{"id":36670,"date":"2023-09-05T16:25:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-05T08:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=36670"},"modified":"2023-09-26T17:28:36","modified_gmt":"2023-09-26T09:28:36","slug":"an-immense-world-heat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=36670","title":{"rendered":"An Immense World – Heat"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAn Immense World\u201d \u9019\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u5c08\u7ae0\u8b1b\u5230\u300cHeat\u300d\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5c0d\u71b1\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5148\u8aaa\u8aaa\u71b1\u6b7b\u4eba\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u592a\u9ad8\u7576\u7136\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u76f8\u5c0d\u6ebc\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u5c07\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u66f4\u96e3\u6392\u6c57\uff0c\u9ad4\u611f\u6eab\u5ea6\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u9ad8\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7d55\u5c0d\u662f\u96ea\u4e0a\u52a0\u971c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u6ebc\u5ea660%\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6c23\u6eab31\u00b0C\u7684\u9ad4\u611f\u6eab\u5ea6\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u5230\u9054\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u768435\u00b0C\u4e86\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u5c0d\u6ebc\u5ea675%\uff0c\u5247\u6c23\u6eab30\u00b0C\u7684\u9ad4\u611f\u6eab\u5ea6\u6703\u523036\u00b0C\uff1b\u800c\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u5c0d\u6ebc\u5ea690%\uff0c\u5247\u6c23\u6eab29\u00b0C\u7684\u9ad4\u611f\u6eab\u5ea6\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u9ad8\u905437\u00b0C\u4e86\u3002(\u8cc7\u6599\u53c3\u8003careonline\u7db2\u7ad9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rule of thumb\uff1a\u6ebc\u5ea6\u5f9e60%\u589e\u52a0\u523090%\uff0c\u9ad4\u611f\u6eab\u5ea6\u6703\u6bd4\u6c23\u6eab\u9ad8\u4e0a4\u00b0C\uff5e8\u00b0C\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u76f8\u5c0d\u6ebc\u5ea6\u4e00\u822c\u6bd4\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6c23\u6eab\u6607\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u300c\u71b1\u6b7b\u300d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6703\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u8b39\u614e\u9810\u9632\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u9069\u5408\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u985e\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8861\u6eab\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u96a8\u6642\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad4\u6eab\uff0c\u6c23\u6eab\u592a\u9ad8\u6216\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad4\u6eab\ud85d\uddfe\u5b9a\u7684\u96e3\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u722c\u87f2\u985e\u53ca\u9b5a\u985e\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u8b8a\u6eab\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u9ad4\u6eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u96a8\u8457\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u5fcd\u53d7\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f03\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8010\u53d7\u7bc4\u570d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8861\u6eab\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u6d3b\u52d5\u529b\u8f03\u5f37\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f3a\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u9ad4\u6eab\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u5b83\u5011\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u70ba\u63a0\u98df\u8005\u6216\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u52d5\u7269\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5075\u6e2c\u7375\u7269\u9ad4\u6eab\u4f86\u5c0b\u627e\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u5438\u8840\u8759\u8760\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u86c7\u985e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u50cf\u87ef\u87f2\u3001\u920e\u87f2\u9019\u7a2e\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5075\u6e2c\u9ad4\u6eab\u4f86\u627e\u5230\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5075\u6e2c\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5075\u6e2c\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u8017\u8cbb\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u3002\u4ff1\u5099\u9019\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5927\u6295\u8cc7\u5927\u6536\u7a6b\u5594\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6458\u9304\u4e00\u4e9b, \u201cAn Immense World\u201c \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u201dHeat\u201d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8ddf\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAll living things are deeply affected by temperature. If conditions are too cold, chemical reactions slow to a useless crawl. If they are too hot, proteins and other molecules of life lose their shape and fall apart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These effects constrain most of life to a Goldilocks zone where the temperature is just right. The limits of that zone vary, but they always exist, which is why every animal with a nervous system has a way of sensing and responding to temperature.