{"id":36679,"date":"2023-09-09T17:34:46","date_gmt":"2023-09-09T09:34:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=36679"},"modified":"2023-09-26T17:36:41","modified_gmt":"2023-09-26T09:36:41","slug":"an-immense-world-all-ears-sound","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=36679","title":{"rendered":"An Immense World- All Ears, Sound"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAn Immense World\u201d\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u9019\u500b\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u8b1b\u7684\u662f\u300c\u8072\u97f3 All Ears, Sound\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u985e\u8033\u6735\u80fd\u807d\u5230\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u662f20\u8d6b\u8332\u523020,000\u8d6b\u8332\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u8d6b\u8332(Hertz\uff0c\u7b26\u865f\uff1aHz)\uff0c\u5e38\u7c21\u7a31\u8d6b\uff0c\u662f\u983b\u7387\u7684\u570b\u969b\u55ae\u4f4d\u5236\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e00\u79d2\u9031\u671f\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6b21\u6578~\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f4e\u65bc20\u8d6b\u8332\u7684\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\uff0c\u5927\u6d77\u88cf\u7684\u9be8\u9b5a\u548c\u5927\u9678\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u8c61\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5584\u7528\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u6ce2\u9577\u8f03\u9577\uff0c\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u6bd4\u8f03\u9060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9ad8\u65bc20,000\u8d6b\u8332\u7684\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\uff0c\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u9f20\u985e\u3001\u98db\u884c\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u3001\u6606\u87f2\uff0c\u807d\u5f97\u5230\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u6ce2\u9577\u8f03\u77ed\uff0c\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u6bd4\u8f03\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u628a\u8072\u97f3\u5982\u6b64\u6b78\u985e\uff0c\u5c07\u4eba\u807d\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u300c\u8d85\u9ad8\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8d85\u4f4e\u300d\u7684\u5b57\u773c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u64ec\u4eba\u8ad6(anthropomorphism)\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u6703\u5f88\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5f9e\u4eba\u7684\u72f9\u9698\u89c0\u9ede\u53bb\u89c0\u770b\u7684\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u7684\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u5f9e\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b(Umwelt)\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u4e0d\u8db3\u70ba\u5947\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9be8\u9b5a\u548c\u5927\u8c61\u8981\u7528\u300c\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u300d\u4f86\u6e9d\u901a\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u5f9e\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u5728\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u5927\u6d77\u548c\u5927\u9678\u4e2d\u6c42\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u7528\u8072\u97f3\u80fd\u50b3\u5f97\u9059\u9060\u7684\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u90a3\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5fc5\u9700\uff0c\u5c31\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c8\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u8702\u9ce5\u5531\u7684\u6b4c\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u9023\u5b83\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u807d\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u539f\u4f86\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6606\u87f2\u662f\u807d\u5f97\u898b\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8702\u9ce5\u9664\u4e86\u8702\u871c\u4e4b\u5916\u4e5f\u5403\u6606\u87f2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f9eUmwelt\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u90a3\u7a2e\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u903c\u51fa\u6606\u87f2\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u770b\u5b8c\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u591c\u6df1\u4eba\u975c\u4e4b\u8655\u6216\u8005\u5fc3\u5e73\u6c23\u548c\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u53ca\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u90a3\u88cf\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u6c38\u9060\u7684\u55a7\u56c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7bc0\u9304\u5e7e\u6bb5\u65bc\u540e\uff0c\u8ddf\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026an elegant experiment,\u2026He presented them with pairs of buzzy sounds. One consisted of repeated chunks in which the pitch rose over a few milliseconds before falling again. In the other, the pitch of the chunks fell over the same range of frequencies, and over the same time period. To a slow ear, both sounds would average out to the same pitch, and seem identical. To a fast ear, they’d be completely different\u2026humans could only distinguish between these sounds if the chunks were longer than 3 to 4 milliseconds. Canaries and budgerigars hit their limit at between 1 and 2 milliseconds. And zebra finches weren’t even slightly duped by the shortest 1-millisecond chunks. This experiment clearly showed that birds can hear complexities that are imperceptibly fast to humans.