{"id":37149,"date":"2024-02-20T11:05:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-20T03:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37149"},"modified":"2024-03-27T11:07:25","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T03:07:25","slug":"%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e7%9a%84%e5%90%84%e7%a8%ae%e5%a4%a9%e7%84%b6%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0%e6%98%af%e6%80%8e%e9%ba%bc%e4%be%86%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=37149","title":{"rendered":"\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5929\u7136\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u4f86\u7684"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u672c\u4f86\u6bd4\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u6c2b\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u7684\u6c26\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u661f\u7403\u7206\u70b8\u6210\u661f\u96f2\u9806\u5229\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u71c3\u71d2\u6c2b\u800c\u8b8a\u6210\u6c26\u3002\u6c26\u518d\u71c3\u71d2\u8b8a\u6210\u78b3\uff0c\u78b3\u8b8a\u6210\u6c27\uff0c\u6c27\u8b8a\u6210\u6c16\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4f9d\u6b21\u518d\u8b8a\u6210\u9382\u3001\u77fd\u3001\u786b\u3001\u6c2c\u3001\u9223\u3001\u9435\u3002\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u62cb\u5230\u592a\u7a7a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u805a\u6210\u9e88\u7c92\u2014\u2014\u78b3\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u9846\u7c92\uff0c\u7802\u72c0\u7531\u6c27\u548c\u77fd\u7d50\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u77fd\u9178\u9e7d\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u9435\u9846\u7c92\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u661f\u7cfb\u4e92\u649e\u521d\u671f\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5875\u7c92\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u6578\u91cf\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u521d\u751f\u7684\u661f\u7403\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u5728\u7206\u70b8\u70ba\u661f\u96f2\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7bc0\u9304\u4e00\u6bb5\u201cThe Universe, A Biography\u201d \u4e2d\u4e00\u6bb5\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f9b\u5927\u5bb6\u53c3\u8003\u65bc\u5f8c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Collisions between galaxies cause the galaxies to get brighter. This moved the life of the Universe on from the Dark Ages towards the Cosmic Dawn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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During the mergers of galaxies, stars do not collide because they are small and well separated, but clouds of interstellar gas are bigger and do. Gas at the collision interface is squashed. In especially dense regions, gas in the cloud collapses to form stars. If in an image we catch two galaxies colliding, the new stars show as clusters of stars that are bright, hot and blue, with the surrounding gas excited by ultraviolet starlight glowing brightly as a jumble of nebulae. Such an event is known as a starburst (pl. VI). Looking across the whole population of stars in a galaxy, astronomers can identify epochs when starbursts happened, each one triggered by a succession of collisions. The life of a galaxy and its stars is marked by these active episodes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Shortly after each starburst – perhaps tens of thousands to millions of years after – the newly born stars begin to explode as supernovae, so there is a sudden wave of supernova explosions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7dca\u63a5\u8457\u661f\u7206\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u842c\u5e74\u5230\u5343\u842c\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u65b0\u8a95\u751f\u7684\u661f\u7403\u958b\u59cb\u7206\u70b8\u70ba\u661f\u96f2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u7a81\u7136\u767c\u751f\u4e00\u6ce2\u7684\u661f\u96f2\u7206\u70b8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There might be as many as one hundred times more supernovae than usual – one per year in a galaxy rather than one per century. The stars that explode as supernovae are well developed in their evolution and have progressed beyond the burning of hydrogen to helium. They have been burning helium to carbon, carbon to oxygen, oxygen to neon, and so on to magnesium, silicon, sulphur, argon, calcium and iron. The explosion spreads these elements into space where some condense to make dust particles – graphite particles of carbon, sand-like material made of silicate compounds with silicon and oxygen, iron particles and so on. The dust made in the early colliding galaxies was formed in abundance because the first stars were large, evolved rapidly and made lots of the relevant elements before exploding as supernovae. The dust cloaked the light and heat from the remaining stars. It absorbed the light energy and so it became hotter. It emitted infrared radiation, which can be detected by infrared-sensitive telescopes. Microwave radiation with wavelengths in the millimetre range also carries heat from warm things like dust grains: millimetre-wavelength radiation like this can be detected by the ALMA telescope in Chile. ALMA has been able to detect galaxies densely covered by dust so opaque that they cannot be seen at all by the Hubble Space lelescope.