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u751f\u7269\u6df1\u53d7\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u6eab\u5ea6\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u61c9\u592a\u6162\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5c07\u96e3\u4ee5\u884c\u52d5\uff1b\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6eab\u5ea6\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5b50\u5c07\u8b8a\u578b\u89e3\u96e2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u9069\u5408\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u5075\u6e2c\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e26\u53ca\u6642\u4f5c\u51fa\u56de\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnimals use a variety of temperature sensors, and the most thoroughly studied of these are a group of proteins called TRP channels. They are found throughout the body on the surface of sensory neurons, where they act as tiny gates that open when they reach the right temperature. When this happens, ions enter the neurons, electrical signals travel to the brain, and we feel the sensations of hot or cold. Some TRP channels are tuned to hot temperatures, and others to cold ones. (Cold isn’t just the absence of hot; it’s a different sense in its own right.)\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u751f\u7269\u5075\u6e2c\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u53eb\u505aTRP\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u6700\u70ba\u900f\u5fb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TRP\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u5e38\u898b\u65bc\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u8868\u611f\u89ba\u795e\u7d93\u672b\u7aef\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u958b\u95dc\uff0c\u7576\u9054\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u6eab\u5ea6\u6642\uff0c\u96e2\u5b50\u9032\u5165\u795e\u7d93\u5143\uff0c\u8a0a\u865f\u50b3\u81f3\u5927\u8166\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u51b7\u71b1\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u4e9bTRP\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u662f\u8ca0\u8cac\u5075\u6e2c\u71b1\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5247\u662f\u5c0d\u51b7\u6703\u7522\u751f\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026Warm-blood animals produce their own heat, and their versions of cold sensor TRPM8 alert them if their body temperature start dipping below a narrow comfortable range. In a rat, \u2026at around 24\u00b0C(75\u00b0F). In a chicken\u202629\u00b0C(84\u00b0F)\u2026Cold-blooded animals, by contract, rely on their environment for warm, and their body temperatures fluctuate over a wide range. Consequently, their versions of TRPM8 are typically set much lower\u2014\u2014at 14\u00b0C(57\u00b0F) in frogs\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8861\u6eab\u52d5\u7269\u5728\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u964d\u81f3\u67d0\u7279\u5b9a\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5075\u6e2c\u4f4e\u6eab\u7684TRPM8\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\u3002\u5c0d\u8001\u9f20\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6eab\u5ea6\u662f24\u00b0C(75\u00b0F)\uff1b\u5c0d\u9dc4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5247\u662f29\u00b0C(84\u00b0F)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51b7\u8840\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u9ad4\u6eab\uff0c\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u800c\u6ce2\u52d5\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u4f4e\u6eab\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f03\u4f4e\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u9752\u86d9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f4e\u523014\u00b0C(57\u00b0F)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe TRPV1 sensor, which detects painful heat,\u2026It activates at 45\u00b0C(113\u00b0F) in chickens, 42\u00b0C(108\u00b0F) for mice and humans, 38\u00b0C(100\u00b0F) in frogs, and 33\u00b0C(91\u00b0F) in zebrafish\u2026the squirrels\u202655\u00b0C(131\u00b0F)\u2026The Saharan silver ant\u202653\u00b0C(127\u00b0F)\u2026Snow flies\u2026-6\u00b0C(21\u00b0F)\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TRPV1\u86cb\u767d\u5247\u662f\u5075\u6e2c\u9ad8\u6eab\u7528\u7684\u3002\u9dc4\u5728\u9ad8\u65bc45\u00b0C(113\u00b0F) \u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u7684TRPV1\u86cb\u767d\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u8001\u9f20\u548c\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u572842\u00b0C(108\u00b0F)\uff1b\u9752\u86d9\u662f\u572838\u00b0C(100\u00b0F)\uff1b\u6591\u99ac\u9b5a\u662f\u572833\u00b0C(91\u00b0F)\uff1b\u677e\u9f20\u53ef\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u523055\u00b0C(131\u00b0F)\uff1b\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u9280\u87fb\u662f53\u00b0C(127\u00b0F)\uff1b\u96ea\u8805\u5247\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u8010\u9ad8\u6eab\u7684-6\u00b0C(21\u00b0F)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026flies could easily stay within air spaces that are kept to 25\u00b0C(77\u00b0F), which they love, while avoiding neighboring zones of 30\u00b0C(86\u00b0F), which they dislike, or 40\u00b0C(104\u00b0F), which kills them\u2026The fly\u2019s ability is called thermotaxi, and it\u2019s common in the animal