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u5f97\u5f88\u68d2\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u5c0d\u7684\u5169\u500b\u97ff\u8072\uff0c\u5728\u5e7e\u5343\u4e4b\u5206\u4e00\u79d2\u5167\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u97ff\u8072\u983b\u7387\u9010\u6f38\u4e0a\u5347\u7136\u5f8c\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u97ff\u8072\u7684\u97f3\u983b\u5247\u9010\u6f38\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6bd4\u8f03\u920d\u7684\u8033\u6735\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u97ff\u8072\u807d\u8d77\u5c07\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u97ff\u8072\u3002\u6bd4\u8f03\u92b3\u5229\u7684\u8033\u6735\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u807d\u51fa\u4f86\u90a3\u662f\u5169\u500b\u97ff\u8072\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u985e\u8981\u80fd\u5206\u51fa\u90a3\u662f\u5169\u500b\u97ff\u8072\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u97ff\u8072\u662f\u9577\u65bc\u5343\u5206\u4e4b3\u52304\u79d2\u3002\u91d1\u7d72\u96c0\u53ca\u864e\u76ae\u9e1a\u9d61\u5247\u807d\u5f97\u51fa\u5343\u4e4b\u52062\u79d2\u7684\u97ff\u8072\u3002\u6591\u80f8\u8349\u96c0\u5247\u8f15\u8f15\u9b06\u9b06\u80fd\u807d\u5f97\u51fa\u5343\u4e4b1\u79d2\u7684\u97ff\u8072\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u9ce5\u985e\u80fd\u807d\u5230\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u96e3\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026At the time, people thought that hearing was mostly static. It might get duller with age in some species humans, sadly, among them- but it wasn’t thought to change over shorter timescales. But as we’ve repeatedly seen, an animal’s senses are finely tuned to its environment and have evolved to extract whatever information is relevant. When the environment fluctuates from one season to the next, the information that’s relevant also changes. For a North American bird, spring often means sex. The air fills with courtship calls that are absent in other times of year and must now be carefully judged. Fall brings openness: Bare branches make little birds more visible to predators. The ability to localize the sound of approaching danger, which is inextricably linked to fast hearing, becomes paramount. An animal’s Umwelt cannot be static, because an animal’s world isn’t static.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u807d\u529b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6642\u9593\u662f\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u53d7\u5230\u8001\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u6a23\u90fd\u4e0d\u89ba\u5f97\u5728\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5167\u6703\u6709\u6240\u8b8a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u5f9e\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u53cd\u8986\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u662f\u5f88\u654f\u611f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u5011\u4e5f\u4f9d\u7167\u5f9e\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u53ef\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e0d\u65b7\u6f14\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u74b0\u5883\u96a8\u8457\u5b63\u7bc0\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u6240\u900f\u9732\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u8a0a\u606f\u4e5f\u8ddf\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u6625\u5929\u4ee3\u8868\u7e41\u6b96\u3002\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5145\u6eff\u6c42\u611b\u7684\u53ec\u559a\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5b63\u7bc0\u6c92\u6709\uff0c\u9ce5\u985e\u5fc5\u9808\u7279\u5225\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u79cb\u5929\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u7a7a\u66e0\u611f\uff1a\u6a39\u8449\u6389\u843d\u4e86\u9732\u51fa\u679d\u689d\u4f7f\u5f97\u5c0f\u9ce5\u66dd\u9732\u5728\u63a0\u98df\u8005\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8fa8\u8b58\u8feb\u8fd1\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd\u662f\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u807d\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u52d5\u7269\u6240\u9762\u5c0d\u4e26\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u4e16\u754c(Umwelt)\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u52d5\u7269\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026To listen for Soviet submarines, the U.S. Navy installed chains of underwater listening posts in the Pacific and Atlantic. This network, known as the Sound Surveillance System, or SOSUS, picked up a deluge of oceanic noises. Some were clearly biological. Others were more mysterious. One especially enigmatic sound was monotonous, repetitive, and