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Another effect of the collisions is that the motion of stars and gas in each galaxy is disturbed. Stars and gas no longer orbit the centre of their galaxies in near-circles and the galaxy loses its circular symmetry. If it is a spiral galaxy, it may develop a central ‘bar’ of stars, with its spiral arms starting at each end of the bar (see page 103). Individual stars and streams of gas become redirected into orbits not only around the galaxy in circles but also passing in and out of the galaxy. This raises the possibility that they will pass near to the galaxy’s central supermassive black hole. The pull of the black hole on the nearer side of a star is greater than on the far side and is a tidal force (see page 113). The star may disrupt and its material will join back into the interstellar gas stream flowing onto the black hole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u661f\u7cfb\u4e92\u649e\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5404\u5225\u661f\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u661f\u7403\u548c\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u884c\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u64fe\u52d5\u3002\u661f\u7403\u548c\u6c23\u9ad4\u4e0d\u518d\u7e5e\u8457\u539f\u661f\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8fd1\u5713\u5f62\u7684\u8ecc\u9053\u904b\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u661f\u7cfb\u4e0d\u518d\u5448\u73fe\u5713\u5f62\u5c0d\u7a31\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u87ba\u65cb\u72c0\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u68d2\u72c0\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u65cb\u8f49\u81c2\u7531\u68d2\u72c0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5169\u7aef\u5f80\u5916\u4f38\u51fa\u3002\u500b\u5225\u7684\u661f\u7403\u548c\u6c23\u6d41\u6703\u9032\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u8ecc\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u90fd\u7e5e\u8457\u661f\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5916\u5713\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u5f80\u4e2d\u5fc3\u79fb\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u5247\u5f80\u661f\u7cfb\u4e4b\u5916\u79fb\u52d5\u3002\u9019\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\u63a5\u8fd1\u661f\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8d85\u91cd\u529b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u3002\u8d85\u91cd\u529b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5c0d\u8fd1\u7aef\u7684\u661f\u7403\u7684\u62c9\u529b\u6bd4\u9060\u7aef\u7684\u5f37\uff0c\u5c31\u7336\u7531\u6d77\u6d6a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u661f\u7403\u53ef\u80fd\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u788e\u88c2\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6703\u548c\u661f\u969b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6c23\u6d41\u4e00\u8d77\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u9ed1\u6d1e\ud855\ude83\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Black holes do not mind what they eat to make a quasar. Like lions and crocodiles in the Serengeti Park in Tanzania waiting for the tide of wildebeest, impala and zebra on their annual migration, they gorge on anything, usually gas and dust, but ‘spaghettified’ stars (see page 113) are tasty, too. If such a star drops onto a black hole at the centre of a galaxy, more mass than usual flows towards the quasar in a process called accretion. The flow may often be so great that the black hole cannot swallow it all at once and the material from the disrupted star circles round the black hole in an accretion disc, gradually leaking through onto the black hole itself. The increased mass flow onto the black hole causes the quasar to brighten. The brightening is episodic as extra-big lumps drop into the accretion disc and then into the black hole, so there are short outbursts as well as an overall longer increase of power output. The effects become visible as a bright flaring quasar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9ed1\u6d1e\u6703\u7522\u751f\u985e\u661f\u96f2\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u6311\u98df\uff0c\u50cf\u7345\u5b50\u548c\u9c77\u9b5a\u5728\u5766\u5c1a\u5c3c\u4e9e\u7684Serengeti