kingdom\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u84bc\u8805\u6700\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u662f25\u00b0C(77\u00b0F)\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u907f\u958b\u8d85\u904e30\u00b0C(86\u00b0F)\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u6eab\u5ea6\u9ad8\u905440\u00b0C(104\u00b0F)\uff0c\u90a3\u6703\u8981\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u547d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6eab\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u8abf\u9069\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u52d5\u7269\u754c\u662f\u5f88\u666e\u904d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMoths are famously drawn to flames, but it\u2019s the light that attracts them\u2026Below their wings and just behind their middle legs, these insects have a pair of pits..each is filled with fluid and encloses the tip of a pressure-sensitive neuron. When infrared radiation hit the spheres, the fluid inside them heats up and expands. It can\u2019t bulge outward because the spheres have hard exteriors, so instead it squeezes the nerves, causing them to fire\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\u98db\u86fe\u64b2\u706b\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u5149\u548c\u71b1\u7684\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u706b\u2026\u2026\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6606\u87f2\u7fc5\u8180\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f4d\u65bc\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5c0d\u8173\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5c0d\u5b54\u6d1e\uff0c\u88cf\u9762\u654f\u611f\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u4e0a\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u6db2\u9ad4\uff0c\u7576\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u7167\u5c04\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b54\u6d1e\u88cf\u7684\u6db2\u9ad4\u52a0\u71b1\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7522\u751f\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u767c\u51fa\u4e86\u71b1\u6e90\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNematodes are one of the most diverse and numerous groups of animals, including tens of thousands of species that are mostly harmless to human\u2026The exceptions includes species\u2026\u2014Strongyloides stercoralis, the threadworm. Its larvae abound in soil and water that are contaminated by feces. If an unlucky person stands or walks through such places, the worms swim toward them and penetrate their skin. Threadworms, along with hookworms and other skin penetrating nematodes, infect around 800 million people around the world, from Vietnam to Alabama. They case gastrointestinal problems, stunted development, and sometimes death\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7dda\u87f2\u52d5\u7269\u9580\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u842c\u5c0d\u4eba\u7121\u5bb3\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u4f46\u87ef\u87f2\u662f\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5e7c\u87f2\u6703\u5728\u88ab\u7cde\u4fbf\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u6c34\u6216\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u4e0d\u5e78\u6070\u5de7\u8d64\u8173\u7ad9\u5728\u90a3\u4e0a\u9762\u6216\u8d70\u7d93\u904e\u90a3\u5152\uff0c\u5e7c\u87f2\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u7a7f\u904e\u4ed6\u7684\u76ae\u819a\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u87ef\u87f2\u3001\u86bc\u87f2\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6703\u7a7f\u904e\u76ae\u819a\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u7dda\u87f2\u52d5\u7269\u9580\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u6578\u8d85\u904e8\u5104\u4eba\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u8178\u80c3\u9053\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u767c\u80b2\u4e0d\u826f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5bbf\u4e3b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe ancestors of birds and mammals independently evolved the ability to produce and control their own body heat,\u2026The ability, known technically as endothermy and colloquially as warm-bloodedness,\u2026Their unwavering body heat made them perpetually blaring beacons, which parasites could use to find hosts, and especially blood vessels\u2026Blood\u2026It\u2019s no surprise that at least 14,000 animal species have evolved to feed on it\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9ce5\u985e\u548c\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u5404\u81ea\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u4fdd\u6301\u8eab\u9ad4\u8861\u6eab\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u9ad4\u6eab\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u7528\u4f86\u5c0b\u627e\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7684\u7dda\u7d22\u3002\u6eab\u71b1\u8840\u7ba1\u4e2d\u71df\u990a\u7684\u8840\u6db2\uff0c\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u6700\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u670914,000\u7a2e\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u662f\u9760\u5438\u98df\u5b83\u904e\u6d3b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAmong mammals, only three species of vampire bats feed exclusively on blood\u2026The vampire\u2019s heat sensors lie in its nose\u2026Among infrared-sensing animals, vampire bats have a unique problem because they are themselves warm-blooded. The neurons in their pits ought to be bamboozled by their own body heat, but a dense network of tissue insulates them and keeps them 9\u00b0C(16\u00b0F) cooler than the rest of the bat\u2019s face.