{"id":36665,"date":"2023-08-31T17:17:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-31T09:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=36665"},"modified":"2023-09-26T17:18:55","modified_gmt":"2023-09-26T09:18:55","slug":"an-immense-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=36665","title":{"rendered":"An Immense World"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAn Immense World\u201d \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u5728\u89c0\u5bdf\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u751f\u614b\u68f2\u4f4d\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8981\u5f9e\u751f\u7269\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u770b\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u60f3\u50cf\u6210\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u773c\u775b\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u770b\u5f97\u898b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4f86\u4e86\u89e3\u52d5\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u300c\u770b\u300d\u5f97\u898b\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u76f2\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6dfa\u986f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u7e3d\u4ee5\u70ba\uff0c\u82b1\u8981\u958b\u5f97\u9bae\u8277\uff0c\u5473\u9053\u8981\u9999\u6216\u6709\u7279\u5225\u7684\u5473\u9053\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u82b1\u7c89\u871c\u8981\u5920\u751c\u6216\u71df\u990a\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u624d\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6388\u7c89\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u82b1\u662f\u6703\u6709\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u985e\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u871c\u8702\u7b49\u6606\u87f2\uff0c\u90a3\u53ef\u662f\u50cf\u9ede\u4e86\u4e00\u628a\u718a\u718a\u7684\u617e\u706b\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6458\u9304\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f8\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u8ddf\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u51fa\u9580\u770b\u5230\u9ce5\u985e\u3001\u722c\u87f2\u985e\u3001\u6606\u87f2\u3001\u6de1\u6c34\u9b5a\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8981\u8085\u7136\u8d77\u656c\u4e86\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u6709\u56db\u8272\u8996\u89ba\uff0c\u786c\u662f\u6bd4\u6211\u5011\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u984f\u8272\u7684\u7dad\u5ea6\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8d85\u51fa\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0\u8b19\u5351\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014-<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere is a wonderful word for this sensory bubble Umwelt. It was defined and popularized by the Baltic-German zoologist Jakob von Uexk\u00fcll in 1909. Umwelt comes from the German word for “environment,” but Uexk\u00fcll didn’t use it simply to refer to an animal’s surroundings. Instead, an Umwelt is specifically the part of those surroundings that an animal can sense and experience its perceptual world. Like the occupants of our imaginary room, a multitude of creatures could be standing in the same physical space and have completely different Umwelt\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300cUmwelt\u300d\u9019\u500b\u5b57\u5728\u5fb7\u6587\u4e2d\u610f\u601d\u662f\u300c\u74b0\u5883\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u6ce2\u7f85\u5730\u6d77\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u52d5\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6Jakob von Uexk\u00fcll\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u6307\u7684\u662f\u52d5\u7269\u6240\u80fd\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cUexkill compared an animal’s body to a house. “Each house has a number of windows,” he wrote, “which open onto a garden: a light window, a sound window, an olfactory window, a taste window, and a great number of tactile windows. Depending on the manner in which these windows are built, the garden changes as it is seen from the house. By no means does it appear as a section of a larger world. Rather, it is the only world that belongs to the house its [Umwelt]. The garden that appears to our eye is fundamentally different from that which presents itself to the inhabitants of the house.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uexkill\u628a\u52d5\u7269\u6bd4\u55bb\u70ba\u4e00\u68df\u6709\u5f88\u591a\ud856\uddac\u6236\u7684\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u68df\u623f\u5b50\u9762\u5411\u4e00\u500b\u82b1\u5712\u3002\u623f\u5b50\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u7a97\u6236\uff1a\u5149\u7dda\u7684\u7a97\u6236\u3001\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u7a97\u6236\u3001\u6c23\u5473\u7684\u7a97\u6236\u3001\u5473\u9053\u7684\u7a97\u6236\u3001\u89f8\u89ba\u7684\u7a97\u6236\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7a97\u6236\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5f9e\u623f\u5b50\u88cf\u5f80\u5916\u770b\u5230\u82b1\u5712\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u3002\u9019\u500b\u82b1\u5712\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u5343\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e26\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u9019\u500b\u82b1\u5712\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u68df\u623f\u5b50\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u300cUmwelt\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLight comes in a range of wavelengths. Those we can see span from 400 nanometers, which we perceive as violet, to 700 nanometers, which we perceive as red. Our ability to detect these wavelengths, and the rainbow that lies between them, depends on our opsin proteins the foundation of all animal vision. Opsins come in different varieties, and each is best at absorbing a particular wavelength of light. Normal human color vision depends on three of these opsins, each of which is deployed by a different type of cone cell in our retinas. Based on their preferred wavelengths, the opsins (and the cones that contain them) are called long, medium, and short. More familiarly, they’re called red, green, and blue..