Park\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u6ce2\u6ce2\u5e74\u5ea6\u9077\u5f99\u4e2d\u7684\u725b\u7f9a\u3001\u9ed1\u6591\u7f9a\u3001\u6591\u99ac\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u5403\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6c23\u9ad4\u548c\u5875\u7c92\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u91cd\u529b\u6495\u88c2\u7684\u661f\u7403\u5c0d\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u7f8e\u5473\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u661f\u7403\u843d\u5165\u661f\u7cfb\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff0c\u6d41\u5411\u985e\u661f\u96f2\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u6703\u7570\u5e38\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u53eb\u300c\u5438\u7a4d\u300d(accretion)\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6d41\u91cf\u7d93\u5e38\u8d85\u904e\u9ed1\u6d1e\u541e\u566c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u661f\u7403\u6495\u88c2\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u5c31\u7e5e\u8457\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u5468\u570d\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5438\u7a39\u7684\u5713\u76e4\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u5411\u9ed1\u6d1e\u91cb\u653e\u3002\u589e\u52a0\u6d41\u5165\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u9ede\u4eae\u985e\u661f\u96f2\u3002\u985e\u661f\u96f2\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6642\u8b8a\u4eae\uff0c\u6bcf\u7576\u984d\u5916\u7684\u584a\u72c0\u7269\u843d\u5165\u5438\u7a4d\u7684\u5713\u76e4\u7136\u5f8c\u63a5\u8457\u6703\u9032\u5165\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u6709\ud84c\udeac\u9593\u7684\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u5728\u9577\u671f\u6574\u9ad4\u51fa\u73fe\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f38\u51fa\u3002\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u660e\u4eae\u7684\u71c3\u71d2\u985e\u661f\u96f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If not all, then nearly all galaxies have a central supermassive black hole. If two galaxies merge, the merged galaxy has two black holes. There are some galaxies, such as NGC 6240, that have a double nucleus, a bright spot of radiated energy coming from two black holes, each drawing in surrounding material. The supermassive black holes are separately eating gas and stars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7e31\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u661f\u7cfb\u90fd\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u592e\u8d85\u91cd\u529b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u3002\u7576\u5169\u500b\u661f\u7cfb\u5408\u4f75\uff0c\u5408\u4f75\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u6703\u6709\u5169\u500b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u661f\u7cfb\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982NGC 6240\uff0c\u6709\u96d9\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u767c\u4eae\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u5169\u500b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u8f3b\u5c04\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u90fd\u4e0d\u65b7\u5438\u6536\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u3002\u5169\u500b\u8d85\u91cd\u529b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5404\u81ea\u541e\u566c\u8457\u661f\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u6c23\u6d41\u548c\u661f\u7403\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In further interactions with the stars and the other black hole, each black hole approaches the other, dining together in close company, then they eat each other. The two black holes gravitate together and orbit each other making a binary black hole pair, stirring up and consuming gas and stars that wander nearby. As they orbit, they radiate gravitational waves. The black hole binary system loses energy and its orbit speeds up, causing gravitational radiation at an increasing power. This lasts for tens or hundreds of millions of years, with the two black holes drawing ever closer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8207\u661f\u7403\u4ee5\u53ca\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4e92\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u9ed1\u76f8\u4e92\u9760\u8fd1\uff0c\u5171\u4f34\u5404\u566c\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u958b\u59cb\u4e92\u76f8\u541e\u98df\u3002\u5169\u500b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u91cd\u529b\u76f8\u5438\uff0c\u7e5e\u8457\u5c0d\u65b9\u8f49\uff0c\u914d\u5c0d\u5f62\u6210\u96d9\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff0c\u64fe\u4e82\u4e26\u541e\u566c\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6c23\u6d41\u548c\u661f\u7403\u3002\u96d9\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7cfb\u7d71\u5931\u53bb\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u7e5e\u8f49\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5feb\uff0c\u91cd\u529b\u8f3b\u5c04\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5927\u3002\u9019\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u5343\u5e74\u751a\u81f3\u5104\u5e74\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u6108\u62c9\u6b32\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is a quasar, OJ 287, which seems to have reached this state. For the last 130 years at least, it has been giving a double burst of light every 11-12 years. One interpretation of what is going on in OJ 287 is that it is a binary black hole pair, so close together that they appear to us as one bright nucleus in a much fainter, merged galaxy. The orbital period of the smaller one around the larger one is twelve years. Twice per orbit the smaller smashes through the accretion disc around the larger, the collision and the brief meal making a double