{"id":37155,"date":"2024-02-21T11:12:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-21T03:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37155"},"modified":"2024-03-27T11:13:16","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T03:13:16","slug":"%e6%88%91%e7%9f%a5%e9%81%93%e8%87%aa%e5%b7%b1%e4%b8%80%e7%84%a1%e6%89%80%e7%9f%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37155","title":{"rendered":"\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u77e5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f9d\u7167\u5c0d\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f86\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u6700\u7d42\u4e00\u5207\u6703\u6b78\u65bc\u6b7b\u5bc2\u3002\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u60b2\u89c0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u662f\u5f88\u4e45\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u5f88\u4e45\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u8a95\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u592a\u967d\u7cfb\u4e5f\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u751f\u4e0d\u6eff\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53bb\u8d8a\u7d1a\u6253\u602a\u4f86\u60b2\u89c0\u624d\u5c0d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7531\u9ad8\u901f\u7c92\u5b50\u52a0\u901f\u5668\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u5938\u514b\u3001\u81a0\u5b50\u3001\u8f15\u5b50(\u6e3a\u5b50\u3001\u6fe4\u5b50\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u3001\u6e3a\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u3001\u6fe4\u5b50\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50)\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u7384\u7684\u662f\u7c92\u5b50\u548c\u53cd\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u63a8\u800c\u5ee3\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5c0d\u61c9\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u53cd\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5e73\u884c\u6642\u7a7a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53eb\u505a\u591a\u91cd\u5b87\u5b99(multiverse)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u884c\u6587\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4eba\u985e\u5f88\u53b2\u5bb3\uff0c\u524d\u8ff0\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7269\u8cea\u53ea\u7d04\u4f54\u5b87\u5b99\u76845%\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u6697\u7269\u8cea\u548c\u6697\u80fd\u91cf\u7d04\u4f54\u5176\u9918\u768495%\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5c1a\u672a\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u524d\u570b\u9632\u90e8\u9577\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u8a18\u8005\u63d0\u554f\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6027\u6b66\u5668\u6642\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6709\u540d\u7684\u56de\u7b54(\u6c92\u6709\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u56de\u7b54)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026there are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns \u2014 the ones we don\u2019t know we don\u2019t know.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Donald Rumsfeld<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7269\u8cea\u4f54\u5b87\u5b99\u76845%\uff0c\u9019\u52c9\u5f37\u662fknown knowns(\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5df2\u77e5)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6697\u7269\u8cea\u548c\u6697\u80fd\u91cf\u4f54\u5b87\u5b99\u7d0495%\uff0c\u9019\u662fknown unknowns(\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u672a\u77e5)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9084\u6709unknown unknowns(\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u672a\u77e5)\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unknown knowns(\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u5df2\u77e5)\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u52e4\u65bc\u63a2\u7a76\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002\u518d\u52a0\u4e0aknown unknowns(\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u672a\u77e5)\u548cunknown unknowns(\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u672a\u77e5)\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5be6\u5728\u61c9\u8a72\u4e94\u9ad4\u6295\u5730\u5fb9\u5e95\u8b19\u5351\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u5be9\u5224\u6642\uff0c\u300e\u2026\u2026\u8607\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u5c31\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e86\u2026\u2026\u4e3b\u984c\uff1a\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u2014\u2014\u54f2\u5b78\u59cb\u65bc\u5c0d\u7121\u77e5\u7684\u627f\u8a8d\u3002\u8607\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u96a8\u5f8c\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u667a\u6167\u90fd\u6e90\u65bc\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u77e5\u3002\u300f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300c\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u77e5\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c6c\u65bcunknown knowns(\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u5df2\u77e5) + known unknowns(\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u672a\u77e5) + unknown unknowns(\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u672a\u77e5)\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u7f8e\u570b\u6709\u8607\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4e0d\u7528\u767c\u52d5\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebd\u6703\u8f15\u9b06\u7701\u4e0b2\u842c\u5104\u7f8e\u5143\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7bc0\u9304\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u65bc\u4f54\u5b87\u5b995%\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u65bc\u540e\u8ddf\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the temperature of the Big Bang material had reduced to some thousands of billions of degrees, the particles of which it was made had energies that are comparable to the highest energies reached in terrestrial particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider at the CERN laboratory in Geneva. The properties of fundamental particles established at places like CERN are properties that pertain to the earliest times in the Big Bang for which we have real evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u5f8c\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u964d\u5230\u5e7e\u767e\u5104\u5ea6\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u985e\u4f3c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7c92\u5b50\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u6240\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u65e5\u5167\u74e6CERN \u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684Large Hadron Collider \u5c31\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u80fd\u8010\u3002CERN \u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u548c\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u6700\u521d\u671f\u76f8\u95dc\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u7279\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As described in Chapter 2, the Big Bang material right after cosmic inflation was made of a mixture of all the known fundamental particles, right