\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5149\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\u3002\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\u4ecb\u65bc400\u5948\u7c73(\u7d2b\u5149)\u5230700\u5948\u7c73(\u7d05\u5149)\u4e4b\u9593\u3002\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e03\u5f69\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8996\u86cb\u767d\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8996\u86cb\u767d\u6703\u5438\u6536\u4e0d\u540c\u6ce2\u9577\u7684\u5149\u7dda\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u984f\u8272\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u8996\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5728\u8996\u7db2\u819c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9310\u72c0\u7d30\u80de\u4e0a\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u5b83\u5011\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u9577\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u77ed\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7d05\u5149\u3001\u7da0\u5149\u3001\u85cd\u5149\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBut color vision involves more than merely detecting different wavelengths of light. It’s about comparing them. The signals from the three types of cones are added and subtracted by a complex network of neurons. Some of these neurons are excited by inputs from the red cones but inhibited by inputs from the green ones; they allow us to discriminate reds from greens. Other neurons are excited by the blue cones but inhibited by the red and green ones; they allow us to distinguish blues and yellows. This simple neural arithmetic -R – G and B – (R + G)-is called opponency. It’s how the raw signals from just three cones are transformed into the glorious rainbows that we perceive.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9e\u4e09\u7a2e\u9310\u72c0\u7d30\u80de\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u50b3\u5230\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u8655\u7406\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u6703\u88ab\u7d05\u9310\u72c0\u7d30\u80de\u50b3\u4f86\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u6240\u6fc0\u767c\uff0c\u4f46\u6703\u88ab\u5f9e\u7da0\u9310\u72c0\u7d30\u80de\u50b3\u4f86\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\u6240\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u628a\u7d05\u8272\u5f9e\u7da0\u8272\u5340\u5225\u51fa\u4f86\u800c\u770b\u5230\u7d05\u8272\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u6703\u88ab\u85cd\u9310\u72c0\u7d30\u80de\u523a\u6fc0\u800c\u88ab\u7d05\u9310\u72c0\u7d30\u80de\u3001\u7da0\u9310\u72c0\u7d30\u80de\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5340\u5225\u51fa\u85cd\u8272\u548c\u9ec3\u8272\u3002\u4ee5\u8a08\u7b97\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u5c31\u662f \u7d05\u8272-\u7da0\u8272\uff1b\u85cd\u8272-(\u7d05\u8272+\u7da0\u8272)\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u4e92\u88dc\u8272\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u96d6\u7136\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u9310\u72c0\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u4e03\u5f69\u984f\u8272\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cColor, then, is fundamentally subjective. There’s nothing inherently “green” about a blade of grass, or the 550-nanometer light that it reflects. Our photoreceptors, neurons, and brains are what turn that physical property into the sensation of green. Color exists in the eye of the beholder- and also in their brain\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u984f\u8272\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e3b\u89c0\u7684\u8a8d\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8349\u8449\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u5c31\u6709\u300c\u7da0\u8272\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u90a3\u662f\u8349\u8449\u53cd\u5c04\u5c80\u4f86\u7684\u5149\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\u662f550\u5948\u7c73\u3002\u800c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u548c\u8166\u888b\u628a\u5149\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8cea\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u300c\u7da0\u8272\u300d\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002\u984f\u8272\u662f\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u773c\u775b\u770b\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u8166\u888b\u4e2d\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u984f\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA small proportion of people, and entire species of animals, also see only in shades of gray, not because of brain damage but because their retinas aren’t set up for color vision. They are called monochromats\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u53ea\u770b\u5f97\u5230\u7070\u968e\u3002\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u8166\u888b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51fa\u5728\u8996\u7db2\u819c\u4e0d\u5177\u5099\u8f49\u63db\u5f69\u8272\u8a0a\u865f\u7684\u76f8\u61c9\u9310\u72c0\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u55ae\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201d Is that dark shape that just appeared the looming shadow of a predator, or merely the shadow of a sunbeam that briefly strayed behind a cloud? Monochromatic eyes that only deal in brightness and darkness would struggle to tell. But eyes that see in color would fare much better\u2026That’s the basis of dichromacy, the simplest form of color vision. It’s what Retina, other dogs, and most mammals have.