flash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u661f\u96f2\uff0cOJ 287\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7d93\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u904e\u53bb130\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6bcf11-12\u5e74\u5c31\u6703\u7206\u51fa\u52a0\u500d\u7684\u4eae\u5ea6\u3002\u5c0dOJ 287\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u89e3\u8b80\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5169\u500b\u661f\u7cfb\u5408\u4f75\u800c\u6210\u7684\u96d9\u9ed1\u6d1e\u6210\u5c0d\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u5f88\u8fd1\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u5fc3\u6bd4\u8f03\u6697\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u55ae\u4e00\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4eae\u9ede\u3002\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7e5e\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u516c\u8f49\u8ecc\u9053\u4e00\u5708\u662f12\u5e74\u3002\u6bcf\u5708\u5c0f\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u6703\u6709\u5169\u6b21\u649e\u904e\u5927\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u5438\u7a4d\u789f\uff0c\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u885d\u649e\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u52a0\u500d\u4eae\u5ea6\u7684\u9583\u5149\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eventually the two black holes get so close that they merge in a frenzied, but silent, crescendo of gravitational wave energy. After a very long build-up, the final merger is quick, with prodigious amounts of energy, radiated in a brief burst. The burst could be detectable from right across the Universe, given the right gravitational wave detector. Like radio antennas, gravitational wave detectors are of different sizes according to the frequency range at which they operate: small antennas are sensitive to short waves, namely those of high frequency. Terrestrial gravitational wave detectors like LIGO (see page 172) operate at the wrong frequency range to pick up merging supermassive black holes because the detectors are too small (less than the size of the Earth). Detectors in space can be much bigger (as described on pages 265-66, the space-borne gravitational wave detector eLISA is planned to be six times as big as the Earth-Moon distance) and will be able to see these events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u7d42\u90a3\u5169\u500b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u5728\u7121\u8072\u4f46\u9010\u6f38\u589e\u5f37\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u80fd\u91cf\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5287\u70c8\u5408\u4f75\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u5f88\u9577\u6642\u9593\u7684\u71df\u9020\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u5408\u4f75\u5247\u662f\u5feb\u7684\uff0c\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8f3b\u5c04\u7206\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7206\u767c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u7684\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u5075\u6e2c\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u50cf\u7121\u7dda\u96fb\u5929\u7dda\uff0c\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4f9d\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u983b\u7387\u7bc4\u570d\u800c\u5b9a\uff1a\u5c0f\u7684\u5929\u7dda\u80fd\u5075\u6e2c\u7684\u662f\u77ed\u6ce2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\u3002\u5730\u8868\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u5982LIGO\uff0c\u5b83\u9069\u7528\u5728\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7684\u983b\u7387\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u5408\u4f75\u4e2d\u7684\u8d85\u91cd\u529b\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u500b\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u592a\u5c0f(\u5c0f\u65bc\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5927\u5c0f)\u3002\u592a\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5f88\u591a(\u5982265-66\u9801\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u8a08\u5283\u4e2d\u7684\u592a\u7a7a\u91cd\u529b\u5075\u6e2c\u5668eLISA\u662f\u5730\u7403\u5230\u6708\u7403\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u516d\u500d\u3002)\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u661f\u7cfb\u5408\u4f75\u7684\u8d85\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It seems likely that events from merging supermassive black holes will also produce other forms of radiation, like X-rays and radio waves. The gravitational waves themselves scarcely interact with matter, and little of their energy is directly converted via matter into light and radio waves. However, matter accreting onto the black holes is violently disturbed and radiates in a way that is correlated with the gravitational waves. With attention drawn to a merger event by detection of the gravitational waves, together with some information about the direction from which it comes, derived from the orientation of the detector, astronomers may be able to track the event down to the galaxy in which it appears. Of course, if the galaxy is already recognized to contain two black holes it will be easier to do this. For OJ 287, one theory predicts that the ultimate merger will happen in about ten thousand years, so there is no urgency to get ready. eLISA could well detect between ten and one hundred mergers of supermassive black holes per year, out to a distance of 12 billion light years, with in addition 10 per cent of them detected as X-ray and radio sources. These events provide opportunities for wonderful multi-messenger astronomical investigations that the eLISA scientific teams are planning (see Chapter 13).