down to the most fundamental particles currently known called quarks and gluons. These constituted the majority of particles at that time in a mixture known as a quark-gluon plasma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quarks are the building blocks of protons and similar particles; gluons are the particles that carry the strong force that binds the quarks. The plasma also contained leptons, including electrons and muons and neutrinos, and the particles that carry the forces that act between these, including high-energy photons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7269\u8cc7\u9020\u6210\u5b87\u5b99\u8fc5\u901f\u81a8\u8139\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u76f4\u6307\u73fe\u4eca\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5938\u514b\u300d\u548c\u300c\u81a0\u5b50\u300d\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u7576\u6642\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u70ba\u300c\u5938\u514b-\u81a0\u5b50\u96fb\u6f3f\u300d\u3002\u5938\u514b\u662f\u8cea\u5b50\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u985e\u4f3c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u69cb\u9020\u5167\u5bb9\uff1b\u81a0\u5b50\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u529b\u91cf\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5938\u514b\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u90a3\u7a2e\u96fb\u6f3f\u4e2d\u4e5f\u542b\u6709\u300c\u8f15\u5b50\u300d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u96fb\u5b50\u3001\u300c\u6e3a\u5b50\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u6709\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the Universe aged to 1 millisecond, the plasma had cooled enough for triplets of quarks to bind together with gluons to make protons (two up-quarks and a down-quark) and neutrons (two downs and an up) and their antiparticles. Protons and neutrons are called baryons, so this is the time at which baryonic matter – our kind of matter – came into existence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b87\u5b99\u8a95\u751f\u7684\u5343\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u79d2\uff0c\u96fb\u6f3f\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u8db3\u5920\u8b933\u500b\u5938\u514b\u548c1\u500b\u81a0\u5b50\u7d50\u5408\u70ba\u8cea\u5b50(2\u500b\u4e0a\u5938\u514b\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u4e0b\u5938\u514b)\u548c\u4e2d\u5b50(2\u500b\u4e0b\u5938\u514b\u548c1\u500b\u4e0a\u5938\u514b)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u53cd\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u8cea\u5b50\u548c\u4e2d\u5b50\u662f\u300c\u91cd\u5b50\u300d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\u6709\u300c\u91cd\u91cf\u300d\u7684\u7269\u8cc7\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What about dark matter? Did it come into existence during inflation, before the hot Big Bang, or was it during the Big Bang itself, in parallel with baryonic matter? When cosmologists know what dark matter is, they might be in a better position to say.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\u300c\u6697\u7269\u8cea\u300d\u5462\uff1f\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u81a8\u8139\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5728\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5b83\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u6642\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u4e00\u8d77\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff1f\u7576\u5b87\u5b99\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u6697\u7269\u8cea\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6216\u8a31\u624d\u66f4\u6709\u7acb\u5834\u4f86\u89e3\u8b80\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mixture included antiparticles as well as particles, produced in almost equal numbers. Antiparticles are complementary to particles. If a particle meets its antiparticle, they mutually annihilate – the particle falls into a metaphorical hole where it fits exactly. The result is empty space and energy, which radiates away. It is theoretically possible for antiparticle galaxies to exist that are indistinguishable from ordinary galaxies. They would contain anti-suns, anti-planets and alien anti-beings. It would be unsafe for us to shake hands if we encountered such a person – we would together result in mutually assured destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7c92\u5b50\u548c\u53cd\u7c92\u5b50\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u7c92\u5b50\u78b0\u4e0a\u53cd\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u4e92\u76f8\u62b5\u6d88\u2014\u2014\u7c92\u5b50\u597d\u50cf\u6389\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u597d\u5bc6\u5408\u7684\u6d1e\ud855\ude83\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u6e05\u7a7a\u4e86\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u7528\u8f3b\u5c04\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u91cb\u653e\u3002\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u53cd\u661f\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u661f\u7cfb\u5340\u5206\u4e0d\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u661f\u7cfb\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u53cd\u592a\u967d\u3001\u53cd\u661f\u7403\u3001\u53cd\u4eba\u985e\u3002\u548c\u53cd\u4eba\u985e\u63a5\u89f8\u9023\u63e1\u624b\u90fd\u662f\u5371\u96aa\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u548c\u5c0d\u65b9\u6703\u76f8\u4e92\u62b5\u6d88\u800c\u6bc0\u6ec5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The symmetry in the Big Bang between particles and antiparticles was not precise. For every billion antiquarks, there were a billion and one quarks, so when they all had touched and annihilated each other there was one quark left over, which is why the Universe consists of matter with no antimatter (except on a very local scale for a very short time after a very rare particle physics event of some energetic sort).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u548c\u53cd\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u4e26\u4e0d\u7cbe\u78ba\u3002\u6bcf10\u5104\u500b\u53cd\u5938\u514b\uff0c\u90a3\u5152\u53ef\u80fd\u670910\u5104+1\u500b\u5938\u514b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7576\u5b83\u5011\u76f8\u4e92\u63a5\u89f8\u800c\u62b5\u6d88\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u6703\u67091\u500b\u5938\u514b\u6b98\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6c92\u6709\u53cd\u7269\u8cea(\u4f8b\u5916\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u767c\u751f\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u5728\u5f88\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5167\uff0c\u67d0\u7a2e\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5f8c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\uff1aPaul Murdin,\u201dThe Universe, A Biography,\u201d 2022, Thames & Hudson Ttd, London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.S. \u76f8\u7247\u662f\u5f9e\u5357\u6e2f\u571f\u5eab\u5cb3\u9060\u773a\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5340<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024\/2\/21 \u6211\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u77e5 Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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