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dogs have two cones one with a long, yellow-green opsin and another with a short, blue-violet one. They see mostly in shades of blue, yellow, and gray\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d\u65bc\u55ae\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u584a\u9ed1\u5f71\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u63a0\u98df\u8005\u9084\u53ea\u662f\u5149\u7dda\u88ab\u906e\u853d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u9670\u5f71\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u51fa\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5206\u8fa8\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u64c1\u6709\u96d9\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u72d7\u5c31\u662f\u96d9\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u8005\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u6709\u9577\u9310\u72c0\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u9ec3-\u7da0\u8996\u86cb\u767d\u548c\u77ed\u9310\u72c0\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u85cd-\u7d2b\u8996\u86cb\u767d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026deuteranopes, who lack the medium green cones, come closest to seeing like dogs and horses. Their world is painted in yellows, blues, and grays, while reds and greens are hard to distinguish. Color-blind people might be confused by traffic lights, electrical wiring, or paint swatches. They might struggle to read packaging or charts, to distinguish sports teams that are wearing ostensibly distinct color, or to complete seemingly simple school assignments like drawing a rainbow\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d05\u7da0\u8272\u76f2\u8005\u6b20\u7f3a\u7da0\u8272\u9310\u72c0\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u63a5\u8fd1\u72d7\u548c\u99ac\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u9ec3\u3001\u85cd\u548c\u7070\u8272\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u5206\u8fa8\u7d05\u7da0\u3002\u8272\u76f2\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u56f0\u96e3\u5206\u8fa8\u7d05\u7da0\u71c8\u7684\u71c8\u865f\u3001\u96fb\u7dda\u914d\u7dda\u548c\u96fb\u5b50\u9336\u7684\u984f\u8272\u3002\u5916\u5305\u88dd\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u5716\u8868\u3001\u904b\u52d5\u54e1\u8863\u8457\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u984f\u8272\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u96e3\u4ee5\u8fa8\u5225\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u756b\u500b\u5f69\u8679\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u4f5c\u696d\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s easy to assume that the dichromats must be at a disadvantage(compared to the trichromats.) But after 15 years of studying white-faced capuchins in the forests of Costa Rica, \u2026Neither groups,\u2026, is more likely to survive or reproduce than the other. The trichromats are indeed better at finding brightly colored fruit, but the dichromats surpass them at finding insects disguised as leaves and sticks. Without a riot of colors to confuse or distract them, they’re better at detecting borders and shapes, and seeing through camouflage\u2026.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5f88\u76f4\u89ba\u8a8d\u70ba\u64c1\u6709\u96d9\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u5f8c\u4ee3\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c07\u8f03\u70ba\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u54e5\u65af\u5927\u9ece\u52a0\u68ee\u6797\u7814\u7a76\u5df4\u62ff\u99ac\u767d\u9762\u5377\u5c3e\u7334\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4ed6\u5011\u5404\u6709\u5343\u79cb\u3002\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u5df4\u62ff\u99ac\u767d\u9762\u5377\u5c3e\u7334\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u6bd4\u8f03\u80fd\u5920\u627e\u5230\u9bae\u8277\u7684\u679c\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u3002\u96d9\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u5df4\u62ff\u99ac\u767d\u9762\u5377\u5c3e\u7334\u5247\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u507d\u88dd\u96b1\u85cf\u5728\u8449\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6606\u87f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn the 1880s, JOHN LUBBOCK-banker, archeologist, polymath-split a beam of light with a prism and shone the resulting rainbow onto ants. The ants scurried away from the light. But Lubbock noticed that they also fled from a region just beyond the rainbow’s violet end, which looked dark to his eyes. This area wasn’t dark to the ants, though. It was bathed in ultraviolet-literally “beyond violet” in Latin. Ultravio-let (or UV) light has wavelengths ranging from 10 to 400 nanometers.” It is largely invisible to humans, but must be “apparent to the ants as a distinct and separate colour (of which we can form no idea),” <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57281880\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cJohn