{"id":36533,"date":"2023-08-10T14:12:54","date_gmt":"2023-08-10T06:12:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=36533"},"modified":"2023-08-15T14:14:26","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T06:14:26","slug":"the-beauty-of-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/?p=36533","title":{"rendered":"The Beauty of Chemistry"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"907\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"36534\" src=\"https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/713368531.764232-907x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/713368531.764232-907x1024.jpeg 907w, https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/713368531.764232-266x300.jpeg 266w, https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/713368531.764232-768x867.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/713368531.764232-585x660.jpeg 585w, https:\/\/damakey.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/713368531.764232.jpeg 1063w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 907px) 100vw, 907px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u2026Color in the living world tends to serve a purpose. It might send out a warming signal: easily spotted yellow-and-black stripes advertise a creature\u2019s toxicity or danger sting to would-be predator. Conversely, colors markings might convey a come-hither message. They are widely used for sexual display; it is no mere figure of speech that makes us deride ostentatious dress as \u201cpeacocking.\u201d(This tendency to parade in bright colors is almost universally confined to males in the animal kingdom, and no one knows why in many modern human societies it works the other way round.)\u201d*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u984f\u8272\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u63a0\u98df\u8005\u5145\u6eff\u8b66\u544a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u9ec3\u9ed1\u76f8\u9593\u7684\u689d\u7d0b\u4ee3\u8868\u6709\u6bd2\u6216\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u53ee\u87ab\u3002\u800c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u984f\u8272\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u6b61\u8fce\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u5c55\u73fe\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u7a7f\u8457\u7684\u6d6e\u8a87\u83ef\u9e97\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u8981\u9054\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u70ab\u8000\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cColors may be arranged into ingenious camouflage, either by blending the hues and texture of an organism with those of its environment \u2014 as in the aptly named dead-leaf moth\u2014or by dazzling and confusing predatory eyes with striking designs such as high-contract stripes\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Animal markings can help members of a species recognize on another, preventing wasteful attempts at cross-species mating; some butterflies spot potential partner this way\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u984f\u8272\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u507d\u88dd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6539\u8b8a\u8272\u8abf\u548c\u8868\u9762\u7684\u8cea\u5730\u4f86\u8cbc\u8fd1\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u67af\u8449\u8776\uff1b\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u7528\u9ad8\u53cd\u5dee\u7684\u689d\u7d0b\u8ff7\u4e82\u3001\u56f0\u60d1\u63a0\u98df\u8005\u7684\u773c\u775b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u2026our eyes are sensible to chromatic distinctions, especially in the red-yellow-green range. Our primate ancestors would have needed not only to spot edible fruits and berries among the foliage but also to distinguish the hues that indicate ripeness from those that might leave the incautious forager with a stomach ache\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u5011\u7684\u773c\u775b\u64c5\u9577\u5206\u8fa8\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u7d05\u3001\u9ec3\u3001\u7da0\u9019\u500b\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9748\u9577\u985e\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u7da0\u8449\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u5403\u7684\u679c\u5b50\uff0c\u9084\u80fd\u5f9e\u8272\u8abf\u4e2d\u5206\u8fa8\u51fa\u54ea\u4e9b\u679c\u5b50\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u719f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIn many animals, particularly mammals, the color palette is in truth not terrible broad or exciting. Most coloration of hair and skin comes from a class of pigment molecules called melanins, which vary slightly in their molecular structures to give a range of hues from tawny to red, brown, and black. \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u52d5\u7269\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u984f\u8272\u4e26\u4e0d\u8c50\u5bcc\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6bdb\u9aee\u548c\u76ae\u819a\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u81ea\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5b83\u5206\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u7d30\u5fae\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u8910\u8272\u5230\u7d05\u8272\u3001\u68d5\u8272\u3001\u9ed1\u8272\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u8272\u8abf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cPlants have a much diverse array of pigments. Their foliage is green by chlorophyll, \u2026absorb sunlight strongly in the red and blue parts of the spectrum, leaving the green to be reflected. The energy of the absorbed light drives chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide to sugar, which are used both for metabolism in the plant cells and to construct the cellulose polymers that make up plant cell walls and fibers.