low, with a frequency of 20 Hz an octave below the lowest key on a standard piano. This hum was so loud that people doubted it could be coming from an animal\u2026The actual source only became clear when Navy scientists started following the sounds to their sources, and often found a fin whale at the end\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u5075\u6e2c\u8607\u806f\u7684\u6f5b\u8247\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u6d77\u8ecd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u53eb\u505aSOSUS\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u807d\u6d77\u5e95\u50b3\u4f86\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u660e\u986f\u662f\u751f\u7269\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u5247\u986f\u5f97\u9817\u70ba\u795e\u79d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u5225\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u662f\u55ae\u8abf\u3001\u91cd\u8986\u300120\u8d6b\u8332\u7684\u4f4e\u983b\uff0c\u6bd4\u92fc\u7434\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u97f3\u9084\u8981\u4f4e\u516b\u5ea6\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u55e1\u55e1\u8072\u5f88\u5927\u8072\uff0c\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u662f\u52d5\u7269\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u2026\u2026\u7576\u6d77\u8ecd\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u500b\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u8072\u6e90\u7e3d\u6703\u540c\u6642\u767c\u73fe\u9577\u9b1a\u9be8\uff0c\u624d\u6162\u6162\u4e86\u89e3\u539f\u4f86\u90a3\u4e9b\u8072\u97f3\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHuman hearing typically bottoms out at around 20 Hz. Below those frequencies, sounds are known as infrasound, and they\u2018re mostly inaudible to us unless they’re very loud. Infrasounds can travel over incredibly long distances, especially in water. Knowing that fin whales also produce infrasound,\u2026, that their calls could conceivably travel for 13,000 miles\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u985e\u807d\u529b\u7684\u4e0b\u9650\u5728\u983b\u738720\u8d6b\u8332\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4f4e\u65bc20\u8d6b\u8332\u53eb\u505a\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5f88\u5927\u8072\u4e0d\u7136\u6211\u5011\u662f\u807d\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u50b3\u5f97\u5f88\u9060\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u6c34\u9019\u7a2e\u4ecb\u8cea\u88cf\u3002\u4ee5\u9577\u9b1a\u9be8\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u8072\u97f3\u63a8\u7b97\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u50b3\u905e\u81f313,000\u82f1\u54e9\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026If you wanted to design a signal that could be used to communicate across oceans, you’d come up with something similar to a blue whale’s song.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those songs might have other uses, too. Their notes can last for several seconds, with wavelengths as long as a football field\u2026.That is, he could map distant underwater landscapes, from submerged mountains to the seafloor itself, by processing the echoes returning from the far-reaching infrasounds. Geophysicists can certainly use fin whale songs to map the density of the ocean crust\u2026.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d8a\u6d0b\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u90a3\u80fd\u60f3\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u50cf\u9577\u9b1a\u9be8\u5531\u51fa\u7684\u6b4c\u8072\u90a3\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9577\u9b1a\u9be8\u7684\u6b4c\u8072\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u9014\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u97f3\u9577\u9054\u6578\u79d2\uff0c\u6ce2\u9577\u50cf\u8db3\u7403\u5834\u822c\u5927\u5c0f(\u6309\uff1a\u7d0475\u516c\u5c3a)\u2026\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u50b3\u5f97\u5f88\u9060\u7684\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u8072\u97f3\u56de\u97f3\uff0c\u4f86\u91cf\u6e2c\u6d77\u5e95\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u5f9e\u6d77\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5c71\u5230\u6d77\u5e8a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5730\u7403\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u7528\u9577\u9b1a\u9be8\u7684\u6b4c\u8072\uff0c\u7e6a\u51fa\u6d77\u5e8a\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKrill aren’t evenly distributed across the oceans, so to sustain their large bodies, blue whales must migrate over long distances. The same giant proportions that force them to undergo these long journeys also equip them with the means to do so- the ability to make and hear sounds that are lower, louder, and more far-reaching than those of other animals.