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8d85\u91cd\u529b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u5408\u4f75\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5176\u4ed6\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u5e45\u5c04\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982X\u5149\u548c\u7121\u7dda\u96fb\u6ce2\u3002\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8ddf\u7269\u8cea\u7522\u751f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5f88\u5f88\u5c11\u900f\u904e\u7269\u8cea\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u5149\u6216\u7121\u7dda\u96fb\u6ce2\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u5438\u7a4d\u5230\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u53d7\u5230\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u64fe\u52d5\u800c\u6563\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5e45\u5c04\u5247\u548c\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u900f\u904e\u5075\u6e2c\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5faa\u7dda\u627e\u5230\u5408\u4f75\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u7531\u5075\u6e2c\u5668\u7684\u65b9\u4f4d\u63a8\u5c0e\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u4f86\u6e90\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u767c\u751f\u8a72\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u3002\u5c0dOJ 287,\u9019\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u9810\u6e2c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5408\u4f75\u7d42\u5c07\u65bc\u7d04\u4e00\u842c\u5e74\u5f8c\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6025\u3002eLISA\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ef\u4ee5\u5075\u6e2c10\u5230100\u500b\u8d85\u91cd\u529b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5408\u4f75\uff0c\u6700\u9060\u9054\u5230120\u5104\u5149\u5e74\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u53e6\u591610%\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u662f\u900f\u904eX\u5149\u548c\u7121\u7dda\u96fb\u6ce2\u6e90\u7684\u5075\u6e2c\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u5f88\u68d2\u7684\u591a\u7a2e\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u6587\u8abf\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6b63\u662feLISA\u79d1\u5b78\u5c0f\u7d44\u6240\u8a08\u5283\u70ba\u4e4b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Extra energy is liberated by the collision, by the newly born bright blue stars in the starburst, by the supernovae that they make, by the quasar outbursts and by black hole mergers. It is considerably more than normal starlight. It has a profound long-term effect on the development of the merged<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u661f\u7cfb\u4e92\u649e\u91cb\u51fa\u51fa\u984d\u5916\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u661f\u7206\u65b0\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4eae\u85cd\u8272\u661f\u7403\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7684\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u985e\u661f\u96f2\u7684\u7206\u767c\u548c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u5408\u4f75\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u80fd\u91cf\u6bd4\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u661f\u5149\u9084\u591a\u3002\u5b83\u5c0d\u661f\u7cfb\u5408\u4f75\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u6df1\u9060\u9577\u671f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\uff1aPaul Murdin,\u201dThe Universe, A Biography,\u201d 2022, Thames & Hudson Ttd, London<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.S. \u76f8\u7247\uff1a\u54c8\u67cf\u5929\u6587\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u651d\u7684\u300c\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u4e94\u91cd\u661f\u7cfb Stephan\u2019s Quintet\u300d\uff0c\u9810\u671f\u5728\u5f88\u9059\u9060\u5f88\u9059\u9060\u7684\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e94\u500b\u661f\u7cfb\u6703\u5408\u4f75\u70ba\u4e00\u500b(~\u300cNASA\u767c\u5e03\u300c\u97cb\u4f2f\u592a\u7a7a\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u300d\u58ef\u9e97\u7d55\u7f8e\u5168\u5f69\u5b87\u5b99\u7167\uff01\u8d85\u9707\u64bc\u300c\u5168\u5f69\u661f\u96f2\u3001\u8eca\u8f2a\u661f\u7cfb\u3001\u6728\u661f\u7f8e\u7167\u300d\u514d\u8cbb\u4e0b\u8f09\u300d\uff0cEdit by Candy Chung, and text \/Kai Chao , 2022\/09\/06)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2023\/2\/20 \u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5929\u7136\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u4f86\u7684 Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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