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u690d\u7269\u5247\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u984f\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8449\u5b50\u7684\u7da0\u8272\u4f86\u81ea\u8449\u7da0\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u5438\u6536\u7d05\u5149\u548c\u85cd\u5149\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u5438\u6536\u7684\u7da0\u5149\u53cd\u5c04\u4e86\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u7684\u984f\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f9e\u5149\u7dda\u5438\u6536\u5230\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u628a\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u91a3\u985e\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u690d\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u65b0\u9673\u4ee3\u8b1d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7e96\u7dad\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u6253\u9020\u690d\u7269\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u58c1\u548c\u7e96\u7dad\u7d44\u7e54\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe yellow and red colors of plants and flowers are generally produced by pigments call carotenoids, which soak up blue and green light\u2026Carotenes have a molecular structure more or less equivalent to two molecules of the pigment retinal(a form of vitamin A) joined end to end. Retinal is the light-absorbing molecule in the retina of the eye, where it is chemically attached to proteins called opsins: light-activated molecular switches that initiate a nerve signal being sent to the brain\u2019s visual cortex. Animals produce retinal mostly by snipping plant-derived carotenes in two in the gut\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u690d\u7269\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u82b1\u7684\u9ec3\u8272\u53ca\u7d05\u8272\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u985e\u7d05\u863f\u8514\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u5438\u6536\u85cd\u5149\u548c\u7da0\u5149\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u985e\u7d05\u863f\u8514\u7d20\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u8996\u7db2\u819c\u4e0a\u6709\u5169\u500b\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8272\u7d20(\u4e00\u7a2e\u7dad\u4ed6\u547dA)\u5f88\u50cf\u3002\u8996\u7db2\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u8272\u7d20\u5206\u5b50\u6703\u5438\u6536\u5149\u7dda\uff0c\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u795e\u7d93\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u50b3\u5230\u8996\u89ba\u76ae\u8cea\u9032\u884c\u5224\u8b80\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u52d5\u7269\u8996\u7db2\u819c\u4e0a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8272\u7d20(\u8449\u9ec3\u7d20)\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u900f\u904e\u98df\u7528\u690d\u7269\u4f86\u651d\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe third major class of plant pigments are the anthocyanins, which typically absorb mostly green light, as well as a little blue, imparting therefore a red color\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u690d\u7269\u8272\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u662f\u82b1\u9752\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u5438\u6536\u7da0\u5149\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u85cd\u5149\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8b93\u690d\u7269\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u7d05\u8272\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWhen leaves begin to wither in the autumn, their chlorophyll molecules decay faster than the carotenoids and anthocyanins. As the leaves thereby lose greenness, the yellows, oranges, and red which had always lurked unseen beneath the verdant surface, are revealed\u2026anthocyanins\u2026are thought both to slow down the harmful chemical processes associated with leaf aging and to help the plant as a whole retain nitrogen\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u79cb\u5929\uff0c\u8449\u5b50\u958b\u59cb\u51cb\u840e\uff0c\u8449\u7da0\u7d20\u6bd4\u985e\u7d05\u863f\u8514\u7d20\u53ca\u82b1\u9752\u7d20\u9084\u5feb\u88ab\u7834\u58de\u3002\u8449\u5b50\u5931\u53bb\u7da0\u610f\uff0c\u6f5b\u85cf\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u9ec3\u8272\u3001\u6a58\u8272\u53ca\u7d05\u8272\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u986f\u9732\u4e86\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82b1\u9752\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e1b\u7de9\u8449\u5b50\u8001\u5316\u7522\u751f\u6709\u5bb3\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u82b1\u9752\u7d20\u4e5f\u6703\u9632\u6b62\u6c2e\u7684\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u2026..