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u78f7\u8766\u5728\u5927\u6d77\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u4e26\u4e0d\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u8981\u5403\u98fd\uff0c\u85cd\u9be8\u5fc5\u9808\u6e38\u5f97\u5f88\u9060\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u914d\u5099\u5b83\u5011(\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u7684)\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u807d\u5230\u66f4\u4f4e\u983b\uff0c\u66f4\u97ff\u4eae\u3001\u50b3\u5f97\u66f4\u9060\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026had been studying African elephants in Kenya’s Amboseli National Park. They’d noticed that elephant families would often move in the same directions for weeks at a time, even though they were separated by several miles. In the early evenings, different groups would also converge on the same waterholes at the same time, but from different directions. Infrasound carries over long distances, even in air, and if elephants use it to communicate, that would explain how they can synchronize their movements across a savannah\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7814\u7a76\u975e\u6d32\u80af\u4e9e\u7684\u5927\u8c61\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5927\u8c61\u6574\u500b\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5b83\u5011\u4e4b\u9593\u9694\u6578\u82f1\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5e7e\u661f\u671f\u5167\u90fd\u6703\u7dad\u6301\u671d\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u9032\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u508d\u665a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8c61\u7fa4\uff0c\u5f9e\u56db\u9762\u516b\u65b9\uff0c\u805a\u650f\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6c34\u6c60\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u900f\u904e\u7a7a\u6c23\u50b3\u905e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u50b3\u905e\u5f97\u5f88\u9060\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5927\u8c61\u7528\u8d85\u4f4e\u983b\u4f86\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u5728\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u6c99\u6f20\u90a3\u9ebc\u5927\u7684\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u5927\u8c61\u5011\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u540c\u6b65\u884c\u52d5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026The low-frequency parts of the rumbles tange between 14 and 35 Hz- about the same as a large whale’s. Those calls don’t carry as far in the air as underwater, and atmospheric conditions dictate how far they can travel: The colder, clearer, and calmer the air, the greater the range. In the heat of midday, an elephant’s auditory world shrinks. A few hours after sunset, it expands tenfold, theoretically allowing elephants to hear each other over several miles\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u8c61\u4f4e\u983b\u7684\u9686\u9686\u8072\uff0c\u4ecb\u65bc14\u523035\u8d6b\u8332\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u548c\u5927\u9be8\u9b5a\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u4e9b\u8072\u97f3\u5728\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\u50b3\u905e\u4e0d\u53ca\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u5929\u5019\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a\u5929\u6c23\u8f03\u51b7\u3001\u8f03\u6674\u6717\u3001\u6c23\u6d41\u8f03\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u8072\u97f3\u50b3\u5f97\u8f03\u9060\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6c23\u6eab\u9ad8\u7684\u65e5\u6b63\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u8c61\u80fd\u807d\u5230\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u6703\u7e2e\u5c0f\u3002\u800c\u5728\u65e5\u843d\u5e7e\u5c0f\u6642\u5f8c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5927\u8c61\u80fd\u807d\u5230\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u6703\u589e\u592710\u500d\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u5927\u8c61\u7e31\u4f7f\u76f8\u8ddd\u4e0a\u5e7e\u82f1\u6d6c\uff0c\u90fd\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u807d\u5230\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026scientists realized that mice, rats, and many other rodents do indeed make a wide repertoire of “ultrasonic” calls, with frequencies too high to be audible to humans. They make these sounds when playing or mating, when stressed or cold, when aggressive or submissive. Pups that are separated from their nests make ultrasonic “isolation calls” that summon their mothers. Rats that are tickled by humans make ultrasonic chirps that have been compared to laughter. Richardson’s ground squirrels produce ultrasonic alarm calls when they detect a predator (or a tan fedora repeatedly thrown by a scientist to mimic a predator). Male mice that sniff female hormones produce ultrasonic songs that are remarkably similar to those of birds, complete with distinctive syllables and phrases. Females attracted to these serenades join their chosen partners in an ultrasonic duet. Rodents are among the most common and intensively studied mammals in the world and have been fixtures of laboratories since the seventeenth century. All that time, they’ve been spiritedly talking to each other without any human realizing, exchanging messages that slipped beneath the senses of the oblivious researchers and technicians milling around