Lubbock \u5c07\u7a7f\u904e\u4e09\u7a1c\u900f\u93e1\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4e03\u5f69\u5149\u7dda\u62ff\u53bb\u7167\u5c04\u879e\u87fb\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u879e\u87fb\u4e0d\u6b62\u907f\u958b\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u5728\u7d2b\u8272\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u5340\u57df\u5b83\u5011\u4e5f\u662f\u907f\u958b\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5340\u57df\u5c31\u662f\u5f8c\u4f86\u4f9d\u9020\u201dbeyond violet\u201d(\u7d2b\u8272\u5149\u4e4b\u5916)\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\uff0c\u53d6\u540d\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u201dUltraviolet\u201d(\u7d2b\u5916\u5149) \u3002Ultraviolet\u201d(\u7d2b\u5916\u5149) \u7684\u6ce2\u9577\u4ecb\u65bc10-400\u5948\u7c73\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u773c\u775b\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u986f\u7136\u879e\u87fb\u662f\u770b\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAt the time, some scientists believed that animals either are colorblind or see the same spectrum that we do. Lubbock showed that ants are exceptional. Half a century later, bees and minnows turned out to see ultraviolet, too\u2026,in the 1980s, researchers showed that many birds, reptiles, fish, and insects have UV-sensitive photoreceptors\u2026 In 1991, Gerald Jacobs and Jay Neitz showed that mice, rats, and gerbils have a short cone that is tuned to UV\u2026In the 2010s, Glen Jeffery found that reindeer, dogs, cats, pigs, cows, ferrets, and many other mammals can detect UV with their short blue cones. They probably perceive UV as a deep shade of blue rather than a separate color, but they can sense it nonetheless. So can some humans\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This happened to the painter Claude Monet, who lost his left lens at the age of 82. He began seeing the UV light that reflects off water lilies, and started painting them as whitish blue instead of white.\u2026Most animals that can see color can see UV. It’s the norm, and we are the weirdos.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u90fd\u770b\u5f97\u5230\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4eba\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u5370\u8c61\u6d3e\u5927\u5e2b\u83ab\u5167\u572882\u6b72\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5de6\u773c\u6703\u64cb\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u7684\u6c34\u6676\u9ad4\u640d\u58de\u4e86\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u83ab\u5167\u770b\u5f97\u898b\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5728\u756b\u6c34\u84ee\u7684\u53cd\u5149\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u767d\u8272\u800c\u662f\u767d\u8272\u4e2d\u5e36\u6709\u6de1\u6de1\u7684\u85cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026Water scatters UV light, creating an ambient ultraviolet fog, against which fish can more easily see tiny UV-absorbing plankton. Rodents can easily see the dark silhouettes of birds against the UV-rich sky. Reindeer can quickly make out mosses and lichens, which reflect little UV, on a hillside blanketed by UV-reflective snow\u2026.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u6703\u6563\u5c04\uff0c\u5728\u5468\u570d\u7522\u751f\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u7684\u8584\u9727\uff0c\u8b93\u9b5a\u5bb9\u6613\u627e\u5230\u6703\u5438\u6536\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u7684\u6d6e\u6e38\u751f\u7269\u3002\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u8b93\u9f20\u985e\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u5230\u63a0\u98df\u6027\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\uff0c\u9e8b\u9e7f\u66f4\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u5f9e\u53cd\u5c04\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u7684\u96ea\u5730\u88cf\u627e\u5230\u82d4\u861a\u548c\u5730\u8863\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFlowers use dramatic UV patterns to advertise their wares to pollinators. Sunflowers, marigolds, and black-eyed Susans all look uniformly colored to human eyes, but bees can see the UV patches at the bases of their petals, which form vivid bullseyes. Usually, these shapes are guides that indicate the position of nectar. Occasionally, they are traps. Crab spiders lurk on flowers to ambush pollinators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To us, these spiders seem to match the colors of their chosen blooms, and they’ve long been treated as masters of camouflage. But they reflect so much UV that they are highly conspicuous to a bee, which makes the flowers they sit upon that much more alluring. Rather than blending in, some of them attract their UV-sensitive prey by standing out.