(\u6709\u52a9\u4fdd\u7559\u4f86\u5e74\u65b0\u9577\u8449\u5b50\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5143\u6c23)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u2026some plant pigments have proved to be excellent dyes. One used since ancient times is indigo, a blue substance found in the leaves of plants of the indigofera family native ti the tropics, especially in the Indian subcontinent\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709\u4e9b\u690d\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u8403\u53d6\u51fa\u5f88\u68d2\u7684\u67d3\u6599\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u975b\u85cd\u690d\u7269(indigo)\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u71b1\u5e36\u5730\u5340\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u6728\u85cd\u5c6c\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u9577\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u534a\u5cf6\u4e0a\u7684\u5c24\u4f73\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u2026Indigo was traditionally used to dye the cotton cloth made in the French city of Nimes, which became known as \u201cserge de N\u00eemes\u2014or \u201cdenim\u201d for short\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7528\u975b\u85cd\u690d\u7269\u505a\u6210\u7684\u67d3\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u7684Nimes\u5c0f\u93ae\u7528\u4f86\u67d3\u68c9\u5e03\uff0c\u6cd5\u6587\u7a31\u4e4b\u70baserge de N\u00eemes\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u300c\u5c3c\u59c6(Nimes)\u7684\u55f6\u5630\u5e03(serge)\u300d\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31denim\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u4e39\u5bdc(\u5e03)\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cAnother popular plant dye was madder red, extracted from the root of the madder plant. Here the colored substance is a compound known as alizarin,\u2026it was the red used in the uniforms of the British \u201credcoats\u201d in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Red is often said to be a bold, martial color\u2026was also good for military morale because it would disguise bloody injuries. Madder was one of the best dyes\u2014a good batch would withstand sunlight and repeated washing without fading\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u831c\u8349\u7d05\u7684\u690d\u7269\u67d3\u4e5f\u5f88\u53d7\u5230\u6b61\u8fce\uff0c\u8403\u53d6\u81ea\u831c\u8349\u7684\u6839\u3002\u767c\u8272\u7684\u662f\u831c\u8349\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u570b\u572818\u300119\u4e16\u7d00\u7528\u831c\u8349\u7d05\u67d3\u8ecd\u670d\uff0c\u64da\u8aaa\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u632f\u58eb\u6c23\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53d7\u50b7\u6d41\u8840\u6bd4\u8f03\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u822c\u690d\u7269\u67d3\uff0c\u5728\u5149\u7dda\u7167\u5c04\u4e0b\u5bb9\u6613\u892a\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u831c\u8349\u7d20\u7684\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u662f\u7d93\u4e45\u4e0d\u892a\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5f88\u8010\u6d17\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cOne flower that derives its color from anthocyanins is the hydrangea\u2026These are not, however, flowers in the strict sense: the colored blooms are an \u201cinflorescence,\u201d meaning that they are made not from pedals but from modified leaves called sepals\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7e61\u7403\u5c6c\u7684\u300c\u82b1\u300d\u5c55\u73fe\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u82b1\u9752\u7d20\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u56b4\u683c\u4f86\u8aaa\u4e0d\u662f\u82b1\uff0c\u662f\u82b1\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u82b1\u74e3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8449\u5b50\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u7684\u843c\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u2026The pinks and blues both come from the same source: a single type of anthocyanin molecule called delphinidin. The differences in color result from tiny changes to this molecule depending on the acidity of the plant\u2019s environment\u2026The hydrangea\u2019s pigmentation has the reverse color change to that litmus, being blue in acidic conditions and pinkish-red in alkaline(or neutral) conditions\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7e61\u7403\u5c6c\u7684\u7c89\u7d05\u8272\u548c\u85cd\u8272\u7684\u300c\u82b1\u300d\u8272\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u82b1\u9752\u7d20\u4e2d\u7684\u7fe0\u96c0\u7d20\u6240\u9020\u6210\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u984f\u8272\u662f\u7c89\u7d05\u8272\u6216\u85cd\u8272\uff0c\u5c31\u7531\u690d\u7269\u751f\u9577\u74b0\u5883(\u571f\u58e4)\u7684\u9178\u91b6\u5ea6\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u74b0\u5883\u662f\u9e7c\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u958b\u7d05\u8272\u82b1\uff1b\u74b0\u5883\u662f\u9178\u6027\u6216\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u958b\u85cd\u8272\u82b1\u3002\u548c\u77f3\u854a\u8a66\u7d19\u5c0d\u9178\u91b6\u6027\u7684\u984f\u8272\u53cd\u61c9\u525b\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u2026Blue colorants like commelin in cornflowers are \u2026typically, alternating