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u5438\u8840\u8759\u8760\u53ea\u4ee5\u9bae\u8840\u70ba\u751f\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u5075\u6e2c\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u5728\u9f3b\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u77e5\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u5438\u8840\u8759\u8760\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5225\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u8861\u6eab\u52d5\u7269\u3002\u9f3b\u5b50\u7684\u5b54\u6d1e\u4e2d\u7684\u611f\u71b1\u795e\u7d93\uff0c\u6703\u88ab\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u9ad4\u6eab\u6240\u906e\u853d\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u56e0\u6b64\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u9694\u71b1\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9f3b\u5b50\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c\u786c\u662f\u6bd4\u5b83\u81c9\u90e8\u7684\u9ad4\u6eab\u4f4e\u4e0a9\u00b0C(16\u00b0F)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTicks also suck blood, but their heat sensors are found on the tips of their first pair of legs\u2026ticks can detect body heat from up to 13 feet away\u2026common repellent like DEET and citronella don\u2019t disrupt tick\u2019s sense of smell but do stop them from tracking heat\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8731\u87f2\u4e5f\u662f\u5438\u8840\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5075\u6e2c\u71b1\u6e90\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u5668\u5b98\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c0d\u8173\u7684\u672b\u7aef\u3002\u8731\u87f2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5075\u6e2c\u523013\u82f1\u544e\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u9ad4\u6eab\uff0c\u9632\u4e0d\u52dd\u9632\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u9a45\u87f2\u5291\u548c\u9999\u8305\u6cb9\u56fa\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u963b\u537b\u5b83\u7684\u55c5\u89ba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u537b\u5b83\u5c0d\u71b1\u6e90\u7684\u5075\u6e2c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHeat-sensitive pits have evolved independently among three groups of snakes. Two of these, pythons and boas, are non-venomous constrictors that kill with suffocating coils. The third are the highly venomous and aptly named pit vipers \u2014\u2014cottonmouths, copperheads, moccasins, and rattlesnakes\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u86c7\u8eab\u4e0a\u5075\u6e2c\u71b1\u6e90\u7684\u5b54\u6d1e\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u86c7\u985e\u9593\u5404\u81ea\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff0c\u87d2\u86c7\u548c\u86ba\u86c7\uff0c\u662f\u7121\u6bd2\u817a\u7684\u5927\u86c7\uff0c\u4ee5\u7e92\u7da3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u52d2\u6b7b\u7375\u7269\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\u662f\u6709\u5287\u6bd2\u7684\u86c7\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u68c9\u53e3\u876e\u3001\u9285\u982d\u86c7\u3001\u767e\u6b65\u86c7\u3001\u97ff\u5c3e\u86c7\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhatever advantage the pits provide, it must be significant. The nerves in their membranes are loaded with tiny batteries called mitochondria, far more than exist in typical sense organs. This suggests that the infrared sense demands a lot of energy, so it must provide benefits that are worthy of that cost.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u86c7)\u611f\u71b1\u5b54\u6d1e\u7684\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u819c\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u8ca0\u8f09\u8457\u7522\u751f\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u7c92\u817a\u9ad4\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5668\u5b98\u4e2d\u7684\u9084\u8981\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u9019\u8868\u793a\u5075\u6e2c\u7d05\u5916\u7dda\u9700\u8981\u8017\u8cbb\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u5927\u65bc\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6210\u672c\u624d\u5c0d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen thinking about another Umwelt, distance always matters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under the right conditions, smell and vision operate over vast scales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Infrared senses work over shorter distances,\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u7ad9\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u8ddd\u96e2\u6c38\u9060\u662f\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u5728\u5408\u9069\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u55c5\u89ba\u548c\u8996\u89ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u64f4\u53ca\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u800c\u91dd\u5c0d\u7d05\u5916\u7dda(\u71b1\u6e90)\uff0c\u5247\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u77ed\u8ddd\u4e0a\u624d\u6709\u6548\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\uff1aED Yong, \u201cAn Immense World,\u201d 2022, Random House\/New York<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2023\/9\/5 Heat Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cAn Immense World\u201d \u9019\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u5c08\u7ae0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36670"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36672,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36670\/revisions\/36672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}