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u82b1\u6703\u7528\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u4f86\u5438\u5f15\u6606\u87f2\u6388\u7c89\u3002\u5411\u65e5\u8475\u3001\u842c\u58fd\u83ca\u3001\u9ed1\u5fc3\u91d1\u5149\u83ca\u7684\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u82b1\u8272\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u985e\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u90fd\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u7570\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u5728\u82b1\u74e3\u7684\u57fa\u90e8\u6709\u82b1\u7c89\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6709\u500b\u50cf\u725b\u773c\u822c\u5927\u7684\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u6703\u6563\u767c\u51fa\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u87f9\u86db\u6703\u8eb2\u5728\u90a3\u9644\u8fd1\u4ee5\u9038\u5f85\u52de\uff0c\u800c\u87f9\u86db\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6703\u6563\u767c\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e0d\u6703\u5687\u8d70\u6388\u7c89\u7684\u6606\u87f2\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6703\u8b93\u90a3\u584a\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u662f\u66f4\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt’s not just humans who can’t see UV patterns. Since UV light is heavily scattered by water, predatory fish that have to spot prey at a distance are often insensitive to it. Their prey, in turn, have exploited this weakness. The swordtail fish of Central American rivers look drab to us, but \u2026, males of some species have strong UV stripes along their flanks and tails. These markings are alluring to females, but they’re invisible to the swordtails’ main predators\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u6563\u5c04\uff0c\u8b93\u63a0\u98df\u6027\u9b5a\u985e\u5f88\u96e3\u5f9e\u9060\u8655\u5c31\u770b\u6e05\u695a\u7375\u7269\u3002\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u528d\u5c3e\u9b5a\u5728\u6211\u5011\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u5916\u8868\u9577\u5f97\u55ae\u8abf\u7121\u5947\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u5728\u9b5a\u9c2d\u548c\u9b5a\u5c3e\u4e0a\u662f\u6709\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u7684\u689d\u7d0b\u7684\uff0c\u5c0d\u96cc\u9b5a\u90a3\u662f\u83ab\u5927\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u63a0\u98df\u6027\u7684\u9b5a\u985e\u537b\u662f\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026The reality is that UV vision and UV signals are extremely common.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“My personal view is that it’s just another color.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u7684\u8996\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u754c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u55ae\u7d14\u7576\u4f5c\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u984f\u8272\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTetrachromacy doesn’t just widen the visible spectrum at its margins. It unlocks an entirely new dimension of colors\u2026 dichromats can make out roughly 1 percent of the colors that trichromats see tens of thousands, compared to millions. If the same gulf exists between trichromats and tetrachromats, then we might be able to see just 1 percent of the hundreds of millions of colors that a bird can discriminate. \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56db\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7684\u984f\u8272\u7d44\u5408\u4ee4\u4eba\u5927\u958b\u773c\u754c\u3002\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u767e\u842c\u7a2e\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u96d9\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u898b\u5230\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u76841%\u7a2e\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u662f1\u842c\u7a2e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u56db\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u548c\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u984f\u8272\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u4e5f\u662f\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u56db\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230100\u842c\u7a2e\u984f\u8272\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHummingbirds, with their four cones, can see a lot more of them, including UV-red, UV-green, UV-yellow (which is red + green + UV), and probably UV-purple (which is red + blue + UV). \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u8702\u9ce5\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6709\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u56db\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u56db\u500b\u9310\u72c0\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1aUV-red, UV-green, UV-yellow ( = red + green + UV)\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230UV-purple ( = red + blue + UV). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBirds aren’t the only tetrachromats. Reptiles, insects, and freshwater fish, including the humble goldfish, have four cones as well. By looking at tetrachromats among modern animals and working backward, scientists can deduce that the first vertebrates were likely tetrachromats, too. Mammals, probably because they were all initially nocturnal, lost two of their ancestral cones and became dichromats\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9664\u4e86\u9ce5\u985e\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u722c\u87f2\u985e\u3001\u6606\u87f2\u3001\u6de1\u6c34\u9b5a(\u5305\u542b\u666e\u901a\u7684\u91d1\u9b5a)\u90fd\u662f\u56db\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u6240\u52d5\u7269\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u5f80\u524d\u63a8\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u810a\u690e\u52d5\u7269\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u56db\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u3002\u800c\u81f3\u65bc\u6709\u4e9b\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5c6c\u65bc\u591c\u884c\u6027\u7684\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5169\u7d44\u9310\u72c0\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u800c\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u96d9\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt’s ironic that for the longest time, illustrators and filmmakers portrayed dinosaurs