u5f97\u5920\u5c0f\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u5c31\u662f\u50cf\u592a\u967d\u8cea\u91cf\u76841.4\u500d\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8cea\u91cf\u6578\u503c\u5c31\u53eb\u505aChandrasekhar limit \u6216Chandrasekhar mass\uff0c\u540d\u7a31\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8a18\u5ff5\u9996\u4f4d\u7b97\u51fa\u90a3\u500b\u6578\u503c\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u5e74\u8f15\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chandrasekhar\u5728\u8a08\u7b97\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u8cea\u91cf\u548c\u9ad4\u7a4d\u6642\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7576\u8cea\u91cf\u63a5\u8fd1Chandrasekhar mass\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5df2\u7d93\u7e2e\u5230\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u7e2e\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u5df2\u7d93\u9054\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u6975\u9650\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u7206\u70b8\u4e00\u9014\uff0c\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u9081\u5411\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u81e8\u754c\u9ede\u53eb\u300c\u5947\u9ede\u300d(singularity)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7bc0\u9304\u66f8\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bcChandrasekhar limit(Chandrasekhar mass)\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\u65bc\u540e\uff0c\u8ddf\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95b1\u8b80Chandrasekhar limit (Chandrasekhar mass)\uff0c\u6df1\u6df1\u89ba\u5f97\uff0c\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u592a\u967d\u8cea\u91cf\u76841.4\u500d\uff0c\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u6703\u6709\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u5947\u9ede\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5e73\u5e38\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u903c\u5230\u7d55\u5883\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e5f\u662f\u6703\u7206\u70b8\u55ce\uff1f\u7269\u6975\u5fc5\u53cd\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u8b1b\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u554a\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A star like the Sun with a mass up to 8 solar masses turns into a red giant star towards the end of its life, burning the helium that it has produced in its core. The helium is transformed to carbon and oxygen. This phase of its life lasts perhaps a billion years. The red giant star sheds its outer layers as a so-called planetary nebula. The residual core of the star then quickly turns into a white dwarf star, with a mass typically of o.6 solar masses but up to about 1.4 solar masses (the mass of the most massive white dwarf star so far discovered is 1.3 solar masses). Nuclear burning has ceased in such a star, which shines only by radiating the heat that it still contains from this earlier nuclear burning. It progressively cools, turning eventually into an all but invisible black dwarf.*<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u500b\u50cf\u592a\u967d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u661f\u7403\u4f46\u8cea\u91cf\u9ad8\u9060\u592a\u967d\u76848\u500d\u8005\uff0c\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u7d05\u8272\u5de8\u661f\u800c\u6b65\u5411\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u71c3\u71d2\u6838\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u6c26\u3002\u6c26\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u78b3\u548c\u6c27\u3002\u9019\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u5927\u7d04\u6301\u7e8c10\u5104\u5e74\u3002\u7d05\u8272\u5de8\u661f\u525d\u9664\u5916\u5c64\u6210\u70ba\u884c\u661f\u72c0\u661f\u96f2\u3002\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u661f\u7403\u6838\u5fc3\u8fc5\u901f\u8b8a\u6210\u767d\u77ee\u661f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u592a\u967d\u8cea\u91cf\u76840.6\u52301.4\u500d\u4e4b\u9593(\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u4e2d\u66fe\u767c\u73fe\u6700\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u592a\u967d\u8cea\u91cf\u76841.3\u500d)\u3002\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u7684\u6838\u878d\u5408\u5df2\u7d93\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5149\u4eae\u662f\u5148\u524d\u6838\u878d\u5408\u7522\u751f\u7684\u71b1\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u71b1\u8f3b\u5c04\u3002\u5b83\u6703\u9010\u6f38\u964d\u6eab\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u9ed1\u77ee\u661f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

White dwarfs take their time to transform into black dwarfs – probably none in our Galaxy have ever made it to this stage yet. The dimmest white dwarfs known have a cooling age of 9 billion years. They typically have come from stars originally of about 3 solar masses, which took about 300 million years to become white dwarfs. Looking on the oldest white dwarfs as having come from the oldest stars in the Galaxy, this puts the age of the Galaxy as 9.3 billion years, at a minimum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u8981\u5f88\u4e45\u624d\u80fd\u8b8a\u6210\u9ed1\u77ee\u661f\u2014\u2014\u6216\u8a31\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u4e2d\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u9054\u5230\u9019\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u6700\u6697\u7684\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u81f3\u5c11\u5df2\u7d93\u6b77\u7d9390\u5104\u5e74\u7684\u51b7\u537b\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u8cea\u91cf\u70ba3\u500d\u592a\u967d\u7684\u661f\u7403\uff0c\u6b74\u66423\u5104\u5e74\u624d\u8b8a\u6210\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u3002\u8996\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u661f\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u661f\u7403\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u6240\u5728\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u5b83\u5c31\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u751f\u6210\u65bc93\u5104\u5e74\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are