them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u767c\u73fe\u5c0f\u8001\u9f20\u3001\u5927\u8001\u9f20\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u7a2e\u9f20\u985e\u6703\u767c\u51fa\u5404\u7a2e\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u983b\u7387\u9ad8\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8033\u6735\u90fd\u807d\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u73a9\u800d\u7684\u6642\u5019\u3001\u9762\u5c0d\u58d3\u529b\u6216\u5bd2\u51b7\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u4fb5\u7565\u6027\u6216\u8868\u9054\u9806\u5f9e\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u767c\u51fa\u9019\u7a2e\u8072\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0f\u5e7c\u9f20\u5f9e\u5de2\u7a74\u88ab\u79fb\u958b\u6642\u6703\u767c\u51fa\u300c\u9694\u96e2\u53eb\u8072\u300d\u4f86\u53ec\u559a\u6bcd\u9f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u9f20\u88ab\u4eba\u6414\u7662\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u8072\u97f3\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7b11\u8072\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5730\u677e\u9f20\u767c\u73fe\u63a0\u98df\u8005\u4e5f\u6703\u767c\u51fa\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\u53eb\u8072\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u516c\u7684\u5c0f\u9f20\u805e\u5230\u6bcd\u9f20\u7684\u8cc0\u723e\u8499\u6642\u7684\u53eb\u8072\u597d\u50cf\u9ce5\u53eb\uff0c\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u97f3\u7bc0\u548c\u6bb5\u843d\u3002\u88ab\u90a3\u4e9b\u97f3\u8abf\u5438\u5f15\u7684\u96cc\u9f20\u6703\u9760\u8fd1\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u96c4\u9f20\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u767c\u51fa\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u8072\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9f20\u985e\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u6700\u900f\u5fb9\u7684\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5f9e\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u9f20\u985e\u7528\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u8208\u596e\u5730\u4e92\u76f8\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5b83\u5011\u65c1\u908a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u537b\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHigh-frequency sounds may be easier to locate, but they have an important limitation. They lose energy quickly, and can be easily scattered and reflected by obstacles like leaves, grasses, and branches. This means that ultrasonic calls can only spread over short ranges\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u6216\u8a31\u5bb9\u6613\u807d\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9ad8\u983b\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6703\u8fc5\u901f\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5bb9\u6613\u6563\u5c04\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u969c\u7919\u7269(\u6a39\u8449\u3001\u8349\u3001\u6a39\u679d)\u53cd\u5c04\u3002\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u8072\u97f3\u64f4\u6563\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA limited range might be beneficial, however, if animals want to limit their audience. The isolation call of a helpless mouse pup can alert a nearby parent without also alerting more distant predators. In this way, ultrasound really can provide a secret communication channel, not because it lies in an inaccessible frequency range but because it doesn’t travel very far\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u64f4\u6563\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u807d\u773e\u807d\u5f97\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u96bb\u7121\u52a9\u5e7c\u9f20\u7684\u300c\u9694\u96e2\u547c\u559a\u300d\u53ea\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u9130\u8fd1\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6703\u9a5a\u52d5\u5230\u9060\u8655\u7684\u63a0\u98df\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4f4d\u65bc\u7121\u6cd5\u5f97\u77e5\u7684\u983b\u7387\u6ce2\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7121\u6cd5\u50b3\u5f97\u9060\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHummingbirds are even more mysterious\u2026.many observers have noticed hummingbirds opening their beaks and fluttering their chests without seeming to sing. The blue-throated hummingbird of North America sings an elaborate song that we can partly hear, but that also extends up to 30 kHz- -well into the ultrasonic range. That was surprising since, \u2026, it can’t hear above 7 kHz. It can still perceive the lower registers of its song, but much of what it sings is inaudible to its own ears\u2026Several other hummingbirds, \u2026\u2026\uff0cmake calls beyond the hearing of most birds, and the part of these songs that people can perceive sounds like crickets. The Ecuadorian hillstar goes even further, singing entire phrases in an ultrasonic register. Birds tend to have similar hearing ranges that top out before 10kHz. So either these hummingbirds have very unusual ears or they can’t actually hear what they’re saying. And if the latter is true, then why are their songs so high-pitched? Calls demand listeners. If the hummingbirds’ tunes lie beyond their own Umwelten, who’s the audience?