pairs of anthocyanins and flavones stacked together and arranged like pedals around the center \u201chead\u201d of a metal ion, as if they are themselves molecule-scale flowers\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u50cf\u9d28\u8dd6\u8349\u822c\u85cd\u7684\u77e2\u8eca\u83ca\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u82b1\u9752\u7d20\u548c\u9ec3\u916e\u4ea4\u758a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u50cf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6709\u500b\u91d1\u5c6c\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u5fae\u5f62\u82b1\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u2026In some other blue flowers, such as the Californian desert bell and morning glory, anthocyanin pigments are linked to other molecule groups by sugar molecules and stacked on top of one another like the two bread slices of a sandwich\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u50cf\u52a0\u5dde\u9418\u578b\u82b1\u548c\u5587\u53ed\u82b1\u7684\u85cd\u8272\u82b1\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u7531\u82b1\u9752\u7d20\u53ca\u91a3\u985e\u5206\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u758a\u6709\u82e5\u4e09\u660e\u6cbb\u4e00\u6a23\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u2026Hydrangeas\u2026their delphinidin pigment changes its color depending on how much aluminum it binds\u2026In neutral or alkaline soils, aluminum combines with hydroxide ions to form aluminum hydroxide, which is rather insoluble and so isn\u2019t carried into plant by moisture.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Only if aluminum ions are available inside the plant\u2019s tissues will the sepals go blue\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7e61\u7403\u5c6c\u7684\u300c\u82b1\u300d\u8272\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u82b1\u9752\u7d20\u4e2d\u7684\u7fe0\u96c0\u7d20\u6240\u542b\u7684\u92c1\u96e2\u5b50\u591a\u5be1\u800c\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u4e2d\u6027\u6216\u9e7c\u6027\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\uff0c\u92c1\u548c\u6c2b\u6c27\u96e2\u5b50\u7d50\u5408\u70ba\u6c2b\u6c27\u5316\u92c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u6eb6\u65bc\u6c34\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u690d\u7269\u5438\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u690d\u7269\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u5fc5\u9808\u542b\u6709\u92c1\u96e2\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc(\u7fe0\u96c0\u7d20)\u5c31\u6703\u4f7f\u5f97\u7e61\u7403\u5c6c\u7684\u300c\u82b1\u300d\u51fa\u73fe\u85cd\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u2026researchers in China. They inject into rose petals an engineered strain of Agrobacterium bacteria that delivered two new genes to the plant. These genes encoded enzymes that convert a common amino acid in the pedals to a blue pigment related to indigo\u2026When the bacteria were added to white roses, a blue color spread from the injection site\u2014although it was rather patchy and faded quickly\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u7528\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7d30\u83cc\u628a\u80fd\u5c07\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u85cd\u8272\u8272\u7d20\u7684\u9175\u7d20\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u9001\u5230\u767d\u73ab\u7470\u7684\u82b1\u74e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u6cbf\u8457\u6ce8\u5c04\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u6688\u958b\u4e86\u85cd\u8272\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u584a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u892a\u8272\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u2026evolution has enabled plants to modified pigment-making genes with gusto from just a few basic themes,\u2026. So nature \u2014a far more inventive and daring chemist than we human\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u690d\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u9032\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u5f9e\u5e7e\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e3b\u8272\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6539\u8b8a\u984f\u8272\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u51fa\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u984f\u8272\u2026..&nbsp;\u6240\u4ee5\u554a\uff0c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u6bd4\u8d77\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u5275\u610f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u66f4\u52c7\u65bc\u5617\u8a66\u548c\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">*\uff1aPhilip Ball, The Beauty of Chemistry, 2020, The MIT Press<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2023\/8\/10 The Beauty of Chemistry Damakey<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201c\u2026Color in the living world te&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36533","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36533"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36533\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36535,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36533\/revisions\/36535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damakey.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}