billions of white dwarfs in our Galaxy: 95 per cent of stars end their lives in this way. However, although they are common, they are faint, so they are easily overlooked and none had been discovered until 1910. The first to be identified is called 40 Eridani B – the letter ‘B’ refers to the fact that it is the faint companion to the star 40 Eridani A, a binary star discovered by William Herschel (and further shown to be a triple).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6709\u6578\u5341\u5104\u9846\u767d\u77ee\u661f\uff1a95%\u7684\u661f\u7403\u7684\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ee5\u6b64\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u544a\u7d42\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u4eae\u5149\u975e\u5e38\u5fae\u5f31\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u5f9e1910\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\u518d\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u73fe\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u9846\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u7de8\u865f40 Eridani B \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u201cB\u201d\u662f\u6307\u5b83\u9130\u8fd140 Eridani A\uff0cWilliam Herschel\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u96d9\u661f(\u5f8c\u7e8c\u89c0\u5bdf\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e09\u9846\u661f\u7403)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because it is in a binary system, it is possible to infer the mass of 40 Eridani B, which is not unusual and not very different to the Sun, at o.6 times the Sun’s mass. On a routine visit to Harvard College Observatory, American astronomer Henry Norris Russell(1877-1957) from Princeton University pointed out to Observatory director Edward Pickering (see page 41) that 40 Eridani B was abnormally faint. They discussed the consequence that it must be rather small – small stars have less surface area from which to radiate light, do not radiate much and therefore are faint – 40 Eridani B would thus seem to be abnormally dense, which implied that the structure of the star was different from others. Russell mentioned that it would be useful to know the star’s temperature so that its size could be properly determined – the amount of light per unit area radiated by a star depends on its temperature, so dividing its total luminosity by the light radiated per unit area leads to an estimate of the star’s surface area and hence a more precise determination of its radius. The Harvard Observatory was in the middle of a project to find the temperatures of large numbers of stars. Pickering made a telephone call to his assistant, Scottish astronomer Williamina Fleming (1857-1911). Russell recalled that ‘in half an hour she came up and said “I’ve got it here…”. I knew enough, even then, to know what it meant.’<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5728\u96d9\u661f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65b740 Eridani B\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u7279\u5225\u4e0d\u540c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u548c\u592a\u967d\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u662f\u592a\u967d\u8cea\u91cf\u76840.6\u500d\u3002\u4f86\u81ea\u7f8e\u570b\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6Henry Norris Russell\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u5230\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u89c0\u6e2c\u7ad9\u7684\u4f8b\u884c\u6027\u8a2a\u554f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u89c0\u6e2c\u7ad9\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1Edward Pickering\u6307\u51fa40 Eridani B \u6697\u5f97\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8a0e\u8ad6\u90a3\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7279\u5225\u5c0f\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u2014\u2014\u5c0f\u661f\u7403\u7684\u8868\u9762\u7a4d\u8f03\u5c0f\u8f3b\u5c04\u51fa\u7684\u5149\u4e0d\u591a\u6240\u4ee5\u986f\u5f97\u6697\u6de1\u2014\u201440 Eridani B \u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7570\u5e38\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8a72\u661f\u7403\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u661f\u7403\u4e0d\u540c\u3002Russell\u63d0\u5230\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5075\u6e2c\u90a3\u661f\u7403\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u661f\u7403\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u55ae\u4f4d\u9762\u7a4d\u8f3b\u5c04\u71b1\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u661f\u7403\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u628a\u7e3d\u4eae\u5ea6\u9664\u4e86\u6bcf\u55ae\u4f4d\u9762\u7a4d\u7684\u5149\u8f3b\u5c04\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f30\u8a08\u661f\u7403\u8868\u9762\u7a4d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u7cbe\u78ba\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5176\u534a\u5f91\u3002\u54c8\u4f5b\u89c0\u6e2c\u7ad9\u6b63\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5c08\u6848\u5728\u5075\u6e2c\u5927\u91cf\u661f\u7403\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u3002Pickering\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u901a\u96fb\u8a71\u7d66\u4ed6\u7684\u52a9\u7406\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8607\u683c\u862d\u7c4d\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6Williamina