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maybe it’s insects? Even though most insects can’t hear at all, many of those with ears can hear ultrasonic frequencies. More than half of the 160,000 species of moths and butterflies are so equipped. The greater wax moth can even hear frequencies near 300 kHz the highest limit of any animal by some margin. Hummingbirds eat insects as well as nectar, so perhaps they produce ultrasonic calls that they can’t hear to flush out the insects that can.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8702\u9ce5\u66f4\u795e\u79d8\u2026\u2026\u8a31\u591a\u89c0\u5bdf\u5bb6\u767c\u73fe\u8702\u9ce5\u6703\u5f35\u958b\u5599\u5634\u9f13\u52d5\u80f8\u8154\u4f46\u662f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5531\u6b4c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5317\u7f8e\u85cd\u9838\u8702\u9ce5\u8a8d\u771f\u5531\u7684\u6b4c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u807d\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u97f3\u983b\u9ad8\u81f33\u842c\u8d6b\u8332\uff0c\u662f\u5230\u4e86\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8702\u9ce5\u807d\u4e0d\u52307\u5343\u8d6b\u8332\u4e0a\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u4f4e\u65bc\u90a3\u500b\u983b\u7387\u7684\u5b83\u807d\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5531\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u807d\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9084\u6709\u4e9b\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u8702\u9ce5\u7684\u6b4c\u8072\uff0c\u9023\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u9ce5\u90fd\u807d\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u807d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5247\u662f\u50cf\u87cb\u87c0\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u7d2b\u91d1\u5c71\u8702\u9ce5\u66f4\u7d55\u4e86\uff0c\u90fd\u5531\u5728\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\u5340\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u822c\u9ce5\u985e\u53ef\u4ee5\u807d\u5230\u9ad8\u81f31\u842c\u8d6b\u8332\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u4e9b\u8702\u9ce5\uff0c\u8981\u561b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8033\u6736\u771f\u7684\u90a3\u9ebc\u597d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u5531\u7684\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u5176\u5be6\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u807d\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u807d\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u9ebc\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\u6b4c\u8072\u662f\u5531\u7d66\u8ab0\u807d\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u7e3d\u662f\u8981\u6709\u807d\u773e\u561b\uff01\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u8702\u9ce5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b(Umwelt)\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u751f\u614b\u68f2\u4f4d\u88cf\u8ab0\u6703\u662f\u807d\u773e\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u6606\u87f2\u5427\uff01\u96d6\u7136\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6606\u87f2\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u807d\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u662f\u807d\u5f97\u5230\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u7684\u3002\u7e3d\u517116,000\u7a2e\u7684\u86fe\u548c\u8774\u8776\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5927\u881f\u86fe\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u5920\u807d\u5230\u983b\u7387\u70ba30\u842c\u8d6b\u8332\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u9019\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u52d5\u7269\u80fd\u807d\u5230\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u983b\u7387\u90fd\u9084\u8981\u9ad8\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8702\u9ce5\u5403\u6606\u87f2\u4e5f\u5403\u82b1\u871c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u5b83\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u807d\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u8d85\u9ad8\u983b\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u903c\u51fa\u807d\u5f97\u898b\u90a3\u4e9b\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u6606\u87f2\u7684\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\uff1aED Yong, \u201cAn Immense World,\u201d 2022, Random House\/New York<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2023\/9\/9 All Ears, Sound Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cAn Immense World\u201d\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u9019\u500b\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u8b1b\u7684\u662f\u300c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36679"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36679\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36681,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36679\/revisions\/36681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36679"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}