in dull shades of brown, gray, and green. Only recently have artists started painting these animals with bright colors, inspired by the revelation that they are the ancestors of birds. But even these vivid hues, applied with a trichro-mat’s eye, capture just a tiny proportion of the colors that dinosaurs probably wore or saw\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f88\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u96fb\u5f71\u7d93\u5e38\u628a\u6050\u9f8d\u756b\u6210\u9ec3\u3001\u7070\u3001\u7da0\u7b49\u55ae\u8abf\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u53ef\u80fd\u7a81\u7136\u798f\u81f3\u5fc3\u9748\u60f3\u5230\u6050\u9f8d\u662f\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u756b\u4e0a\u9bae\u8277\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u9bae\u8277\u7684\u8272\u8abf\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\uff0c\u662f\u56db\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u6050\u9f8d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7684\u984f\u8272\u7a2e\u985e\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6975\u5c11\u6975\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But there is no way to representing a tetrachromat\u2019s color vision for a trichromat\u2019s eye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7528\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u4f86\u63cf\u56db\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMost butterflies are trichromats. Like bees, they have three opsins that are most sensitive to UV, blue, and green, and can see colors ranging from red to UV. But in 2010, Briscoe discovered that Heliconius butterflies differ from their relatives \u2026they’re tetrachromats\u2026In 2016, Briscoe’s student Kyle McCulloch found that only female eratos are tetrachromats. The males are trichromats\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8774\u8776\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u5728\u4102\u8776\u5c6c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8774\u8776\u662f\u56db\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u5947\u7279\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u96cc\u6027\u7684\u8774\u8776\uff0c\u96c4\u6027\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThese butterflies are not the only species with a sex difference in tetrachromacy. Humans share that trait. Somewhere in Newcastle, England, lives a woman known in the scientific literature as cD229\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

according to psychologist Gabriele Jordan, who has worked with her extensively, cD229 aces tests that only a tetrachromat could pass. Much like Stoddard’s hummingbirds, she can pick out one shade of green among other extremely similar ones, “like a cherry from a tree,”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u548c\u8774\u8776\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u5973\u6027\u6709\u56db\u8272\u8996\u89ba(\u4f46\u4eba\u6578\u6975\u5c11)\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u6709\u4f4d\u7de8\u865f\u70bacD229\u7684\u5973\u58eb\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u77ac\u9593\u8f15\u6613\u5f9e\u5dee\u7570\u6975\u7d30\u5fae\u7684\u7da0\u8272\u4e2d\u8fa8\u8b58\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u984f\u8272\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u64c1\u6709\u56db\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u8005\u624d\u8fa6\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPrimates, for example, evolved trichromacy to better spot young leaves and ripe fruits. And once they added red to their Umwelt, they began evolving patches of bare skin that could convey messages by flushing with blood. The red faces of rhesus macaques, the red rumps of mandrills, and the comically red and bald heads of uakaris are all sexual signals made possible by trichromatic vision.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9748\u9577\u985e\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6613\u65bc\u627e\u5230(\u7d05\u8272)\u7684\u5ae9\u8449(\u5bcc\u542b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea)\u53ca\u6210\u719f\u7684\u679c\u5b50\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5728Umwelt\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u7d05\u8272\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c31\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u4e00\u7247\u6c92\u6709\u6bdb\u7684\u76ae\u819a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u8840\u4f86\u50b3\u9054\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u6046\u6cb3\u7334\u7684\u7d05\u81c9\uff0c\u5f69\u9762\u72d2\u72d2\u7684\u7d05\u5c41\u80a1\uff0c\u767d\u79bf\u7334\u7684\u7d05\u81c9\u548c\u79bf\u982d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u4e86\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u8a0a\u865f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMost of the fish in coral reefs are also trichromats. But since red light is strongly absorbed by water, their sensitivities are shifted toward the blue end of the spectrum. This explains why so many reef fish, like the blue tang that stars in Pixar’s Finding Dory, are blue and yellow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To their version of trichromacy, yellow disappears against corals, and blue blends in with the water. Their colors look incredibly conspicuous to snorkeling humans, because our particular trio of cones excels at discriminating blues and yellows. But the fish themselves are beautifully camouflaged to each other, and to their predators.