Fleming\u3002Russell\u61b6\u53ca\u90a3\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a\u300c\u5979\u5728\u534a\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u5167\u56de\u8986\u8aaa\uff0c\u300e\u6709\u4e86\u3002\u300f\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u4ee3\u8868\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The temperature of the star was very high: it was ‘white’ hot. But it was also very dim, which meant that it was very small – a ‘dwarf’. Russell correctly surmised that the star was a similar size to the Earth, much smaller than the Sun or other similar stars although its mass was like theirs. The term ‘white dwarf’ for such a star was coined by Dutch-American astronomer Willem Luyten in 1922.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u500b\u661f\u7403\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u5f88\u9ad8\uff1a\u662f\u300c\u767d\u71be\u300d\u71b1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u537b\u5f88\u4e0d\u4eae\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u5f88\u5c0f\u2014 \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u77ee\u300d\u661f\u7403\u3002 Russell\u6b63\u78ba\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u90a3\u9846\u661f\u7403\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5730\u7403\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4\u592a\u967d\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u661f\u7403\u90fd\u5c0f\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u548c\u592a\u967d\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u661f\u7403\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002\u300c\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u300d\u9019\u500b\u540d\u7a31\u7528\u4f86\u6307\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u661f\u7403\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u662f\u8377\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6Willem Luyten\u57281922\u5e74\u53d6\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

White dwarfs are extremely small and dense – a matchbox filled with white dwarf material would weigh 1 tonne – and the force of gravity at their surface is very strong. White dwarf material is extraordinarily incompressible since it has to withstand the tendency of the star to collapse under its own weight. In 1925, a young British physicist, Ralph Fowler (1889-1944), using the new science of quantum mechanics, discovered that this material is ‘degenerate’: all the electrons in the material are packed together as closely as is physically possible, stopped from getting closer by the laws of quantum mechanics. The pressure generated in the degenerate material resists the tendency of the star to collapse, even given the strong gravitational force that drags it down.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u9ad4\u7a4d\u6975\u5c0f\u800c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6975\u9ad8\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u500b\u706b\u67f4\u76d2\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u7269\u8cea\u91cd\u90541\u5678\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u8868\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u5247\u975e\u5e38\u5f37\u3002\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u6cd5\u518d\u58d3\u7e2e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5fc5\u9808\u652f\u6490\u4f4f\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u4e4b\u4e0b\u81ea\u7136\u50be\u5411\u7684\u584c\u9677\u3002\u57281925\u5e74\uff0c\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6Ralph Fowler\uff0c\u904b\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u90a3\u662f\u661f\u7403\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u300c\u7c21\u4f75\u300d\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u90fd\u64e0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7dca\u5bc6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u539f\u7406\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u7269\u8cea\u300c\u7c21\u4f75\u300d\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u6297\u62d2\u4e86\u661f\u7403\u584c\u9677\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u7e31\u4f7f\u6975\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u5728\u4f5c\u7528\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fowler’s discovery was incorporated into calculations of the structure of white dwarfs by a nineteen-year-old Indian mathematician Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910-1995). In 1930, he was on an ocean liner sailing from India to Britain to study at Trinity College, Cambridge, passing the time on the cruise around the Cape of Good Hope by making relaxing astrophysical calculations (unlike most other passengers, one may safely guess). Chandrasekhar discovered the relationship between the mass and the size of white dwarfs – he found to his surprise that the more massive the star, the smaller its size. In fact, he found that there is a mass at which a white dwarf would be point-like. Above this mass, white dwarts cannot exist, no matter how massive a star that they formed from. This limit is known as the Chandrasekhar mass and is about one and a half times the mass of the Sun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u757619\u6b72\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar\u5728\u8a08\u7b97\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0cFowler \u7684\u767c\u73fe\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u57281930\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u642d\u4e58\u6d0b\u8f2a\u7531\u5370\u5ea6\u524d\u5f80\u82f1\u570b\u528d\u6a4b\u4e09\u4e00\u5b78\u9662\u6df1\u9020\u3002\u5728\u822a\u7a0b\u7e5e\u904e\u597d\u671b\u89d2\u7684\u6642\u5019\u70ba\u4e86\u6253\u767c\u6642\u5c31\u8457\u624b\u9032\u884c\u822a\u592a\u7269\u7406\u7684\u8a08\u7b97(\u4e0d\u50cf\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5176\u4ed6\u4e58\u5ba2\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5)\u3002Chandrasekhar\u767c\u73fe\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u8cea\u91cf\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u5f88\u9a5a\u8a1d\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u9054\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u6578\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5247\u81f3\u4e00\u500b\u9ede\u3002\u8d85\u904e\u90a3\u500b\u8cea\u91cf\u6578\uff0c\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u7121\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u662f\u5f9e\u591a\u91cd\u7684\u661f\u7403\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8cea\u91cf\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300cChandrasekhar \u8cea\u91cf\u300d\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u662f\u592a\u967d\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u500d\u534a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A white dwarf star at the Chandrasekhar limit occupies just a point – an infinitely small volume, or in the language of mathematics, a ‘singularity’. If nature nears a mathematical singularity, it is heading towards a physical impossibility. Before the impossible is reached, nature diverts into some other realm. The new realm here is an explosion and, possibly, the creation of a black hole. Not everyone realized this at first. When Chandrasekhar presented his results to his colleagues in 1935, he was publicly ridiculed by the most distinguished astronomer in Britain at the time, Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington (see page 17), who called the result ‘stellar buffoonery’. Humiliated, Chandrasekhar abandoned his career in Britain and emigrated to the USA, where he worked at the University of Chicago for the rest of his life. His lifetime of achievement was recognized by the award of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983<\/p>\n\n\n\n

‘for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars\u2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u9054\u5230\u300cChandrasekhar \u8cea\u91cf\u300d\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5927\u5c0f\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9ede\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u9650\u5c0f\u7684\u9ad4\u7a4d\uff0c\u6216\u7528\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u5947\u9ede\u300d\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u7279\u6027\u63a5\u8fd1\u6578\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u5947\u9ede\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u671d\u5411\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u7279\u6027\u5c31\u6703\u5c0e\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u800c\u5c0d\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u63a5\u8457\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u3002\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u7576Chandrasekhar\u57281935\u5e74\u5411\u6240\u5c6c\u5b78\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u88ab\u7576\u6642\u82f1\u570b\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u516c\u958b\u5632\u7b11\u3002Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington\u751a\u81f3\u8aaa\u90a3\u500b\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\u300c\u660e\u661f\u7684\u6ed1\u7a3d\u8868\u6f14\u300d\u3002\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cChandrasekhar\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u82f1\u502b\u7684\u751f\u6daf\u642c\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e26\u6e21\u904e\u9918\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7d42\u8eab\u6210\u5c31\u7d42\u65bc\u53d7\u5230\u8a8d\u53ef\uff0c\u57281983\u5e74\u7372\u9812\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\uff0c\u300c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5f70\u986f\u4e86\u661f\u7403\u7d50\u69cb\u53ca\u6f14\u8b8a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u6d1e\u6089\u7269\u7406\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\uff1aPaul Murdin,\u201dThe Universe, A Biography,\u201d 2022, Thames & Hudson Ttd, London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.S. \u76f8\u7247\u54c8\u4f2f\u592a\u7a7a\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u62cd\u651d\u7684\u5929\u72fc\u661fA\u548cB\u3002\u5929\u72fc\u661fB\u662f\u4e00\u9846\u767d\u77ee\u661f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4f4d\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u4eae\u7684\u5929\u72fc\u661fA\u5de6\u4e0b\u65b9\u3002(\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662fChandrasekhar limit (\u9322\u5fb7\u62c9\u585e\u5361\u6975…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37158","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37158"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37158\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37160,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37158\/revisions\/37160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37158"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37158"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}