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u73ca\u745a\u7901\u9b5a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6c34\u6703\u5438\u6536\u7d05\u8272\u5149\uff0c\u73ca\u745a\u7901\u9b5a\u6bd4\u8f03\u654f\u611f\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u504f\u85cd\u8272\u5149\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5b83\u7684\u984f\u8272\u662f\u9ec3\u548c\u85cd\u3002\u5728\u73ca\u745a\u7901\u9b5a\u7684\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u9ec3\u8272\u81ea\u7136\u6df7\u5728\u73ca\u745a\u7901\u4e2d\u800c\u4e0d\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u85cd\u8272\u548c\u6c34\u8272\u81ea\u7136\u6df7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u73ca\u745a\u7901\u9b5a\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u5c0d\u6d6e\u6f5b\u7684\u6211\u5011\u770b\u4f86\u5f88\u9192\u76ee\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u5f88\u5584\u65bc\u5206\u8fa8\u9ec3\u8272\u548c\u85cd\u8272\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u9b5a\u985e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u507d\u88dd\u8272\uff0c\u63a0\u98df\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u5011\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYou can apply the same logic to flowers. In 1992, Lars Chittka and Randolf Menzel analyzed 180 flowers and worked out what kind of eye would be best at discriminating their colors. The answer- an eye with green, blue, and UV trichromacy- is exactly what bees and many other insects have. You might think that these pollinators evolved eyes that see flowers well, but that’s not what happened. Their style of trichromacy evolved hundreds of millions of years before the first flowers appeared, so the latter must have evolved to suit the former. Flowers evolved colors that ideally tickle insect eyes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u904e\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5206\u8fa8\u7da0\u8272\u3001\u85cd\u8272\u3001\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u7684\u773c\u775b\u7684\u6606\u87f2\uff0c\u5c0d\u82b1\u6736\u7684\u6388\u7c89\u6700\u6709\u5229\u3002\u800c\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u958b\u82b1\u690d\u7269\u662f\u5728\u6606\u87f2\u5b58\u5728\u6578\u5104\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\uff0c\u958b\u82b1\u690d\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u4e86\u7da0\u8272\u3001\u85cd\u8272\u3001\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u7684\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u4f86\u9069\u61c9\u6606\u87f2\u4e09\u8272\u8996\u89ba\u770b\u4f86\u6700\u986f\u76ee\u984f\u8272\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI find these connections profound, in a way that makes me think differently about the act of sensing itself. Sensing can feel passive, as if eyes and other sense organs were intake valves through which animals absorb and receive the stimuli around them. But over time, the simple act of seeing recolors the world. Guided by evolution, eyes are living paintbrushes. Flowers, frogs, fish, feathers, and fruit all show that sight affects what is seen, and that much of what we find beautiful in nature has been shaped by the vision of our fellow animals. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beauty is not only in the eye of the beholder. It arises because of that eye.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u6211\u5011\u8b1b\u5230\u300c\u611f\u89ba\u300d\uff0c\u6709\u50cf\u6709\u9ede\u88ab\u52d5\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u773c\u775b\u6216\u5b83\u5011\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u53ea\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u5916\u754c\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u958b\u95dc\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6642\u9593\u4e00\u65e6\u62c9\u9577\u4e86\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u55ae\u7d14\u89c0\u770b\u7684\u9019\u500b\u8209\u52d5\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6539\u8b8a\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u984f\u8272\u3002\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u63a8\u6ce2\u52a9\u703e\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u773c\u775b\u5c31\u50cf\u4e0a\u8272\u7684\u5237\u5b50\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u958b\u82b1\u690d\u7269\u3001\u86d9\u985e\u3001\u9b5a\u985e\u3001\u9ce5\u985e(\u7684\u7fbd\u6bdb)\u3001\u679c\u5be6(\u7684\u719f\u5ea6)\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8996\u529b\u6700\u7d42\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u5927\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u539f\u4f86\u662f\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u8996\u529b\u6240\u5851\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7f8e\u9e97\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u60c5\u4eba\u773c\u88cf\u51fa\u897f\u65bd\uff1b\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7f8e\u9e97\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u5973\u70ba\u6085\u5df1\u8005\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\uff1aED Yong, \u201cAn Immense World,\u201d 2022, Random House\/New York<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2023\/8\/31 An Immense World Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cAn Immense World\u201d \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36665","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36665"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36665\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36666,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36665\/revisions\/36666"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}